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Not to be confused with Union for Homeland.
Homeland Force
Fuerza Patria
Alternative nameUnion for the Homeland
Spanish: Unión por la Patria
(until 2025)[1][2]
AbbreviationFP[3]
UxP[4]
LeadersCristina Fernández de Kirchner
Axel Kicillof
Sergio Massa
Juan Grabois
Senate leaderJuliana Di Tullio (UC)
José Mayans (FNyP)
Chamber of Deputies leaderGermán Martínez
Founded14 June 2023 (2023-06-14)
Preceded byFrente de Todos
IdeologyPeronism[5]
Kirchnerism[6]
Progressivism[7]
Anti-neoliberalism[8]
Left-wing populism[9]
Factions:
Communism[10]
Federal Peronism[11]
Socialism of the 21st century[12]
Political positionCentre-left to left-wing[A]
Colours  Blue   White   Yellow
(Argentine national colours)
SloganLa patria sos vos. Vamos a defenderla.
('You are the Homeland. Let's defend it.')[13]
Chamber of Deputies
93 / 257
Senate
28 / 72
Governors
7 / 24
Website
fuerzapatria.org
^ A: The coalition has also been described as big tent.[14] It is formed by parties ranging from the left to right.[15] However, it is predominantly centre-left[18] and left-wing (Kirchnerism),[19] with minor centre-right[22] and centrist factions.[25]

The Homeland Force (Spanish: Fuerza Patria, FP),[1][2] also known as the Union for the Homeland (Spanish: Unión por la Patria, UP or UxP) until 2025,[26] is a centre-left[27] to left-wing[19] political and electoral coalition of Peronist political parties in Argentina. It has been the main opposition coalition since December 2023.

The coalition was formed to compete in the 2023 general election,[28] and is a successor to the previous Frente de Todos coalition, whose candidate in the 2019 presidential election, Alberto Fernández, was successfully elected President of Argentina.[29] The coalition is centred on the Justicialist Party and its allies both on the federal and provincial levels, including the Renewal Front of Sergio Massa, who was the coalition's unsuccessful candidate for president in the 2023 presidential election.[30][31]

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]
Main article: 2019 Argentine general election

In the run-up to the 2019 presidential election, the Kirchnerist faction of the Justicialist Party arranged for the establishment of a common Peronist electoral front. This project ultimately materialized with the formation of the Frente de Todos coalition, which comprised the Justicialist majority along with a number of other parties of the political left and centre. This alliance was itself a successor to both the short-lived Citizen's Unity bloc formed for the 2017 midterm elections as well as the Front for Victory, which served as the political instrument of the Kirchnerist political camp between 2003 and 2017. The alliance presented Alberto Fernández as its sole candidate in the 2019 presidential primaries, in which he secured just under 48% of the vote.

In the subsequent general election, Fernández again garnered 48% of the vote, against the 40% of incumbent president Mauricio Macri of the Juntos por el Cambio coalition, ousting the sitting administration and returning the Peronists to power after four years in the opposition.[32] Fernández, along with his vice president, the former President of Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, went on to govern the country for the ensuing four-year period. Halfway through this term, the Frente de Todos coalition suffered a significant defeat in the 2021 Argentine legislative election, losing seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, and thereby losing control of Congress for the first time in nearly 40 years.[33]

2023 election

[edit]
Main article: 2023 Argentine general election

In April 2023, President Alberto Fernandez announced that he would not seek re-election in the next presidential election.[34] In the primary elections in August of that year, Sergio Massa defeated Juan Grabois by a margin of nearly 16 percentage points, although it became the worst result for a ruling Peronist coalition since the PASO was first implemented in 2009.[31]

Logo as Union for the Homeland

In the runoff in November 2023, Libertarian candidate Javier Milei defeated Massa in the second round with 55.65% of the vote, the highest percentage since Argentina's transition to democracy. Massa conceded defeat shortly before the official results were published.[35][36]

2025 elections

[edit]

In July 2025, Union for the Homeland was renamed to Homeland Force (Spanish: Fuerza Patria). The new name was proposed by the leader of the Justicialist Party, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.[37]

In the 2025 Buenos Aires provincial election held in September, Fuerza Patria won 47% of the popular vote, while the ruling La Libertad Avanza won 34% of the vote, trailing the Peronist coalition by 13 percentage points. The result was considered a "landslide defeat" for Milei's administration.[38] Fuerza Patria was led by the left-wing[39] Governor of Buenos Aires Province Axel Kicillof in the election,[40] who has been seen as "the new face of Peronism" ever since his victory.[41]

