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James Garrard Jr.
Garrard, depicted in Anna Russell Des Cognets's Governor Garrard, of Kentucky: His Descendants and Relatives (1898)
Member of the Kentucky Senate from Bourbon County
In office
1813–1817
Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Bourbon County
In office
1831
Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Bourbon County
In office
1820
Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Bourbon County
In office
1808
Personal details
Born1773
Stafford County, Virginia, British America
Died(1838-09-01)September 1, 1838
Bourbon County, Kentucky, U.S.
Resting placeJames Garrard Burying Ground, Bourbon County, Kentucky
Spouses
  • Nancy Lewis (m. 1793; died 1835)
  • Mary Kerfoot Williams
Parent(s)James Garrard and Elizabeth Mountjoy
Military service
AllegianceUnited States
Branch/serviceKentucky militia
RankBrigadier general
Battles/warsWar of 1812

James Garrard Jr. (1773 – September 1, 1838) was an American politician, militia officer, and livestock breeder from Bourbon County, Kentucky. The son of Kentucky governor James Garrard, he represented Bourbon County in both chambers of the Kentucky General Assembly and was a candidate for lieutenant governor in 1816. During the War of 1812, he served as a major under Brigadier General James Winchester and was captured at the Battle of Frenchtown in January 1813. He was appointed brigadier general of the Kentucky militia in 1817.[1][2]

Garrard remained active in Kentucky politics, presiding over conventions supporting John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. He lived at Fairfield, a plantation near Paris, Kentucky, where he engaged in livestock breeding.[1][2]

Early life

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Garrard was born in Stafford County, Virginia, in 1773, the son of James Garrard and Elizabeth Mountjoy. His family moved to Kentucky around 1783 and settled at Mount Lebanon, his family plantation near Paris in Bourbon County. His father served as Kentucky's second governor from 1796 to 1804.[1]

Garrard made his home at Fairfield, on Stoner Creek near Mount Lebanon.[1][2]

Military career

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During the War of 1812, Garrard served as a major and brigade inspector with Kentucky volunteer forces under Brigadier General James Winchester in the northwestern campaign.[2]

On January 22, 1813, British troops and their Indigenous allies attacked American forces at Frenchtown, near the River Raisin in present-day Monroe, Michigan. Garrard commanded the eastern section of the American defensive line. Following the American defeat, he was captured and held by the British before being released.[2]

In a letter written from Niagara on February 15, 1813, Garrard reported that he remained in British custody with Winchester and several other officers, although many of the captured soldiers had been released on parole.[3] He was also among the officers who signed a published eyewitness statement concerning the battle.[4]

Garrard was also present at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813. [5]

By October 1814, Garrard was serving as lieutenant colonel of the 71st Regiment. He appealed to the women of Bourbon County to assist in providing uniforms for soldiers, noting that they had contributed approximately $3,000 worth of clothing during the 1812 campaign.[6]

Garrard remained in the Kentucky militia after the war. In January 1817, Governor Gabriel Slaughter nominated him to command the Fourth Brigade, succeeding Josephus Perrin. The Kentucky Senate confirmed his appointment as brigadier general on January 16, 1817.[7]

Political career

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Garrard first represented Bourbon County in the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1808. He was subsequently elected to the Kentucky Senate, serving from 1813 to 1817.[1]

Senate service and election of 1816

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In 1815, Garrard served on a joint legislative committee investigating the Bank of Kentucky's suspension of specie payments. He signed the committee's report, which concluded that the suspension was justified by circumstances and recommended continued acceptance of the bank's notes.[8]

In 1816, Garrard ran for lieutenant governor against Gabriel Slaughter and Richard Hickman. Slaughter won with 26,688 votes, followed by Hickman with 11,731 and Garrard with 7,723.[9] Following the death of Governor George Madison that October, Slaughter succeeded him as governor.

