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George Musulin

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George Musulin
Musulin in German-occupied Yugoslavia
during World War II
Birth nameGeorge S. Musulin
NicknameGuv
Born(1914-04-09)April 9, 1914
New York, NY, U.S.
DiedFebruary 23, 1987(1987-02-23) (aged 72)
Allegiance United States
Branch
Service years1942–1950
RankCaptain (OSS)
Service number0519461
Unit
Known forOperation Halyard
ConflictsWorld War II
AwardsLegion of Merit
Alma materUniversity of Pittsburgh (BA)
Other workCentral Intelligence Agency
(1950–1974)

George "Guv" S. Musulin (April 9, 1914 – February 23, 1987) was a Serbian-American army and navy officer of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and Office of Naval Intelligence during World War II, who later became an operative of the Central Intelligence Agency.[1]

Early life

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George Musulin was born into a Serbian family in New York City and grew up in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of Pittsburgh, where he played with the university's football team during their national championship year of 1937.[2] After college he played professional American football in Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and Chicago.[3]

Second World War

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Main article: Operation Halyard

Musulin became a captain in the OSS during the Second World War.[4] In mid-October 1943, Musulin, as part of a U.S. military mission, parachuted into Yugoslavia to the headquarters of General Draža Mihailović. In January 1944, Musulin was a delegate on the Ba Congress organized by Mihailović.[5]

On 29 May 1944, Musulin, aided by Chetniks, was evacuated along with the British and American mission and 40 rescued Allied airmen to Bari, leaving General Mihailović without support. In Bari, Musulin proposed another rescue of American airmen shot down over Yugoslavia. He again parachuted into Chetnik territory, near the village of Pranjani, where there were several hundred American airmen rescued by Chetnik forces and hidden from the Germans. Musulin successfully commanded the airlift Operation Halyard, the rescue from the air of about 447 U.S. airmen from Nazi-occupied Yugoslavia, from 10 to 29 August 1944.[6] Although this operation was successful due to cooperation from General Mihailović, Musulin had been ordered not to give the Chetniks political promises, an order he violated when he allowed members of General Mihailović's political mission to board the plane. At this time the British were the main Allied authority in the Mediterranean, and their Special Operations Executive (SOE) complained to Musulin's superiors in the OSS, who decided to expel him from the service. In late 1944 Musulin was transferred to the Far East as part of the naval intelligence service,[7] where he stayed until the end of the war.

Post-war years

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After the war, the CIA conducted its own investigation into Musulin, which concluded that he had acted appropriately and that he had been the victim of James Klugmann and other British agents in the SOE with communist sympathies. For his efforts, Musulin was awarded the Legion of Merit.[8][9]

Musulin enlisted in the Office of Naval Intelligence and joined the Central Intelligence Agency in 1950, where he remained until he retired in 1974. Musulin continued to serve as a field operations officer. He was part of a team that was responsible for recruiting and training Cuban exiles to fight against the regime of Fidel Castro. He was disappointed with the failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the loss of human life.[citation needed]

Musulin died of complications of diabetes at the age of 72.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "G.S. Musulin, Who Got G.I.'s Out of Yugoslavia, Dies at 72". The New York Times. February 26, 1987.
  2. ^ "UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 1937 FOOTBALL TEAM PHOTO" (photo). blujay.com. 1937.
  3. ^ "George Musulin; Led Airlift That Rescued Fliers in World War II". Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. February 28, 1987. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  4. ^ "93-year-old's WWII feats are hidden no longer". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  5. ^ (Vesović & Nikolić 1996, p. 57):"Конгресу је присуствовао и Џорџ Мусулин, делегат амери- чке војске и председника Рузвелта."
  6. ^ "Operation Halyard" (PDF). legionpost146.org. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
  7. ^ "Withdrawal of George Musulin". Halyard Mission Foundation. 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
  8. ^ "Heroes of Halyard mission - George Musulin". Halyard Mission Foundation. 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
  9. ^ "Captain George Musulin awarded the Legion of Merit for command of Halyard Mission". generalmihailovich.com. September 20, 2006. Retrieved January 23, 2026. George S. Musulin, 0519461, 1st Lieutenant, AUS, Office of Strategic Services, while attached to Company B, 2677th Regiment, OSS (Provisional), for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services.

Bibliography

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