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For the Empire F type coaster, see MV Flexity.
Flexity
A Flexity Classic tram in Kassel, Germany
Stock typeTram
ManufacturerBombardier Transportation, Alstom (2021–2024)

The Alstom Flexity (sold as the Bombardier Flexity before 2021, stylized in all caps) was a family of trams, streetcars, and light rail vehicles manufactured by Bombardier Transportation until 2021, when French company Alstom took over Bombardier. As of 2015, more than 3,500 Flexity vehicles are in operation around the world in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and North America in 100 cities among 20 countries internationally.[1] Production of the vehicles was done at Bombardier's global production plants,[2] and by local manufacturers worldwide through technology transfer agreements.[3]

Within Alstom, the Flexity supplemented the Citadis range. Third-party competitors included Siemens Mobility's Combino, Avanto and Avenio, Stadler Rail's Tango and Variobahn, CAF's Urbos, and AnsaldoBreda (now Hitachi Rail Italy)'s Sirio globally, and Siemens USA's S70/S700, U2, SD-100, SD-160, SD-400, SD-460, and S200, along with LRVs and streetcars from Kinki Sharyo, Hyundai Rotem, Brookville Equipment Corporation and Škoda/Inekon/United Streetcar in North America.

Overview

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Eurotram in Strasbourg

Flexity trams and LRVs usually belonged to one of six standard models. Manufactured from corrosion-resistant carbon steel and featuring driver's cabs made with glass-reinforced plastic,[4] they have a modular design that is customizable to meet specific operators' demands, including a variety of track gauges and voltages. The modules can also be replaced easily in case of damage.[4]

Flexity trams could be built for both bi-directional and uni-directional systems. A low-floor design with multi-purpose areas was standard on most models, allowing easy access to the vehicles for wheelchair users. There were also high-floor configurations for Flexity LRVs, and they could be designed for tram-train operations.

Name Floor Direction Top speed Width Length
Flexity 2 100% low-floor Bidirectional 70 km/h
(43 mph) 		2.3–2.65 m
(7 ft 6+1⁄2 in – 8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		32.5 m
(106 ft 7+1⁄2 in)
Flexity Classic 65–74% low-floor Bidirectional
or unidirectional 		70–80 km/h
(43–50 mph) 		21–45 m
(68 ft 10+3⁄4 in – 147 ft 7+5⁄8 in)
Flexity Outlook 100% low-floor 65–80 km/h (40–50 mph) 27–43.4 m
(88 ft 7 in – 142 ft 4+5⁄8 in)
Flexity Swift 70–76% low-floor or 100% high-floor Bidirectional 70–100 km/h
(43–62 mph) 		25–42 m
(82 ft 1⁄4 in – 137 ft 9+1⁄2 in)
Flexity Link 50% low-floor 100 km/h
(62 mph) 		37 m
(121 ft 4+3⁄4 in)
Flexity Freedom 100% low-floor 80 km/h (50 mph) 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		30.8 m
(101 ft 5⁄8 in)

Flexity 2

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Flexity 2 in Blackpool
Main article: Flexity 2

As Bombardier's premium tram model,[5] the Flexity 2 tram was a 100% low-floor vehicle with improved corrosion resistance, impact protection, energy efficiency, and a more spacious interior resulting from the reduction of its sidewall widths.[6] It was also compatible with Bombardier's PRIMOVE conductive battery charging system. These vehicles are currently used in Blackpool, Gold Coast, Basel, and Antwerp, among others.

Flexity Classic

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Flexity Classic in Frankfurt
Main article: Flexity Classic

Being of a traditional appearance but with the same design features and technology as other vehicles,[1] the 70% low floor Flexity Classic requires comparatively less maintenance compared to other Flexity tram models.[7] They were primarily focused on providing high-capacity public transport in densely spaced urban areas. These vehicles are currently used in Adelaide, Dortmund, Dresden, Essen, Frankfurt and Kassel, among others.

Flexity Outlook

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Flexity Outlook from Brussels (on a demonstration line in Vancouver)
Main articles: Flexity Outlook and Socimi Eurotram

With a 100% low floor,[1] the Flexity Outlook range encompassed two different designs: the Eurotram and Cityrunner. The Eurotram was originally conceived by Socimi of Italy as a distinctive, train-like tramcar with large windows and modules with both powered and unpowered bogies,[8] while the Cityrunner has a more conventional appearance, but is highly customizable and is future proof with its easily repairable modules. These vehicles are currently used in Strasbourg, Porto, Brussels, and Marseille, among others. Toronto operates a customized variant of the Flexity Outlook.

