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Emma Smedley

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Emma Smedley
Emma Smedley, from a 1919 publication
Born(1868-11-19)November 19, 1868
Media, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJanuary 1, 1944(1944-01-01) (aged 75)
Media, Pennsylvania, U.S.
OccupationsDietitian, educator

Emma Smedley (November 19, 1868 – January 1, 1944) was an American home economist and dietitian. As the first director of Philadelphia's pioneering public school lunch program,[1] she was known for her work on developing recipes and procedures for institutional food service.

Early life and education

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Smedley was from Media, Pennsylvania,[2] the daughter of Thomas Smedley and Philena Yarnall Smedley. Her family were Quakers. She graduated from Westtown School in 1881, and taught there as a young woman.[3]

Career

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Smedley taught domestic science at Drexel Institute, and was director of dietetics at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing. In 1909 she became the first director of Philadelphia's public school lunch program.[4] The program provided "good, substantial and nourishing food" to thousands of children every school day,[5] and became a model for school districts nationwide.[6] "Miss Smedley's blue eyes dance with enthusiasm and whole-souled interest in her work as she talks", noted a 1915 profile, which also described her as "one of the highest paid women holding office in the city".[5] The program also served suppers to night-school students, mostly working teenagers.[5] Typical offerings included milk, bread, soup, fruit, crackers, and a dessert such as cookies, ice cream or chocolate, with small servings sold for a penny.[7]

During World War I, Smedley led the school kitchens in food conservation, personally overseeing the drying and canning of fruits and vegetables to extend their shelf life.[8] "We find that properly prepared lunches save the state money, by keeping the children in better health and thus increasing their attendance at school," she explained in 1930.[6] Her position as longterm sole supervisor of such a large program drew scrutiny; the Board of Education commissioned an investigation in 1931. Investigators found Smedley had acted ethically, but still recommended that the board take more responsibility for overseeing program priorities, planning, and expenditures.[9] She lectured about her work, and trained school dietitians in other cities.[10][11] She retired from the school district in 1932.[12]

Smedley was treasurer of the American Dietetic Association during the presidency of Lulu Grace Graves.[13][14] In 1934, she was elected president of the Pennsylvania Dietetic Association.[15] She was also one of the founders of the American Home Economics Association.[12]

Publications

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  • Dietary Studies in Public Institutions in Philadelphia, Pa. (1910, with Robert Denniston Milner)[16]
  • "High School Lunches Under School Board Control" (1913)[17]
  • Institution Recipes for Use in Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, and Other Institutions (1912)[18][19]
  • The School Lunch: Its Organization and Management in Philadelphia (1920)[20]
  • Institution Recipes in Use at Johns Hopkins Hospital
  • Institutional Recipes, Standardized in Large Quantities (1924)

Personal life

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Smedley died in 1944, at the age of 75, in Media.[12]

References

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  1. ^ Lehmkuhl, Vance (2001-09-05). "Food fit for a kid that will keep a kid fit". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 34. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ "Personals" The Westonian 5(6)(June 1899): 114.
  3. ^ "Friends Talk on Education". The Jeffersonian. 1907-05-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ Martin, Josephine; Oakley, Charlotte (2008). Managing Child Nutrition Programs: Leadership for Excellence. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-0-7637-3390-2.
  5. ^ a b c "School Lunch System of Education Board Here Proves Success". Evening Public Ledger. 1915-10-16. p. 6. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ a b Dalrymple, Dolly (1930-05-29). "Philadelphia Woman, Authority on The School Lunch, Well Liked Here". The Birmingham News. p. 6. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Simple Diets Favored by School Dietitian; Miss Emma Smedley is Mother to 150,000 Children". The Toronto Star. 1930-07-10. p. 22. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Preparing Food for Hungry School Army; City 'House Mother' Cans and Dries Food". Evening Public Ledger. 1917-06-27. p. 8. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "School Cafeteria Control Approved". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1931-12-03. p. 2. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Lecture Series on Lunch Rooms Set; Miss Emma Smedley to Open Classes Here to Train School Dietitians". The Birmingham News. 1930-04-02. p. 9. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Proper Diet for Teachers; Dietitian Gives Suggestions for Selecting Food in Faculty Lunchroom". Bridgeport Telegram. 1922-11-15. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ a b c "Obituary for Emma Smedley". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1944-01-04. p. 25. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Will Meet in Cincinnati" Hospital Management 6(6)(January 1919): 27.
  14. ^ "American Dietetic Association Will Meet" Hospital Management (1919): 40.
  15. ^ "Philadelphia Woman is Named by Association". The Times-Tribune. 1934-06-04. p. 14. Retrieved 2025-12-09 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ Dietary Studies in Public Institutions in Philadelphia, Pa. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1910.
  17. ^ Smedley, Emma (1913). "High School Lunches Under School Board Control" Fourth International Congress on School Hygiene, pp. 25-30.
  18. ^ Emma Smedley. Institution recipes for use in schools, colleges, hospitals and other ... Harvard University. Emma Smedley, 1912.
  19. ^ "'Instiitution Recipes' in Third Edition". Hospital Management. 8 (5): 47. December 1919 – via Internet Archive.
  20. ^ Smedley, Emma (1920). The School Lunch: Its Organization and Management in Philadelphia. Emma Smedley.