DZ
DefZone.Net

Kien thuc cong nghe & giai tri

Wiki Article

Dominickers

Nguồn dữ liệu từ Wikipedia, hiển thị bởi DefZone.Net

Xem trên WikipediaBài ngẫu nhiên khác
For the chicken breed, see Dominique (Chicken).
Dominickers
Total population
1950 (census)60[1]
Regions with significant populations
Holmes County, Florida, eastern United States
Languages
English
Related ethnic groups
Brass Ankles, African-Americans, Free Black people, Melungeons, Carmelites, Lumbee, Beaver Creek Indians, Wesorts, Chestnut Ridge people, Redbones, Alabama Cajans

The Dominickers are a small biracial ethnic group, ostensibly known since the 1860s.[2]

They were centered in the Florida Panhandle county of Holmes, in the southwestern part of the county west of the Choctawhatchee River, near the town of Ponce de Leon. They were of mixed Black and white ancestry, well-known to the degree that Dominicker became a local term for any mixed-race person.[3][4] They were classified as one of 200 presumed "triracial isolates" along groups such as the Redbones and Melungeons.[5] Researcher Calvin L. Beale noted forty existed in Holmes County in 1950, marked as white on the census.[6][1]

Etymology

[edit]

The nickname "Dominickers", taken as pejorative, was said to come from a local man in a divorce case describing his estranged wife as "black and white, like an old Dominicker chicken."[2]

History

[edit]
Dominickers and other nearby population isolates, 1950.[7]

The first known mention in print of the Dominickers was in a 1939 American Guide series on Florida.[8] The subsection "Ponce de Leon" identifies the Dominickers as being mixed-race descendants of the widow of a pre-Civil War plantation owner and one of her Black slaves, by whom she had five children. Said children married both Black and white spouses, and their descendants multiplied over time. They populated the backwoods and swamps, typically in poverty, having large families and small farms.[3][9]

Before integration, their children were required to attend a one-room, twenty student segregated school (as required by Florida's Jim Crow laws). They were not provided with busing and had to walk several miles to school. A Dominicker graveyard adjoined the school.[3]

Dominickers were not accepted as social equals by the white community, but they kept themselves apart from the main Black community as well. They formed a small middle layer of Holmes County society separate from both whites and Black people. Academic Ralph D. Howell suggested they looked Spanish or Cuban, noting some claimed Spanish origin, but stated some appeared to be Black.[3] This variation of appearance was noted to be possible within one family.[9] The Redbones of southwestern Louisiana, who the Dominickers were mapped as residing nearby to, were sometimes called Dominics.[7]

After desegregation, locals had varied opinions on if most Dominickers had assimilated into the main populations.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Beale, Calvin L. (December 1957). "American Triracial Isolates: Their Status and Pertinence to Genetic Research". Eugenics Quarterly. 4 (4): 187–196. doi:10.1080/19485565.1957.9987328.
  2. ^ a b Green, Jonathon (2026). "Dominicker". Green's Dictionary of Slang. Green's Dictionary of Slang. Jonathon Green and Abecedary Limited. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
  3. ^ a b c d D. Howell, Ralph (1972). "Dominicker: A Regional Racial Term". American Speech. 47 (3). Duke University Press: 305–306. doi:10.2307/3087971. JSTOR 3087971. Retrieved 12 March 2026. ...most white people of the area claim that these people are of mixed white and black blood, and thus have adopted the term dominicker to refer to them.
  4. ^ a b Lindstrom, Andy (14 September 1986). "U.S. 90: Retracing North Florida's first highway reveals a road well-traveled in spots, abandoned to the Interstate in others". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. p. 76. Retrieved 13 March 2026. Out beyond Ponce de Leon, people of mixed black and white ancestry known as Dominickers still keep to a path separate from either race.
  5. ^ Berry, Brewton (1963). Almost White. London, GB: Macmillan Publishers. pp. 27, 36. Retrieved 14 March 2026 – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ Stout, Wesley (21 September 1966). "Lumbees Among Raceless Americans". The Orlando Sentinel. Orlando, Florida. p. 19. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  7. ^ a b Price, Edward Thomas (January 1950). Mixed Blood Populations of Eastern United States as to origins, localizations, and persistence. Oakland, CA: University of California. p. 112, 115, 116a, 118, 121, 299a. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  8. ^ Federal Writers' Project (1939). Florida: A Guide to the Southernmost State. American Guide Series. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 445-446. Retrieved 14 March 2026 – via Internet Archive. In adjacent back country live 'Dominickers,' part Negro and part white, whose history goes back to the early 1860's.
  9. ^ a b Rose Bird, Stephanie (2009). Light, Bright, and Damned Near White. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. p. 45, 48-49. ISBN 9780275989545. Retrieved 12 March 2026. The Federal Writer's Project (FWP) writers identify Dominickers as descendants of the widow of a pre–Civil War plantation owner and one of her slaves who may have been her husband's mulatto half-brother.
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Bird, Stephanie Rose. Light, Bright, and Damned Near White: Biracial and Triracial Culture in America. Praeger, 2009.
  • Carswell, E. W. He Sold No 'Shine Before Its Time. Taylor Publications, 1981.
  • Eidse, Faith. Voices of the Appalachicola. University Press of Florida, 2007.
  • McGregory, Jerrilyn. Wiregrass Country. University Press of Mississippi, 1997.