Flexity Swift

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Flexity Swift in Cologne
Main article: Flexity Swift

Designed as a bi-directional low or high-floor light rail vehicle,[1] the Flexity Swift was conceived for use on high-speed interurban railways and light metros,[9] with different body lengths and the ability to form multiple unit sets and be constructed to meet high crashworthiness standards. These vehicles are currently used in Cologne, Frankfurt, Minneapolis, London, and Manchester, among others.

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Flexity Link in Saarbrücken

The Flexity Link tram-train has dual voltage capabilities and is compatible with mainline railway regulations (e.g. BOStrab) that permit operation on both urban tram networks and mainline railways, reducing transport infrastructure costs. Although this particular model is only used in Saarbrücken,[10] a recent order has been made for dual-voltage Flexity Swift vehicles in Karlsruhe, where the tram-train concept was pioneered.[11]

Flexity Freedom

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Flexity Freedom in Kitchener-Waterloo
Main article: Flexity Freedom

The Flexity Freedom is targeted at the North American market.[12] Like the rest of Bombardier's Flexity models, it is locally made out of 100% low-floor modules, and features the same multiple unit capability as the Flexity Swift, with air conditioning and an easily configurable interior layout. Designed for the Transit City network in Toronto, Kitchener-Waterloo and other LRT projects in Ontario,[13] the model was also selected for Edmonton's Valley Line[14] and was being marketed by Bombardier for future orders within North America.

Customized solutions

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Flexity Berlin in Berlin
Flexity Wien in Vienna
Flexity Outlook in Toronto

Variants of Bombardier's Flexity trams and streetcars have been specially designed for use in certain cities, such as Berlin, Vienna, and Toronto.[15]

Berlin

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Main article: Bombardier Flexity Berlin

The Flexity Berlin was developed for the Berlin tram network, and is based on the older Incentro model developed by Adtranz. With a full 100% low floor interior, both uni-directional and bi-directional versions are used with either five or seven sections.[16]

Vienna

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The Flexity Wien [de] was developed for the Vienna tram network. Derived from the Flexity Berlin with elements of the Flexity 2 line, it is a five-section, 100% low-floor, uni-directional tram with a floor height of 215 millimeters, permitting sidewalk-level boarding in line with the Siemens ULF.[17]

Toronto

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Main article: Flexity Outlook (Toronto streetcar)

A derivative of the Flexity Outlook was created for the Toronto streetcar system to replace the aging CLRVs and ALRVs built by UTDC.[18] It is five-section, air-conditioned, built to the TTC's unique track gauge of 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm) TTC gauge, and fully compatible with the existing network. They are unique in that they are equipped with both a trolley pole and a pantograph, in order to facilitate the gradual adoption of the pantograph for the TTC's overhead wire system.

Other models

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Bombardier has also manufactured other models of tram which they do not place in the Flexity family,[15] including the Cobra for Zürich and the Incentro for Nantes and Nottingham. These models are no longer in production and have been succeeded by Flexity vehicles.

Legacy models

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Following Alstom's acquisition of Bombardier Transportation in 2021,[19] several versions of the Flexity range continued to be built and ordered as a legacy model for cities that had continuing orders from before the acquisition,[20] or for orders of trams based on former Bombardier designs.[21] This continued until 2024, when all Flexity vehicles built during this period were retroactively rebranded into Alstom's own Citadis Classic range, thus signalling the end of the Flexity brand.[22]

Flexity-branded vehicles built by/ordered from Alstom (2021-2024)
City Image Type Quantity Year(s) built Notes
Dresden Flexity Citytram Low-Floor[23] 33 (+7 ordered)[24] 2021-2024, 2025 Locally designated NGT-DXDD.[25]
Melbourne Flexity Swift 50 2016-2021 Locally designated E2-class. Production started by Bombardier, completed by Alstom[20]
Gothenburg Flexity Swift 40 2019-2023 Locally designated M33. Production started by Bombardier, completed by Alstom[26][27]
60 2024-2026 Locally designated M34.[28][29]
Magdeburg Flexity Classic (also called Flexity Magdeburg)[30] 35[31] 2024-2027 Locally designated NGT-10D.[30]
Duisburg Flexity Classic 54 2020-present Locally designated DVG-NF4. Production started by Bombardier,[32] continued by Alstom
Graz Flexity Graz [de] 15[33][34] 2025-present

