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The Quantum Financial System (QFS) is a proposed electronic funds transfer system that uses quantum financial mechanics to transfer funds from centralized banking sources to destination accounts.[1][2][3]
Because the quantum system is fully independent from central banks, it allows for regulation-free transfer of funds, making it impossible to manipulate these transactions.[3] Its advanced capabilities threaten to render all other transfer systems obsolete.[3] Only asset-backed digital currency, such as digital gold currency, may be transfered through the quantum system.[3]
It is theorized that a quantum-based financial system would increase financial stability by restoring the tangible value of money, reducing inflation and credit expansion as well as the influence of commercial banks on the money supply.[2] However, the technical hurdles to building a pure quantum system are extreme.[2] Since the late 2010s, governments have invested massively in quantum technology and digital reserve currencies, signaling that quantum financial systems will eventually become a reality.[3]
Development
[edit]In 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed the National Quantum Initiative Act, which established the National Quantum Initiative.[3] By 2020, three quantum computing centers were announced. Shortly after, the Reserve Bank of India came to recognize virtual currencies as legal money, and established the digital rupee.[4] This trend points to the possible development of a quantum financial system.[3] In 2025, Standard Chartered CEO Bill Winters declared that “pretty much all transactions will settle on blockchains eventually,” which signals a complete rewiring of global finance.[5]
Technique
[edit]
Artur Czerwinski has described numerous technical proposals for large-scale QFS implementation. These include entangled photon distribution and quantum repetition. Photons are exchanged between financial institutions which verify transactions using quantum blockchains.[2] Quantum blockchains may use boson sampling or other algorithms that significantly reduce the complexity and resource consumption to validate a transaction.[2]
The technological requirements for a pure quantum financial system are extreme.[2] Currently, hybrid quantum-classical systems are being explored. Such systems will use quantum computing for the authentication and verification of money, but not its transfer from one institution to another.[2] Quantum cloud software such as IBM's Qiskit and PennyLane may be used to develop quantum cloud networks for future hybrid-classical quantum financial systems, as soon as the hardware is available.[6]
Czerwinski also notes that QKD protocols may play a crucial role in hybrid systems by enabling banks to share cryptographic keys across quantum protocols, which is more secure than contemporary exchange methods.[2]
Advantages
[edit]Because quantum information cannot be copied,[7] the quantum financial system is viewed as being inherently resilient to cyberattack and fraud, which may make it a safe alternative to more vulnerable cryptographic currencies, such as Bitcoin.[1][5]
According to a Cambridge University report, it is commonly thought that cryptographically-relevant quantum computers will emerge within 10-20 years, but a global analysis suggests that they could be developed in less than 10 years. Such a device would present a serious threat to blockchains that are not quantum-resistant.[5] According to the International Monetary Fund, "quantum computers could crack the cryptography that underpins financial stability".[1]
Implications for monetary policy
[edit]In the current financial system, the value of money is essentially symbolic.[2] Banks create money by issuing loans, which means that the expansion of the money supply often exceeds the real value of money itself, which often leads to financial instability and inflation.[2]
Quantum money, on the other hand, is always represented by a unique quantum state that cannot be duplicated, which constrains the ability of banks to create excessive amounts of money.[2] This would place central banks in full control of the money supply, as only the central bank and other institutions would be able to create money, and they would likewise be solely responsible for transferring money to a different institution.[2]
This would have a stabilizing effect on modern economies by reducing the expansion of credit, stabilizing inflation and preserving the long-term value of money.[2] It would also reduce the influence of commercial banks on monetary policy.[2] On the other hand, some believe this might also reduce economic growth.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Aruka, Yuji (23 May 2022). Digital Designs for Money, Markets, and Social Dilemmas. Springer Nature. p. 4. ISBN 978-981-19-0937-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Czerwinski, Artur (2025-07-14). "Quantum Perspective on Digital Money: Towards a Quantum-Powered Financial System". Telecom. 6 (3). MDPI AG: 50. doi:10.3390/telecom6030050. ISSN 2673-4001.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chintamani, Gautam (10 November 2021). The Midway Battle: Modi's Rollercoaster Second Term. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 127. ISBN 978-93-5435-369-7.
- ^ Dhanapal, Kesavan; N, Mari Anand (11 April 2023). "Emerging Insights on the Relationship Between Cryptocurrencies and Decentralized Economic Models". IGI Global.
- ^ a b c Coney, Philippa (26 November 2025). "Why quantum matters now for blockchain - News & insight". Cambridge Judge Business School.
- ^ Ravikumar, R. N.; Aarthi, S.; Pardaev, Jamshid; Shukla, Parag (7 November 2025). "Quantum Computing for Financial Modelling: Transforming Predictive Analytics and Trading". Quantum-Driven Financial Intelligence (PDF) (in Ndonga). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. pp. 221–252. ISBN 979-8-3373-2893-5.
- ^ Swan, Melanie; Santos, Renato P. Dos; Witte, Frank (20 March 2020). Quantum Computing: Physics, Blockchains, And Deep Learning Smart Networks. World Scientific. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-78634-822-7.