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Comment: I think this should be good to go with some more sourcing, especially for the statements about each maneuver ("This maneuver provides predictable...") but it's not quite there yet. Smallangryplanet (talk) 20:00, 28 December 2025 (UTC)
A procedure turn (PT) is an instrument flight rules (IFR) maneuver that enables an aircraft to perform a course reversal, typically from an outbound track to an inbound track. In an instrument approach, a PT establishes the aircraft inbound on the final approach course. It is a required maneuver if depicted on an approach chart and offers a protected area in which to conduct this maneuver. The chart may show the type of procedure turn to be executed, but other charts only show a barbed arrow or PT ‘barb’. This symbol indicates where a procedure turn may be commenced and on which side of the course it is to be made, then the pilot has discretion over the type and rate of the turn.[1][2]
45/180
[edit]The 45/180 procedure turn is the standard form used in many FAA and ICAO-based procedures. The aircraft turns 45 degrees from the outbound course, flies for a prescribed time or distance, then executes a 180 degree turn in the opposite direction to intercept the inbound course.[1]
This maneuver provides predictable geometry and is widely used when aircraft performance and airspace permit.
80/260
[edit]The 80/260 procedure turn consists of an initial 80 degree turn from the outbound course followed by a 260 degree turn in the opposite direction to intercept the inbound course.[1]
This maneuver results in a shorter ground track than the 45/180 and is often used where airspace is constrained or where a quicker course reversal is desirable.
30/210
[edit]The 30/210 procedure turn, commonly referred to as the teardrop procedure, involves a 30 degree turn from the outbound course followed by a 210 degree turn back toward the inbound course.[1]
This maneuver is frequently used when alignment with the inbound course can be achieved efficiently with minimal lateral displacement.
Holding in Lieu of
[edit]A holding pattern in lieu of a procedure turn (HILPT) replaces a conventional procedure turn and serves the same purpose of course reversal and aircraft alignment.[3]
When a HILPT is depicted, aircraft must enter and fly the holding pattern as published unless cleared otherwise. Descent and course reversal are conducted within the holding pattern’s protected airspace.