Encephalomyelitis

Encephalomyelitis
Specialty	Neurology

Encephalomyelitis is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Various types of encephalomyelitis include:

• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection.^[1][2]
• Encephalomyelitis disseminata, a synonym for multiple sclerosis.
• AntiMOG associated encephalomyelitis, one of the underlying conditions for the phenotype neuromyelitis optica^[3][4] and in general all the spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases.^[5]
• Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis: a group of viral illnesses that can affect horses and humans; collectively termed Equine encephalitis.
• Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of brain inflammation.
• Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) – A kind of stiff person syndrome.
• AIDS-related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection.^[6]
• Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, a disabling chronic illness

References

1. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases
2. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis at NINDS
3. Pröbstel AK; et al. (Mar 2015). "Anti-MOG antibodies are present in a subgroup of patients with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype". J Neuroinflammation. 12 (1): 46.
4. Spadaro Melania; et al. (2015). "Histopathology and clinical course of MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2 (3): 295–301. doi:10.1002/acn3.164.
5. Reindl M, Di Pauli F, Rostásy K, Berger T (Aug 2013). "The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases". Nat Rev Neurol. 9 (8): 455–61. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.118. PMID 23797245.
6. S. M. de la Monte, MD, MPH, D. D. Ho, MD, R. T. Schooley, MD, M. S. Hirsch, MD and E. P. Richardson Jr., MD (1987). "Subacute encephalomyelitis of AIDS and its relation to HTLV‐III infection". Neurology. 37 (4): 562. doi:10.1212/WNL.37.4.562.

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