During the Senate session beginning in December 1816, Garrard was nominated for Speaker of the Senate. He received seven votes on the first ballot, behind Edmund Bullock and Robert Ewing, and did not advance to the second ballot. He was subsequently appointed to a committee to revise the Senate's standing rules and served on the Committee of Propositions and Grievances, reporting petitions and proposed legislation.[7][10]

Garrard lost his bid for reelection to the Senate in 1817. Jesse Bledsoe defeated him in Bourbon County by 1,018 votes to 212.[11]

Later legislative service

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Garrard returned to the House of Representatives in 1820. At the opening of the session, fellow Bourbon County representative John L. Hickman nominated him for Speaker of the House. Garrard advanced to the second ballot but lost to George C. Thompson. He served on the Committee of Religion and introduced legislation concerning public poor relief and facilities for people in need.[12]

During debate over the establishment of the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Garrard proposed requiring payments for vacant lands west of the Tennessee River to be made in gold or silver. The amendment failed, and Garrard subsequently voted against the bill, which passed the House 57–40.[12]

In December 1827, Garrard presided over a statewide Administration convention at Frankfort, Kentucky. The delegates endorsed President John Quincy Adams and recommended Thomas Metcalfe for governor and Joseph R. Underwood for lieutenant governor.[13]

He presided over another statewide convention in December 1830, when Kentucky's National Republicans organized support for Henry Clay and the American System.[14]

Garrard served a final term in the House of Representatives in 1831. He sat on the Committee on Military Affairs and voted for Henry Clay in the General Assembly's election to the United States Senate. He introduced legislation to improve navigation of the Kentucky River between the Goose Creek salt works and Frankfort. He also advocated construction of an arsenal in Frankfort and reported a bill regulating militia correspondence, which became law. The arsenal bill passed the House on December 23, 1831, with Garrard voting in favor.[15]

Agriculture and business

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Garrard operated Fairfield, a plantation on Stoner Creek near Paris, Kentucky, where he bred horses, cattle and sheep. He traveled to England to select breeding stock and became associated with the improvement of livestock in Kentucky.[1][5]

In 1817, Garrard and his sons advertised a wool-carding business at Fairfield, offering processing services for common and Merino wool.[16] By 1831, he was breeding improved Durham cattle. That year, newspapers reported that he had sold a pair of steers for $300 and declined an offer of $500 for another pair.[17]

Garrard served as president of the Bourbon County Agricultural Society and delivered an address on agriculture at its June 1838 meeting.[18] Following his death, his estate included approximately 730 acres, a gristmill, a sawmill and substantial livestock holdings.[19]

Slaveholding

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Garrard enslaved people at Fairfield. Bourbon County court proceedings dated September 17, 1796, identify an enslaved woman named Milley who was tried for administering poisonous medicine to members of Garrard's household. The court sentenced her to death.[20]

The 1830 United States census recorded 31 enslaved people and two free Black people in his Bourbon County household.[21]

Personal life

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Garrard married Nancy Lewis, daughter of Thomas Lewis and Elizabeth Payne, on December 18, 1793. The couple lived at Fairfield in Bourbon County and had thirteen children. Nancy's sister Sarah married Green Clay, whose children included the abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay.[1]

Their children were:

  • Thomas Lewis Garrard (1794–1863), a farmer in Pendleton County, Kentucky, who married America Grace Coleman.
  • James Douglas Garrard III (1796–1858), who settled in Todd County, Kentucky, and married Sarah Reeder, a granddaughter of John Edwards, one of Kentucky's first U.S. senators.
  • Stephen Lewis Garrard (1798–1840), a farmer in Harrison County, Kentucky.
  • Massena Garrard (1800–1850), who settled near Hannibal, Missouri.
  • Jeptha Dudley Garrard (1802–1837), an attorney in Cincinnati who married Sarah Bella Ludlow, daughter of Israel Ludlow, a founder of Cincinnati. After his death, she married U.S. Supreme Court justice John McLean. Their sons included Kenner Garrard, a Union brigadier general; Israel Ludlow Garrard and Jeptha Dudley Garrard Jr., both Union colonels who received brevet promotions to brigadier general; and Lewis Hector Garrard, an author who served in the Minnesota legislature and as mayor of Lake City.[1][22][23]
  • William Garrard (1804–1827), an attorney who practiced in Florence, Alabama.
  • Elizabeth Lewis Garrard (1806–1873), who married Augustus Volney Bedford.
  • Edward Garrard (1808–1826), who died while attending Transylvania University.
  • Sarah Lewis Garrard (1810–1881), who married Thomas Allen Russell, a War of 1812 veteran and Kentucky legislator. He was a grandson of Revolutionary War officer William Russell. Their daughter Anna Russell des Cognets, a granddaughter of James Garrard Jr., authored Governor Garrard, of Kentucky: His Descendants and Relatives.[1]
  • Charles Todd Garrard (1812–1874), a farmer in Bourbon County, Kentucky, who married Mattie Bedford Kennedy.
  • Ann Maria Garrard (1814–1872), who married Benjamin C. Bedford and later lived in Illinois.
  • Margaret Talbot Garrard (1817–1863), who married Edwin G. Bedford.
  • Mary Garrard (1819–1829), who died in childhood.[1]