The margin of Fuerza Patria's victory was considered surprising, as the ruling coalition was expected to lose only narrowly. Analysts expected La Libertad Avanza to lose by a few points to the Peronists. Fuerza Patria has since used its power to obstruct Milei's austerity policies and increase social spending. As Buenos Aires makes up over 40% of Argentina's voters, the result was seen as a good omen for the Peronist coalition in the October 2025 Argentine legislative election.[42]

Despite the success in the Buenos Aires provincial election, the coalition failed to win the 2025 Argentine legislative election, as the party of president Milei, La Libertad Avanza, finished first and won over 40% of the popular vote, beating expectations and polls which anticipated Milei's bloc to win about 30% of the popular vote instead.[43] In turn, Fuerza Patria won about 34% of the vote, finishing as distant second.[44] While La Libertad Avanza massively expanded the number of its seats, the Peronist camp stayed stagnant - the coalition managed to maintain its 98 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (by defending its 46 seats that were up for election),[45] but lost 12 of its senators, reducing its amount of seats in the Senate from 34 to 22.[46]

Ideology

[edit]

Fuerza Patria is a Peronist and Kirchnerist coalition.[47] The coalition is centre-left to left-wing on the political spectrum,[51][19] with minor Federal Peronist,[52] right-wing,[53] centrist and non-Peronist leftist parties.[54] It includes communist factions,[54] socialists,[40] left-wing and also right-wing populists;[57] as well as Catholic,[58] and progressive parties.[59] It postulates four political banners based on Peronism and Kirchnerism: national sovereignty, social justice, state intervention to fight wealth inequality, and greater integration of Latin American countries against foreign interference.[60]

The party has been described as "left-wing wealth redistributive",[61] labourist and nationalist,[62] as well as economically interventionist and anti-neoliberal.[63] The coalition has extensive ties with the trade union General Confederation of Labour,[64] and positions itself against neoliberalism and austerity. The coalition advocates anti-neoliberal and redistributive policies, along with financial sovereignty based on rejecting the IMF;[65] it considers the IMF to be Argentina's "public enemy".[66] Fuerza Patria is considered Peronist,[68] and left-wing populist in character.[70] The main policy of the coalition is expanding the role of the state in the economy through progressive and redistributive policies to secure the Peronist ideal of social justice.[61]

The coalition strongly favours stronger economic and political ties with China,[71] and denounced the Milei administration's relationship with United States, including the $40 billion bailout agreement with the US president Donald Trump, which Union for the Homeland decried as a form of economic dependency.[72] In wake of the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election, Fuerza Patria rejected the declaration that accused Nicolás Maduro of committing electoral fraud.[73] All other major Argentine coalitions - the Civic Coalition ARI, Republican Proposal, and La Libertad Avanza, signed the declaration and declared Edmundo González Urrutia the legitimate victor.[74] Fuerza Patria also rejects the UNHRC and OAS reports that allege human rights violations in Venezuela and FSLN-led Nicaragua.[75] In October 2025, Jorge Taiana, the coalition's leading candidate for national deputy in the Buenos Aires Province, denied that Venezuela is a dictatorship and argued that it is a "flawed democracy" instead.[76]

In June 2025, the coalition attempted to impeach president Milei for declaring Iran the "enemy of Argentina" and for declaring Argentina's support for Israel and the United States.[77] The coalition criticized Israel in the Gaza War, denouncing Israeli military occupation of Gaza Strip and calling for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to be "declared persona non grata" in Argentina.[78] In response to the Russo-Ukrainian War, it declared that it "intends to maintain a normal relationship with Russia".[79]

