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David Bawden

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For the information science scholar, see David Bawden (academic).

Michael
Bawden in 2008
Papacy beganJuly 16, 1990
Papacy endedAugust 2, 2022
PredecessorPope Pius XII
SuccessorRogelio del Rosario Martinez
Opposed to
  • John Paul II
  • Benedict XVI
  • Francis
Orders
OrdinationDecember 11, 2011
by Robert Biarnesen
ConsecrationDecember 11, 2011
by Robert Biarnesen
Personal details
BornDavid Bawden
(1959-09-22)September 22, 1959
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
DiedAugust 2, 2022(2022-08-02) (aged 62)
Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
Ordination history
History
Diaconal ordination
Ordained byRobert Biarnesen
DateDecember 11, 2011
Priestly ordination
Ordained byRobert Biarnesen
DateDecember 11, 2011
Episcopal consecration
Consecrated byRobert Biarnesen
DateDecember 11, 2011

David Allen Bawden (September 22, 1959 – August 2, 2022), who took the name Pope Michael, was an American conclavist claimant to the papacy. Bawden believed that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. In 1990, he was elected pope by a group of six laypeople, including himself and his parents. In 2011, he was ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop by an Independent Catholic bishop.

Early life and education

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Bawden was born on September 22, 1959, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to Clara (née Barton) and Kennett Bawden.[1][2][3] He attended elementary school and high school in Oklahoma City.[2] He had one brother, Brian.[3][4]

Bawden's parents were traditionalist Catholics who rejected Vatican II.[5] In the mid-1970s, he and his family became followers of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX).[6] Bawden entered the SSPX seminary in Écône, Switzerland, in 1977, then transferred to Saint Joseph's Priory in Armada, Michigan because of difficulties learning French.[4] He was dismissed in 1978, "without cause" according to Bawden;[7][5] he would later in 2012 state it was because of seminary "infighting" he became involved with.[8] His family subsequently moved to St. Marys, Kansas, where the SSPX ran Saint Mary's Academy and College. Bawden worked for the school and his brother attended it.[9] In 1981, Bawden broke with the SSPX.[6] Prior to claiming the papacy, he worked as a real estate agent and furniture maker.[10]

Claim to the papacy

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See also: Conclavism

By the mid-1980s, Bawden and his family came to believe that all the popes since the death of Pope Pius XII on October 9, 1958, were modernists, heretics, and apostates, and that their elections were invalid.[11]: 220  On July 16, 1990, Bawden, his parents, and three other laypeople held what they claimed to be a papal conclave at the Bawden family's thrift store in Belvue, Kansas.[6][3] They elected Bawden, then 30 years old, as pope, on the first ballot.[12][4] Bawden subsequently styled himself "Pope Michael" after Saint Michael the Archangel.[13][10] Bawden had invited hundreds of Independent Catholic bishops and sedevacantists to the election, but none attended.[11]: 222  Since he was not ordained at the time of his election, he was unable to celebrate Mass or confect the sacraments as a priest. He hoped that some bishop in the USSR or China "behind the curtain and Bamboo curtains" and unaware of Vatican II, might one day hear of him and ordain him.[5][7]

After the election, Bawden continued living at home with his parents.[3] His brother, Brian, expressed confusion about the situation, stating "I'm not for him; I'm not against him; and I don't understand what he's doing."[4] In 1993, Bawden and his parents relocated to Delia, Kansas.[6] His father died in 1995.[14] Bawden established a presence on the internet as an alternative claimant to the papacy;[15] in 2009, he stated that he had approximately 30 "solid followers".[16] He maintained a website for his papacy called Vatican in Exile,[15] and supported himself through donations and by republishing out-of-print religious literature.[17] In 2010, the independent filmmaker Adam Fairholm released a feature-length documentary about him, Pope Michael.[18]

Bawden announced that he had been ordained a priest and then consecrated a bishop on December 11, 2011, by an Independent Catholic episcopus vagans, Bishop Robert Biarnesen of the Duarte-Costa and Old Catholic episcopal lineages, who himself had been consecrated a bishop only a month prior.[19][20][21][22] Bawden then considered himself able to celebrate the Mass and the sacraments of confession and Holy Orders.[21]