Garrard's sister Margaret married U.S. Senator Isham Talbot. His nephews included Union brigadier general Theophilus T. Garrard and Kentucky state treasurer James H. Garrard, both sons of his brother Daniel Garrard.[1]

Nancy died in 1835. Garrard subsequently married Mary Kerfoot Williams, widow of Roger Williams. They had no children together.[1]

Garrard died at Fairfield on September 1, 1838.[5] He was buried at the James Garrard Burying Ground near Paris, Kentucky.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Des Cognets, Anna Russell (1898). Governor Garrard, of Kentucky: His Descendants and Relatives. Lexington, Kentucky: J. M. Byrnes.
  2. ^ a b c d e Naveaux, Ralph. "Battlefield Biographies". River Raisin Battlefield. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  3. ^ Lexington Weekly Press (Lexington, Kentucky), March 20, 1813, p. 1. Newspaper clipping.
  4. ^ Niles' Weekly Register (Baltimore, Maryland), April 3, 1813, p. 11. Newspaper clipping.
  5. ^ a b c Kentucky Gazette (Lexington, Kentucky), September 6, 1838, p. 3. Newspaper clipping.
  6. ^ The Western Citizen (Paris, Kentucky), October 22, 1814, p. 2. Newspaper clipping.
  7. ^ a b Kentucky General Assembly, Senate (1816). Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, December 2, 1816–February 5, 1817. Gerard & Kendall. pp. 107–108, 124.
  8. ^ The Western Citizen (Paris, Kentucky), January 21, 1815, p. 1. Newspaper clipping.
  9. ^ "Kentucky 1816 Lieutenant Governor". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  10. ^ "Kentucky 1816 Speaker of the Senate". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  11. ^ "Kentucky 1817 State Senate, Bourbon County". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University. Retrieved 2026-10-07.
  12. ^ a b Kentucky General Assembly, House of Representatives (1820). Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Kendall & Russell. pp. 3–7, 16–17, 52–53, 127–134.
  13. ^ The Reporter (Lexington, Kentucky), December 29, 1827, digitized newspaper.
  14. ^ Republican Banner (Nashville, Tennessee), December 17, 1830, p. 3.
  15. ^ Kentucky General Assembly, House of Representatives (1831). Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 7, 1831–December 23, 1831. Jacob H. Holeman.
  16. ^ The Western Citizen (Paris, Kentucky), July 23, 1817, p. 4. Newspaper clipping.
  17. ^ Missouri Intelligencer and Boon's Lick Advertiser (Fayette, Missouri), September 17, 1831, p. 1. Newspaper clipping.
  18. ^ The Western Citizen (Paris, Kentucky), June 15, 1838, p. 2. Newspaper clipping.
  19. ^ The Western Citizen (Paris, Kentucky), October 26, 1838, p. 2. Newspaper clipping.
  20. ^ Bourbon County Court, proceedings of September 17, 1796, Bourbon County Court Records, 1793–1798, FamilySearch images 233 and 234.
  21. ^ 1830 United States census, Bourbon County, Kentucky, p. 298, National Archives microfilm publication M19, roll 33.
  22. ^ "John McLean". Supreme Court of Ohio.
  23. ^ "Lewis Hector Garrard". Minnesota Legislators Past & Present. Minnesota Legislative Reference Library.
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  • Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to James Garrard (general) at Wikimedia Commons


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