Member parties

[edit]
Party Leader Ideology Position
Justicialist Party Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Peronism Centre-left to left-wing
Renewal Front[80] Sergio Massa Federal Peronism Centre
Party of Culture, Education and Labour Hugo Moyano Peronism
Labourism 		Centre-left
Kolina Alicia Kirchner Kirchnerism Left-wing
Victory Party Diana Conti Social democracy
Kirchnerism 		Centre-left to left-wing
New Encounter Martín Sabbatella Progressivism Centre-left to left-wing
Somos Victoria Donda Socialist feminism Left-wing
Proyecto Sur Jorge Selser Progressivism[81] Centre-left
Broad Front Adriana Puiggrós Kirchnerism
Social democracy
Peronism 		Centre-left to left-wing
Solidary Party Carlos Heller Co-operatism
Socialism 		Left-wing
Popular Unity Víctor De Gennaro [es] Socialism of the 21st century
Left-wing nationalism 		Left-wing
National Alfonsinist Movement Leopoldo Moreau Social democracy
K Radicalism[82] 		Centre-left
FORJA Gustavo Fernando López [es] Social democracy
K Radicalism[83] 		Centre-left
Communist Party Jorge Kreyness Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Guevarism 		Far-left
Communist Party (Extraordinary Congress) Pablo Pereyra Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		Far-left
Revolutionary Communist Party Juan Carlos Alderete Communism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 		Far-left
Piquetero Party[a] Juan Marino Communism
Trotskyism 		Far-left
Intransigent Party Enrique Gustavo Cardesa Democratic socialism Left-wing
Patria Grande Front Juan Grabois Socialism of the 21st century
Feminism
Kirchnerism[86] 		Left-wing
La Patria de los Comunes Emilio Pérsico Kirchnerism[87] Left-wing
Protector Political Force[88] José Luis Ramón Social democracy Centre-left
Federal Commitment Alberto Rodríguez Saá Peronism Centre
Conservative People's Party[89] Marco Michelli Conservatism Right-wing

Election results

[edit]

Presidential elections

[edit]
Election year Candidate First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
2023 Sergio Massa 9,853,492 36.78 (#1) 11,598,720 44.35 (#2) Lost

Legislative elections

[edit]

Chamber of Deputies

[edit]
Election year Leader Votes % Seats won +/– Position
2023 Germán Martínez 9,298,491 37.88
58 / 130
 Increase 8 Opposition
2025 Germán Martínez 7,741,775 33.81
47 / 127
 Decrease 11 Opposition

Senate

[edit]
Election year Leader Votes % Seats won +/– Position
2023 José Mayans 5,076,244 43.72
13 / 24
 Increase 4 Opposition
2025 José Mayans 1,911,002 36.62
9 / 24
 Decrease 4 Opposition

