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Caldbeck transmitting station

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Caldbeck
Caldbeck transmitting station is located in Cumbria
Caldbeck transmitting station
Caldbeck transmitting station (Cumbria)
Mast height337 metres (1,106 ft)
Coordinates54°46′24″N 3°05′26″W / 54.773333°N 3.090556°W / 54.773333; -3.090556
Grid referenceNY299425
Built1961 (original)
2008 (current)
Demolished2008 (original)
BBC regionBBC North East and Cumbria
BBC Scotland
ITV regionITV Border
Local TV serviceThat's Cumbria

The Caldbeck transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated close to the village of Caldbeck, in Cumbria, England (Grid Reference: NY299425). It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

It includes a 337-metre-high (1,106 ft) guyed steel lattice mast, which is the third highest structure in the United Kingdom. The transmission antennas surmounting the structure are contained within a fibreglass cylinder.

History

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The station was originally commissioned by the Independent Television Authority to bring ITV signals (provided by Border Television) to South West Scotland and Northern parts of Cumberland and Westmorland, including Carlisle and Dumfries using 405-line on VHF Channel 11 (Band III).

Border Television were given the contract in May 1960.[1][2] Construction on the ITV studio began in late September 1960.[3]

Construction had started by November 1960, and almost finished by June 1961, it originally included a 306.6 metres (1,006 ft) tall guyed steel lattice mast that came into service on 1 September of that year. The BBC's VHF television and radio services were carried by the nearby Sandale transmitting station.

The other Border Television transmitter was the Selkirk transmitting station which opened in November 1961.

When UHF television started in the UK in 1969, Caldbeck was selected to carry all the 625-line services for the area. The original three channel line-up came into service in September 1971. Channel 4 began from Caldbeck from its launch in November 1982. 405 line television was discontinued in the UK in 1985.

In 1993, CFM Radio launched from Caldbeck on 96.4 MHz FM, and later in 2001 the national digital multiplex Digital One entered service.

1977 aircraft incident

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On the morning of Friday August 19 1977, a USAF F-4 Phantom flew through the supporting cables, and severed the aircraft's starboard wing, taking two feet off.[4][5][6] Major John McKenney was at 600ft. The aircraft had taken off from RAF Bentwaters.[7] The aircraft survived.

On August 14 1968 a North American F-100 Super Sabre from Suffolk hit Zendstation Smilde in the Netherlands, at a height of 250 metres, also taking off part of the wing.[8]

Also on 27 March 1973, Hunter 'XG256', of 79 Squadron, hit the supports of Caradon Hill transmitting station and crashed. The pilot, 23 year old Flying Officer Richard Pearson, safely ejected.[9][10][11]

Digital switchover

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Caldbeck was one of the first transmitters in the UK to be upgraded to high power digital only TV broadcasting. The Digital Switchover took place between June & July 2009. At this time, the analogue signal was permanently switched off. Extra multiplexes for BBC Scotland and ITV Border (Scotland) were added to the transmitter at the time.

Caldbeck underwent major engineering work to accommodate the new transmitters and aerials. The work entailed complete replacement of the existing mast with a brand new 337 m (1,106 ft) mast, work on which began on 26 April 2007. Construction of the new mast structure was completed at the beginning of March 2008.[12] Once installation of the transmitting aerials on the new mast was complete, the old one was dismantled.

Services listed by frequency

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Analogue radio (FM VHF)

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Frequency kW[13] Service
96.4 MHz 3 Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland

Digital radio (DAB)

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Frequency Block kW[14] Operator
222.064 MHz 11D 2.8 Digital One

Digital television

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Frequency UHF kW Operator BBC region ITV region System
473.833 MHz 21- 50 BBC B Scotland Border (Scotland) DVB-T2
481.833 MHz 22- 100 BBC B NE & Cumbria Border (England) DVB-T2
489.833 MHz 23- 50 SDN — — DVB-T
497.833 MHz 24- 50 Digital 3&4 — Border (Scotland) DVB-T
505.833 MHz 25- 100 BBC A NE & Cumbria — DVB-T
513.833 MHz 26- 50 Arqiva A — — DVB-T
521.833 MHz 27- 50 BBC A Scotland — DVB-T
529.833 MHz 28- 100 Digital 3&4 — Border (England) DVB-T
538.000 MHz 29 4 LTVmux — — DVB-T
545.833 MHz 30- 50 Arqiva B — — DVB-T
570.000 MHz 33 5 LTVmux — — DVB-T

Before switchover

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Digital television
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Frequency UHF kW Operator
490.000 MHz 23 15 Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)
506.000 MHz 25 10 BBC (Mux 1)
514.166 MHz 26+ 15 SDN (Mux A)
618.000 MHz 39 3.2 BBC (Mux B)
642.000 MHz 42 1.6 Arqiva (Mux D)
666.000 MHz 45 1.6 Arqiva (Mux C)
Analogue television
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Frequency UHF kW Service
527.25 MHz 28 500 Border
543.25 MHz 30 500 BBC1 North East
559.25 MHz 32 500 Channel 4
575.25 MHz 34 500 BBC2 North East
751.25 MHz 56 10 Channel 5

See also

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References

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  1. ^ The Scotsman Friday 6 May 1960, page 6
  2. ^ The Stage Thursday 12 May 1960, page 9
  3. ^ Penrith Observer Tuesday 27 September 1960, page 6
  4. ^ Shropshire Star Friday 19 August 1977, page 1
  5. ^ The Scotsman Saturday 20 August 1977, page 1
  6. ^ Times Saturday August 20 1977, page 2
  7. ^ August 1977 incident
  8. ^ 1968 incident
  9. ^ Daily Express Wednesday 28 March 1973, page 1
  10. ^ Western Daily Press Wednesday 28 March 1973, page 8
  11. ^ 1973 Cornwall incident
  12. ^ News & Star
  13. ^ Radio Listeners Guide 2010
  14. ^ Radio Listeners Guide 2010
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