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Light Rail Vehicles - Trams and LRV". Bombardier Transportation. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  2. ^ Lucas, Clay (28 September 2010). "Dandenong plant to build 50 trams". The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  3. ^ Briginshaw, David (5 July 2012). "Bombardier licenses LRV design to CSR in China". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Bombardier Flexity Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs)". Railway Technology. Kable Intelligence Limited. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  5. ^ "Flexity 2 Trams - Light Rail Vehicles". Bombardier Transportation. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  6. ^ "Worldwide Launch of Bombardier FLEXITY 2 Tram". MarketWired. Bombardier Transportation. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  7. ^ "Low floor Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs) for Frankfurt am Main (Germany)". VerkehrsConsult Dresden–Berlin GmbH. Retrieved 8 July 2015.[dead link]
  8. ^ "Eurotram". Memim. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  9. ^ "Rotterdam to receive additional Bombardier FLEXITY vehicles". Euro Transport Magazine. Russell Publishing Limited. Bombardier Transportation. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  10. ^ "FLEXITY Link - Saarbrücken, Germany". Bombardier Transportation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  11. ^ "From the LRTA – Karlsruhe orders Bombardier TramTrains". Rail for the Valley. WordPress. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  12. ^ "Flexity Freedom - Light Rail Vehicles". Bombardier Transportation. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  13. ^ Bowen, Douglas John (12 July 2013). "Waterloo opts for Bombardier LRVs". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  14. ^ Barrow, Keith (28 Mar 2018). "First Edmonton Valley Line LRV revealed". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing, Inc. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  15. ^ a b "Customized Solutions - Light Rail Vehicles". Bombardier Transportation. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  16. ^ "Bombardier Flexity Berlin Trams Have Been Chosen to Modernise the Strausberg, Germany, Tram System". Mass Transit Magazine. Bombardier Transportation. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  17. ^ Bernhardt, Jens (26 February 2020). "More Bombardier Flexity Wien trams in service in Vienna – the end of the classic E1 trams?". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  18. ^ Bow, James. "The Toronto Flexity Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs)". Transit Toronto. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  19. ^ "A transformational step for Alstom: completion of the acquisition of Bombardier Transportation". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  20. ^ a b "Alstom delivers 100th Flexity light rail vehicle to world's largest tram network in Melbourne". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  21. ^ "Alstom and Magdeburger Verkehrsbetriebe sign contract for the delivery of new Flexity trams". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  22. ^ "Citadis Classic articulated tram: High-quality and proven trams for European brownfield networks". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  23. ^ "Erster neuer Stadtbahnwagen für Dresden vorgestellt". Alstom (in German). Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  24. ^ "Now 40 new trams for Dresden: Additional order for Alstom". Urban Transport Magazine. 2024-08-11. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  25. ^ "All 30 new light rail vehicles for Dresden ready to use". Urban Transport Magazine. 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  26. ^ "Alstom successfully delivers the 40th Flexity light rail vehicle to Gothenburg in Sweden". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  27. ^ "Gothenburg: Kiepe Electric and Alstom hand over the 40th new M33 Light Rail". Urban Transport Magazine. 2024-01-09. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  28. ^ "The new trams now being delivered to Gothenburg, Sweden". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  29. ^ "Superspårvagnen: The first new 45-metre trams from Alstom and Kiepe are in service in Gothenburg". Urban Transport Magazine. 2025-01-22. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  30. ^ a b "Magdeburg: New Flexity tram starts passenger service". Urban Transport Magazine. 2025-09-11. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  31. ^ "Alstom and Magdeburger Verkehrsbetriebe sign contract for the delivery of new Flexity trams". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  32. ^ "First Bombardier Flexity tram delivered to Duisburg". Urban Transport Magazine. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  33. ^ "Alstom and Holding Graz: Official contract signing for 15 Flexity trams with design presentation". Alstom. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
  34. ^ "New trams, a new route and more plans in Graz". Urban Transport Magazine. 2025-12-10. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flexity.