Death

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Bawden's burial on August 8, 2024, in Delia, Kansas

On July 10, 2022, his church's Twitter account posted that Bawden had to have emergency surgery and was in a coma.[23] Bawden died on August 2, 2022, in Kansas City, Missouri.[1][24] At the time of his death, he had been serving as the president of the Neighborhood Improvement Association of Oakland, Kansas, and was a member of the Citizen Advisory Council. His obituary simply called him "Father David" and made no reference to his papal claims.[25] He was succeeded by Rogelio del Rosario Martinez.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Obituary for Father David A. Bawden". www.davidsonfuneral.com. Davidson Funeral Home. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  2. ^ a b Seba, Erwin (July 23, 1990). "'Pope' explains theological conflicts". Kansas State Collegian. Vol. 96, no. 165. pp. 1, 5.
  3. ^ a b c d Henning, Sarah (October 17, 2009). "The gospel of Pope Michael: Kansan stakes own claim to Catholic Church". Lawrence Journal-World. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d Crumbo, Christine (August 17, 1990). "Kansas worshipers secede, elect pope". The Miami Herald. Knight-Ridder News Service. pp. 4E. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  5. ^ a b c Brisendine, Steve (May 30, 2005). "Despite few followers, 'Pope Michael' holds to beliefs". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Archived from the original on November 28, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d Melton, J. Gordon (1994). "Catholic Church (Pope Michael I)". Encyclopedia of American Religions: Fourth Edition Supplement. Detroit: Gale Research Inc. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8103-8818-5.
  7. ^ a b Schofield, Matthew (July 23, 1990). "He's pope for a small flock". The Kansas City Star. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  8. ^ Anderson, Phil (January 13, 2012). "Kansas 'pope' leads a flock in exile". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  9. ^ Crumbo, Christine (August 17, 1990). "Kansas worshippers secede, elect pope". Miami Herald. Knight-Ridder News Service. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  10. ^ a b Fruhling, Larry (November 4, 1990). "Papal pretender twits the real one". The Des Moines Register. pp. 1A, 9A.
  11. ^ a b Frank, Thomas (2006). What's the Matter with America? The Resistible Rise of the American Right. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-09-949293-1. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  12. ^ "Group elects area man pope". Kansas State Collegian. Vol. 96, no. 164. Associated Press. July 19, 1990. p. 8.
  13. ^ Allen, John L. (2004). Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election. New York : Image/Doubleday. pp. 2, 3. ISBN 978-0-385-50453-9. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  14. ^ "Obituary: Bawden, Kennett". Rossville Kansas Genealogy. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  15. ^ a b Last, Jonathan V. (December 2005). "God on the Internet". First Things. No. 158. pp. 34–40. ISSN 1047-5141. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  16. ^ Fairholm, Adam (director) (2010). Pope Michael (Documentary). Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  17. ^ Bawden, David; Asadi, Torang (September 2, 2010). Pope Michael Oral History. Religious Studies Department, University of Kansas. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  18. ^ Mills, David (February 28, 2012), "We have a Pope, but not that one", First Things, Institute on Religion and Public Life, archived from the original on August 5, 2022, retrieved December 25, 2018
  19. ^ Jarvis, Edward (2018). God, Land & Freedom: the true story of ICAB. Apocryphile Press. p. 169. ISBN 9781947826908.
  20. ^ Anderson, Phil (January 13, 2012). "Kansas 'pope' leads a flock in exile". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  21. ^ a b Gullotta, Daniel N. (May 30, 2025). "The Other American 'Popes'". The Bulwark. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  22. ^ Lundberg, Magnus (2015). "Modern Alternative Popes". Uppsala University: 55. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  23. ^ #Vatican in Exile [@Francis5Domini3] (July 10, 2022). "Please keep His Holiness Pope Michael in your prayers. He had emergency brain surgery this evening. Blood was found on the brain. For the time being he is being kept in a coma" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  24. ^ #Vatican in Exile [@Francis5Domini3] (August 3, 2022). "Today at 10:18 Pope Michael passed on into eternity. RIP" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  25. ^ Walther, Matthew (August 5, 2022). "Morn is Approaching". The Lamp Magazine. Retrieved January 15, 2026.

Further reading

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