Heartbeat Protection Act

Heartbeat Protection Act
Florida Legislature
Citation	Chapter n. 2023-21
Signed by	Governor Ron DeSantis
Signed	April 13, 2023
Effective	May 1, 2024
Legislative history
Bill citation	Senate Bill 300
Introduced by	Erin Grall
Passed	April 3, 2023
Passed	April 13, 2023

The Heartbeat Protection Act (Senate Bill 300 or SB 300) is a Florida state law passed in 2023 that criminalizes abortion after 6 weeks of gestation.^[1] The law went into effect May 1, 2024, after being adopted in 2023. Under Florida’s current abortion ban, it is nearly impossible for most women to access an abortion.^[2][3] Florida's ban provides no exceptions for rape or incest after 15 weeks' gestation,^[1] which is eleven weeks after a missed period.

History

The bill was introduced by Erin Grall in the Florida House of Representatives on March 13, 2023.

Many experts concur that the vast majority of sexual assault victims do not report their assault,^[4] often out of fear of retaliation, feelings of shame and experiencing trauma, concern for having to relive their experiences before law enforcement or a court, and the need for time and space to heal and feel safe. Florida's abortion ban has no real exception for a fatal fetal abnormality that is discovered later in pregnancy, after approximately twenty weeks from the pregnant woman's first missed period.^[1] Florida's abortion ban contains a very narrow exception to “save the pregnant woman's life or avert a serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function - This determination must be made by two physicians, certified in writing.^[1]

Florida's ban also criminalizes the delivery of abortion pills through the mail and criminalizes telehealth appointments.^[1]

Florida's abortion ban imposes legal penalties for doctors who violate the ban by making it a third-degree felony with up to five years in prison, up to a $5000 fine, and potentially losing their medical license. The ban states that "any person who willfully performs, or actively participates in, a termination of pregnancy in violation" of the law "commits a felony of the third-degree." Unlike many other states, Florida's ban does not clearly exempt pregnant women themselves from criminal prosecution.^[1]

The bill passed the Florida Legislature on April 13, 2023. Governor Ron DeSantis signed it into law on the same day in a meeting behind closed-doors with a few selected guests.^[5][6][7]

Legislative history

• 
  House of Representatives vote

    Republican YEA (70)

    Republican NAY (7)

    Democratic NAY (33)

    No Vote (9)
• 
  Senate vote

    Republican YEA (26)

    Republican NAY (2)

    Democratic NAY (11)

    No Vote (1)

References

1. "Florida Statutes Section 390.0111 - Termination of pregnancies". Florida Legislature. 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2025.
2. Simmons-Duffin, Selena (May 1, 2024). "Why is a 6-week abortion ban nearly a total ban? It's about how we date a pregnancy". NPR. Retrieved October 31, 2025.
3. Chiu, Doris W.; Bernstein, Anna; Cartwright, Alice F.; Jones, Rachel K. (October 3, 2024). "Why Six-Week Abortion Bans Make It Impossible for Many People to Get Care". Guttmacher Institute. Retrieved October 24, 2025.
4. Felix, Mabel; Sobel, Laurie; Salganicoff, Alina (August 7, 2024). "A Closer Look at Rape and Incest Exceptions in States with Abortion Bans and Early Gestational Restrictions". KFF. Retrieved October 24, 2025.
5. "Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signs six-week abortion ban into law". April 13, 2023 – via BBC.
6. Greenwood, Max (April 15, 2023). "DeSantis faces political quagmire on abortion". The Hill.
7. "Florida Governor Desantis signs 6-week abortion ban law". Reuters. April 14, 2023 – via www.reuters.com.