This image is in the public domain in the United States because it was first published outside the United States prior to January 1, 1931. Other jurisdictions have other rules. Also note that this image may not be in the public domain in the 9th Circuit if it was first published on or after July 1, 1909 in noncompliance with US formalities, unless the author is known to have died in 1955 or earlier (more than 70 years ago) or the work was created in 1905 or earlier (more than 120 years ago.)^[1]