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First premiership of Shinzo Abe

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Shinzo Abe
First Premiership of Shinzo Abe
26 September 2006 – 26 September 2007
Monarch
CabinetFirst Abe cabinet
PartyLiberal Democratic
SeatNaikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei
ConstituencyYamaguchi 4th
← Junichiro Koizumi
Yasuo Fukuda →

Emblem of the Government of Japan

Shinzo Abe's first tenure as prime minister of Japan began on 26 September 2006 when he was officially appointed prime minister by Emperor Akihito in a ceremony at the Tokyo Imperial Palace. In 2007, he initiated the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue with the US, Australia, and India, aimed at resisting China's rise as a superpower. He resigned as premier that year due to his government's unpopularity and illness.

First Cabinet (2006–2007)

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Main article: First Abe cabinet
See also: 2006 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election

On 26 September 2006, Abe was inaugurated as Japanese prime minister.[1] Elected at age 52, he was the youngest prime minister since Fumimaro Konoe in 1941.[2] He was also the first prime minister born after World War II.[3] Abe's first cabinet was announced on 26 September 2006. The only minister retained in his position from the previous Koizumi cabinet was Foreign Minister Tarō Asō, who had been one of Abe's competitors for the LDP presidency. In addition to the cabinet positions existing under Koizumi, Abe created five new "advisor" positions. He reshuffled his cabinet on 27 August 2007.[4] Commentators noted that these changes seemed to be an effort by Abe to organize the Prime Minister's office into something more akin to the White House.[5]

The New York Times observed that his cabinet appeared to place a larger emphasis on foreign policy and national security instead of domestic concerns like economic policy. It also speculated that Abe's primary goal may have been to revise the pacifist constitution.[5]

Domestic policy

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Abe expressed a general commitment to the reforms instituted by his predecessor, Junichiro Koizumi.[2] He took some steps toward balancing the Japanese budget, such as appointing a tax policy expert, Kōji Omi, as minister of finance. Omi previously supported increases in the national consumption tax, although Abe distanced himself from this policy and sought to achieve much of his budget-balancing through spending cuts.[6] He started using the term "re-challenge" (再チャレンジ), emphasizing the need to give all Japanese second chances to succeed. Accordingly, Abe convened an advisory council to draft reforms to promote new opportunities for the disadvantaged. Lawmakers close to Abe, led by Yoshihide Suga, launched the Parliamentary League in Support of Re-Challenge.[7]: 113–114  On 23 October 2006, Abe stated he was looking for some LDP members who were expelled for opposing Koizumi's privatization of Japan Post back to the party, which caused a decline in his popularity. Eventually, Abe sought a compromise by requiring those who were expelled that want to return to sign loyalty pledges.[7]: 127 

Since 1997, as the bureau chief of the "Institute of Junior Assembly Members Who Think About the Outlook of Japan and History Education", Abe supported the controversial Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform and the New History Textbook.[8] In March 2007, Abe, along with right-wing politicians, proposed a bill to encourage nationalism and a "love for one's country and hometown" among the Japanese youth (specific wording from the revised "Fundamental Law of Education" 教育基本法, which was revised to include "love of country").[9]

In March 2007, Abe stated that there was no evidence that the Japanese military had forced women into sexual slavery during World War II, which the Japanese government had admitted and apologized for in the 1992 Kono Statement.[10] Responding to a potential motion by the US Congress encouraging Japan to acknowledge the atrocity, Abe stated that the Japanese government would not apologize again.[11] Abe held conservative views in the Japanese succession controversy. Shortly after the birth of Prince Hisahito of Akishino, he abandoned a proposed legislative amendment to permit women to inherit the Chrysanthemum Throne.[12]

Foreign policy

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See also: List of international prime ministerial trips made by Shinzo Abe § First premiership (2006–2007)
Abe with United States president George W. Bush at the G8 summit in Heiligendamm, Germany, 2007

North Korea

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Abe generally took a hard-line stance on North Korea, especially regarding the North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens.[13][14][15] In 2002 negotiations between Japan and North Korea, Prime Minister Koizumi and general secretary Kim Jong-il agreed to give abductees permission to visit Japan. A few weeks into the visit, the Japanese government decided that the abductees would be restricted from returning to North Korea where their families live. Abe took credit for this policy decision in his bestselling book, Towards a Beautiful Nation (美しい国へ, Utsukushii kuni e). North Korea criticized this Japanese decision as a breach of a diplomatic promise, and the negotiations were aborted.

