Disperse dye

Structure of Disperse Yellow 42

Disperse dye is a category of synthetic dye intended for polyester and related hydrophobic fibers. Disperse dyes are polar molecules containing anthraquinone or azo groups. It is estimated that 85% of disperse dyes are azos or anthraquinone dyes.^[1][2]

History

The history of disperse dye production is closely related to the synthesis of cellulose acetate fibres. Disperse dyes were invented in 1923-24.^[3]

Fundamentals of dyeing

Disperse dyes are non-ionic in nature and partially soluble in water. The interaction of dye molecule and polymer takes place with Van der Waals and dipole forces.^[4] Disperse dyes have better diffusion at boiling to a higher temperature.^[5]

Examples

• Disperse Blue dyes, especially 106 and 124, are common causes of contact allergy.^[6]
• Disperse Orange 1 is an azo dye.
• Disperse Red 9 is a red dye derived from anthraquinone.
• Disperse Red 11, also called C.I. 62015 and 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy anthraquinone, is another anthraquinone dye.
• Disperse Red 60 is also an anthraquinone dye.
• Disperse Yellow 26 is a yellow disperse dye.
• Disperse Yellow 42 is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of aniline with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride.

References

1. "Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dye".
2. Hamprecht, Rainer; Westerkamp, Aloys (2000). "Disperse Dyes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_565. ISBN 3527306730.
3. Gulrajani, M.L. (2011). "Disperse dyes". Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing. pp. 365–394. doi:10.1533/9780857093974.2.365. ISBN 978-1-84569-695-5.
4. Chakraborty, J.N. (2010). "Dyeing of nylon". Fundamentals and Practices in Colouration of Textiles. pp. 235–247. doi:10.1533/9780857092823.235. ISBN 978-1-84569-788-4.
5. Lewin, Menachem, ed. (2006). Handbook of Fiber Chemistry. p. 53. doi:10.1201/9781420015270. ISBN 978-0-429-11639-1.
6. Malinauskiene, Laura; Bruze, Magnus; Ryberg, Kristina; Zimerson, Erik; Isaksson, Marléne (February 2013). "Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles: a review". Contact Dermatitis. 68 (2): 65–75. doi:10.1111/cod.12001. PMID 23289879.