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1922 Oregon gubernatorial election
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November 7, 1922
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 County results Pierce: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Olcott: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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| Elections in Oregon |
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The 1922 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1922, to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched incumbent Republican Ben W. Olcott against Democrat Walter M. Pierce. With the support of the Ku Klux Klan, then a powerful political force in the state, Pierce won the election by a wide margin.
Primary election
[edit]Oregon held primary elections on May 19, 1922.
Republican party
[edit]In March 1919, Oregon governor James Withycombe died in office, just two months into his second term. As prescribed by Oregon law, Oregon Secretary of State Ben Olcott succeeded Withycombe in office. In 1922, Olcott announced that he would seek a full term in office.
In the early 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan had become a powerful political force in Oregon.[1] Olcott refused to endorse the Klan, and shortly before the Republican primary, issued an executive proclamation against the organization for terrorist acts conducted by its members which included mock hangings.[2] Olcott's actions nearly cost him the Republican nomination to the Klan-backed candidate, state senator Charles Hall.[3] Olcott ultimately won a narrow victory in the primary but would face a general election campaign without the Klan's support.
Candidates
[edit]- Louis E. Bean, Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives
- Charles Hall, member of Oregon State Senate
- J. D. Lee, former member of Oregon House of Representatives[4]
- Ben W. Olcott, incumbent governor
- I. L. Patterson, member of Oregon State Senate
- George A. White, journalist and military officer
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Ben W. Olcott (inc.) | 43,032 | 37.53% | |
| Republican | Charles Hall | 42,511 | 37.08% | |
| Republican | I. L. Patterson | 13,019 | 11.36% | |
| Republican | George A. White | 10,156 | 8.86% | |
| Republican | Louis E. Bean | 3,870 | 3.38% | |
| Republican | J. D. Lee | 2,066 | 1.80% | |
| Total votes | 114,654 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic party
[edit]In a rematch of the 1918 gubernatorial primary, Walter M. Pierce again defeated Harvey G. Starkweather to secure the Democratic nomination.
Candidates
[edit]- Webster Holmes, attorney and judge from Tillamook[4]
- Walter M. Pierce, former member of Oregon State Senate and Democratic nominee for governor in 1918
- Will E. Purdy, independent candidate for governor in 1914
- Harvey G. Starkweather, former superintendent of schools in Clackmas County and La Grande
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Walter M. Pierce | 15,144 | 61.25% | |
| Democratic | Harvey G. Starkweather | 6,325 | 25.58% | |
| Democratic | Webster Holmes | 1,995 | 8.07% | |
| Democratic | Will E. Purdy | 1,261 | 5.10% | |
| Total votes | 24,725 | 100.00% | ||
General election
[edit]Campaign
[edit]With their original candidate's defeat, the Klan threw their support behind Democratic candidate Walter M. Pierce, who also agreed to back the Klan's Compulsory Education Act, which would require all students to attend public, rather than private schools, a deliberate attack on Roman Catholic private schools.[1][3] Both Pierce and the education initiative won wide, but short-lived victories in November: the education law was struck down by the United States Supreme Court in their 1925 Pierce v. Society of Sisters decision, and Pierce lost re-election in 1926.
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Walter M. Pierce | 133,392 | 57.36% | +14.58% | |
| Republican | Ben W. Olcott (inc.) | 99,164 | 42.64% | −10.35% | |
| Total votes | 232,556 | 100.00% | |||
| Majority | 34,228 | 14.72% | |||
| Democratic gain from Republican | Swing | +24.93% | |||
Results by county
[edit]Pierce was the first Democrat since E. M. Barnum in 1858 to carry Washington County in a gubernatorial election. That county, along with Marion County and Yamhill County would not vote Democratic again until 1974 while Grant County would not do the same again until 1970. Additionally Columbia County voted Democratic for the first time since 1886.