East and Southeast Asia

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Abe publicly recognized the need for improved relations with China and, along with Foreign Minister Tarō Asō, sought an eventual summit meeting with General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese president Hu Jintao.[16] Abe also said that China–Japan relations should not continue to be based on "emotions".[17]

Abe was respected among some politicians in the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan), most notably those who are part of the Pan-Green Coalition seeking Taiwanese independence. Chen Shui-bian welcomed Abe's ministership.[18] Part of Abe's appeal in Taiwan was historical; his grandfather Nobusuke Kishi was an anti-communist who supported Chiang Kai-shek's government after the government retreated to the island, and his great-uncle Eisaku Satō was the last prime minister to visit Taiwan while in office.[18]

Abe expressed the need to strengthen political, security, and economic ties with Southeast Asian countries. Although China is not within the Southeast Asian region, Japan has also sought its support. However, relations with China and the ROC continue to be tarnished by the Senkaku Islands dispute and Abe's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine.

India

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Abe, in his four terms as the prime minister of Japan, sought to upgrade the strategic Japan–India relationship.[19] Abe initiated the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue between Japan, the United States, Australia, and India in 2007, which was seen as a counter to China's rising power.[20] His three-day visit to India in August 2007 inaugurated a new bilateral Asian alliance, building on the long history of friendly bilateral relations between India and Japan. Abe's initiative was to establish the "fifth" bilateral link in an emerging scenario, whereby, the US–Australia, US–Japan, Japan–Australia, and the US–India links are supportive strategic alignments. A sixth link of India-Australia would be the logical corollary, formalized as a new quadrilateral of a strategic bulwark. The eventual expansion to include Vietnam, South Korea, the Philippines, and Indonesia in this arrangement has been speculated in the media of those states. Chinese strategic experts have labeled the evolving geo-strategic paradigm, the "Asian NATO".[21] Abe's pragmatic India foreign policy was to boost Japan's resurgent economic indicators while gaining a crucial partner in Asia.[22]

Defense

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Abe sought to revise or broaden the interpretation of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution in order to permit Japan to maintain de jure military forces. He stated that "we are reaching the limit in narrowing down differences between Japan's security and the interpretation of our constitution".[23] During his first period as prime minister, he upgraded the Japan Defense Agency to full ministry status.[24] Like his predecessors, he supported the Japanese alliance with the United States.[1] Abe supported the US-led Iraq War.[25][26]

Resignation

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See also: 2007 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
Abe resigned as prime minister in September 2007 (pictured).

In the lead-up to the July election, Abe's Agriculture Minister Toshikatsu Matsuoka committed suicide following a series of political funding scandals. He was the first cabinet member to commit suicide since World War II.[27] Abe's ruling Liberal Democratic Party suffered great losses in the upper house election, losing control for the first time in 52 years. Agricultural minister, Norihiko Akagi, involved in a political funding scandal, resigned after the election. Additionally, Abe's rejection of a possible female Japanese monarch, which led to the Japanese succession controversy, diminished his support base.[28][29] In an attempt to revive his administration, Abe announced a new cabinet in August 2007. Support for Abe rose by 10 percent as a result; however, the new agricultural minister Takehiko Endo, involved in a finance scandal, resigned only seven days later.[30]