| County[7] | Walter M. Pierce Democratic |
Ben W. Olcott Republican |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Baker | 3,180 | 65.89% | 1,646 | 34.11% | 1,534 | 31.79% | 4,826 |
| Benton | 2,233 | 46.59% | 2,560 | 53.41% | -327 | -6.82% | 4,793 |
| Clackamas | 7,114 | 61.51% | 4,451 | 38.49% | 2,663 | 23.03% | 11,565 |
| Clatsop | 3,019 | 51.09% | 2,890 | 48.91% | 129 | 2.18% | 5,909 |
| Columbia | 1,697 | 52.34% | 1,545 | 47.66% | 152 | 4.69% | 3,242 |
| Coos | 3,846 | 61.71% | 2,386 | 38.29% | 1,460 | 23.43% | 6,232 |
| Crook | 532 | 53.09% | 470 | 46.91% | 62 | 6.19% | 1,002 |
| Curry | 351 | 42.70% | 471 | 57.30% | -120 | -14.60% | 822 |
| Deschutes | 1,563 | 54.73% | 1,293 | 45.27% | 270 | 9.45% | 2,856 |
| Douglas | 4,522 | 63.02% | 2,654 | 36.98% | 1,868 | 26.03% | 7,176 |
| Gilliam | 478 | 43.89% | 611 | 56.11% | -133 | -12.21% | 1,089 |
| Grant | 732 | 50.31% | 723 | 49.69% | 9 | 0.62% | 1,455 |
| Harney | 564 | 57.55% | 416 | 42.45% | 148 | 15.10% | 980 |
| Hood River | 926 | 47.78% | 1,012 | 52.22% | -86 | -4.44% | 1,938 |
| Jackson | 4,670 | 58.37% | 3,331 | 41.63% | 1,339 | 16.74% | 8,001 |
| Jefferson | 360 | 50.85% | 348 | 49.15% | 12 | 1.69% | 708 |
| Josephine | 1,841 | 66.99% | 907 | 33.01% | 934 | 33.99% | 2,748 |
| Klamath | 1,212 | 36.76% | 2,085 | 63.24% | -873 | -26.48% | 3,297 |
| Lake | 479 | 33.29% | 960 | 66.71% | -481 | -33.43% | 1,439 |
| Lane | 8,687 | 67.24% | 4,233 | 32.76% | 4,454 | 34.47% | 12,920 |
| Lincoln | 999 | 51.42% | 944 | 48.58% | 55 | 2.83% | 1,943 |
| Linn | 5,045 | 63.40% | 2,913 | 36.60% | 2,132 | 26.79% | 7,958 |
| Malheur | 1,141 | 46.05% | 1,337 | 53.95% | -196 | -7.91% | 2,478 |
| Marion | 8,522 | 56.64% | 6,525 | 43.36% | 1,997 | 13.27% | 15,047 |
| Morrow | 729 | 51.45% | 688 | 48.55% | 41 | 2.89% | 1,417 |
| Multnomah | 43,771 | 55.36% | 35,295 | 44.64% | 8,476 | 10.72% | 79,066 |
| Polk | 2,968 | 66.32% | 1,507 | 33.68% | 1,461 | 32.65% | 4,475 |
| Sherman | 537 | 51.29% | 510 | 48.71% | 27 | 2.58% | 1,047 |
| Tillamook | 2,220 | 71.41% | 889 | 28.59% | 1,331 | 42.81% | 3,109 |
| Umatilla | 4,733 | 60.79% | 3,053 | 39.21% | 1,680 | 21.58% | 7,786 |
| Union | 3,153 | 70.10% | 1,345 | 29.90% | 1,808 | 40.20% | 4,498 |
| Wallowa | 1,344 | 69.60% | 587 | 30.40% | 757 | 39.20% | 1,931 |
| Wasco | 2,095 | 53.04% | 1,855 | 46.96% | 240 | 6.08% | 3,950 |
| Washington | 3,768 | 50.41% | 3,707 | 49.59% | 61 | 0.82% | 7,475 |
| Wheeler | 313 | 35.17% | 577 | 64.83% | -264 | -29.66% | 890 |
| Yamhill | 4,048 | 62.39% | 2,440 | 37.61% | 1,608 | 24.78% | 6,488 |
| Total | 133,392 | 57.36% | 99,164 | 42.64% | 34,228 | 14.72% | 232,556 |
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
[edit]- Baker
- Clackamas
- Clatsop
- Columbia
- Coos
- Crook
- Deschutes
- Grant
- Jackson
- Jefferson
- Josephine
- Lane
- Lincoln
- Morrow
- Multnomah
- Polk
- Sherman
- Tillamook
- Umatilla
- Wallowa
- Wasco
- Washington
- Yamhill
References
[edit]- ^ a b Toy, Eckard. "Ku Klux Klan". The Oregon Encyclopedia.
- ^ "Proclamation Against the Ku Klux Klan, 1922". Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
- ^ a b "Roaring with the 1920s". OregonLive.com. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
- ^ a b "Candidates And Platforms". Oregon Daily Journal. May 1, 1922. p. 6. Retrieved April 10, 2026.
- ^ "Primary Vote Counted". Morning Oregonian. Portland. June 10, 1922. p. 12. Retrieved April 10, 2026.
- ^ "Pierce's Majority Over Field Is 5563". Oregon Daily Journal. Portland. June 11, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved April 10, 2026.
- ^ a b Kozer, Sam A. (1923). State of Oregon Blue Book and Official Directory 1923-1924. Salem: State Printing Department. p. 168. Retrieved April 10, 2026.