On 12 September 2007, only three days after a new parliamentary session had begun, Abe announced his intention to resign his position as prime minister at an unscheduled press conference.[31][32] The announcement came just minutes before opposition leaders were scheduled to question him in Parliament and shocked many. Abe had described himself as a "politician who fights" and previously pledged not to resign.[33] Abe explained that his unpopularity was hindering the passage of an anti-terrorism law, involving among other things Japan's continued military presence in Afghanistan. Party officials also said the embattled prime minister was suffering from poor health.[34]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Abe elected as new Japan premier". BBC News. 26 September 2006. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Abe Is Chosen as Japan's Youngest Leader in 65 Years". Bloomberg L.P. 26 September 2006. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2006.
  3. ^ "Who is Shinzo Abe, ex-Japan prime minister? 8 things to know". Hindustan Times. 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Abe attempts to save his LDP with Cabinet reshuffle". Japan News Reviews. 27 August 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b Fackler, Martin (26 September 2006). "Abe Is Elected Japanese Prime Minister". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Japan's Abe Unexpectedly Names Omi Finance Minister" Archived 17 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg L.P., 26 September 2006.
  7. ^ a b Harris, Tobias (2020). The Iconoclast: Shinzo Abe and the New Japan. Hurst. ISBN 978-1787383104.
  8. ^ "Japanese Textbook Controversies, Nationalism, and Historical Memory: Intra- and Inter-national Conflicts". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 15 June 2009. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Japan PM Abe's base aims to restore past religious, patriotic values". Reuters. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  10. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (2 March 2007). "Abe Rejects Japan's Files on War Sex". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  11. ^ McKurry, Justin (5 March 2007). "Japan rules out new apology to 'comfort women'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  12. ^ "Report: Japan to drop plan to allow female monarch". USA Today. Associated Press. 3 January 2007. ISSN 0734-7456. Retrieved 26 December 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  13. ^ Motoko, Rich (5 September 2017). "Trump's Phone Buddy in North Korea Crisis: Shinzo Abe". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  14. ^ "North Korea to probe decades-old Japanese abductions". BBC News. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  15. ^ Edelman, Adam (11 June 2018). "Japanese citizens simply vanished. North Korea had abducted them. But why?". NBC News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  16. ^ "Abe takes reins in Japan". CNN. 26 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  17. ^ Japan's Abe Says Talks Needed to Improve Ties With China, South Korea VOA News
  18. ^ a b "安倍新政権に期待 親台派の印象強く". Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 26 September 2006. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013.
  19. ^ Ankit Panda (8 January 2014). "India-Japan Defense Ministers Agree To Expand Strategic Cooperation". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  20. ^ "Australia has been in a stalemate with China, but that could be about to change". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Abe calls for strategic ties between Japan, India". Nerve.in. 22 August 2007. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  22. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (31 August 2007). "Decades After War Trials, Japan Still Honors a Dissenting Judge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  23. ^ New Japanese Leader Looks to Expand Nation's Military Archived 3 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, NewsHour, 20 September 2006.
  24. ^ BBC website Japan upgrades its defence agency, BBC, 9 January 2007.
  25. ^ "Japan minister: Iraq war a mistake". Al Jazeera. 25 January 2007. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  26. ^ "Japan extends support for U.S. in Iraq war". Reuters. 15 May 2007. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  27. ^ Sieg, Linda Sieg; Nishiyama, George (27 May 2007). "Japan minister commits suicide, adds to PM's woes". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Report: Japan to drop plan to allow female monarch". USA Today. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  29. ^ "The Emperor and Prime Minister Abe: A Decade of Crossed Wires". nippon.com. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2025.
  30. ^ "Japan farm minister resigns". Al Jazeera. 3 September 2007. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  31. ^ "Embattled Japanese PM stepping down" CBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2007. Archived 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "Japanese prime minister resigns" BBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2007. [1]
  33. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (13 September 2007). "Premier's Resignation Leaves Japan in Disarray". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  34. ^ "Why Did Prime Minister Abe Shinzo Resign? Crippling Diarrhea" Archived 12 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, JapanProbe.com, 12 January 2008.