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ It is not officially registered as a political party, but Marino himself maintains that he is the leader of the "Piquetero Party" and "Piquetero Unity", these being members of the Frente de Todos until 2023, and of Unión por la Patria since June 2023.[84][85]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Tras la unidad del PJ en PBA, Fuerza Patria lanzó su primer comunicado electoral con críticas al Gobierno nacional". Infobae (in Spanish). 10 July 2025. Allí se llevaron a cabo las negociaciones que permitieron consolidar el armado del nuevo espacio que cambió el nombre de Unión por la Patria a Fuerza Patria. [There, negotiations took place that led to the consolidation of the new political space, which changed its name from Unión por la Patria to Fuerza Patria.]
  2. ^ a b "Kirchnerism launched 'Fuerza Patria,' the coalition that replaces Unión por la Patria". La Derecha Diario. 11 July 2025. Far from being a new space, it is simply a front that replaces the name "Unión por la Patria" with "Fuerza Patria", in a new attempt by Kirchnerism to distance itself from the failure of its last administration.
  3. ^ Espinosa de los Monteros, Mario (26 October 2025). "¿Quién va a ganar las Elecciones Legislativas en Argentina? Esto dicen las últimas encuestas sobre LLA (Milei) y Fuerza Patria (Cristina)". Diario AS. El principal opositor de LLA es el frente peronista Fuerza Patria (FP), que ha ido recortando distancias con Milei en los últimos meses. [LLA's main opponent is the Peronist front Fuerza Patria (FP), which has been closing the gap with Milei in recent months.]
  4. ^ Steinberg, David (2024). "Do Currency Swaps Help China Win Friends and Influence People? Evidence from Argentina". In Lucas Myers (ed.). Analyzing China's Domestic and Foreign Policies (PDF). The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. p. 327. Both agreements were then renewed in 2020 for another three years during the Presidency of Alberto Fernández, the leader of the Union for the Homeland (UxP), which was the new name for the Front for Victory, the left-wing faction of Peronism associated with the Kirchners.
  5. ^
  6. ^
  7. ^
    • "Milei Will Be the New President of Argentina: Will Pope Francis Visit His Country?". EWTN. 20 November 2023. Javier Milei, from the La Libertad Avanza party, defeated Sergio Massa, the current Minister of Economy and candidate of the Unión por la Patria party, previously known as Frente de Todos, with a progressive and Peronist tendency.
    • "Argentina prepares for presidential elections with pro-market candidates". The Financial Express. 3 July 2023. Secondly, Unión por la Patria, which represents a progressive or center-left sector, is leaning towards a candidate with known links to local and international businessmen and whose political origin is in a right-wing party.
    • Gabriela Gallardo Lastra; Florencia Nathalia Piñeyrúa; Alejandra Yáñez-Cancino; Andrea Guillem Macías; Julia Almeida Vasconcelos da Silva; Margarita Ramos Mier; Deisy Marisol Quintanilla Ibarra; Diana Carolina Alfonso; Marysabel Pacheco-Arreaño (2025). "Democracia feminista en América Latina: Los feminismos latinoamericanos en el laberinto actual de los partidos de extrema derecha y progresistas". In René Ramírez Gallegos (ed.). Estado de situación de las democracias en América Latina y el Caribe: (Narco)neoliberalismo autoritario o democracia con demos (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: CLACSO. Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. p. 469. ISBN 978-987-813-944-9. Unión por la Patria, coalición gobernante durante 2019-2023 de tendencia peronista y progresista, presentó como candidato al entonces ministro de Economía, Sergio Massa. [Unión por la Patria, the ruling coalition during 2019-2023 of Peronist and progressive tendency, presented the then Minister of Economy, Sergio Massa, as its candidate.]
    • Hug, Heiner (20 November 2023). "Das grössere Übel". Journal21 (in German). Mileis Gegenkandidat war der bisherige Wirtschaftsminister Sergio Massa. Er war für das sogenannt progressive peronistisch geführte Bündnis «Unión por la Patria» angetreten. [Milei's opponent was the incumbent Minister of Economy, Sergio Massa. He ran for the so-called progressive Peronist-led alliance ‘Unión por la Patria’.]
    • Mosqueira, Mariela Analía; Carbonelli, Marcos Andrés (2025). "Religious Governance in Interaction: Network Analysis of Public Management of Religion in Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina)". Religions. 16 (3). MDPI: 16. doi:10.3390/rel16030269. Unión por la Patria is a political coalition in Argentina that brings together various parties and Peronist, progressive, and center-left-orientated movements.
    • Engelman, Juan Manuel (2025). "Giro hacia la derecha. Reflexiones en torno a la organización etnopolítica, la participación estatal y la autogestión indígena en Almirante Brown, provincia de Buenos Aires". Relaciones. 50 (111). Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Antropología (SAA): 2. doi:10.24215/18521479e111 (inactive 19 October 2025). ISSN 1852-1479. La primera de ellas, Unión por la Patria (UP) caracterizada por un conjunto de propuestas progresistas, desde un Estado presente en la defensa de derechos, en la inversión y redistribución de recursos y políticas públicas. [The first of these, Unión por la Patria (UP), is characterised by a set of progressive proposals, ranging from a state that defends rights to investment and redistribution of resources and public policies.]{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
    • Ciges Barberán, Teresa; Falcón, Silvio (2025). "El cartel como herramienta de activismo político en las elecciones presidenciales en América Latina" [The poster as a tool of political activism in the presidential elections in Latin America]. Revista Más Poder Local. 60 (60): 54. doi:10.56151/maspoderlocal.236. ISSN 2172-0223. To this end, the cases of Apruebo Dignidad (Chile), Pacto Histórico (Colombia), Federação Brasil da Esperança (Brazil) and Unión por la Patria (Argentina) are reviewed, all of them progressive forces that participated in the presidential elections in the period 2021-2023.
  8. ^
    • Velasco, Sergio (20 October 2023). "Elections in Argentina: A Radical Change with Libertarian Milei?". The Long Brief. Unión por la Patria is ideologically left-wing, like Peronism, they are also interventionist in the economy and totally reject what they call neoliberal ideas.
    • Guizardi, Menara (24 August 2023). "Notes on the Political Capitalization of Anguish and Hope in Argentina (and the American Southern-Cone)". Focaal. Tarapacá, Chile: National Council for Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (CONICET). In recent years, this coalition has been called Frente para la Victoria [Front for Victory], Frente de Todos [Front for Everyone], and the current Unión por la Patria [Union for the Homeland]. […] Despite the heterogeneity, a transcendent Peronist identity allows transversal alliances in certain historical moments. Defining this identity is not easy, but it is generally associated with a redistributive perspective on the State, an anti-neoliberal discourse, the continued expansion of social rights, development policies, financial sovereignty, and the idea that the popular sectors are the identity core of the country.
    • "Eje de la campaña Frente Patria: Freno al neoliberalismo" [Focus of the Frente Patria campaign: Putting a stop to neoliberalism]. Bragado Informa (in Spanish). 16 October 2025.
    • ""Fuerza Patria": el frente peronista que busca frenar a Milei en las legislativas de septiembre". Diario la Palabra (in Spanish). 11 July 2025. Con el respaldo de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Axel Kicillof y Sergio Massa, el nuevo frente busca unificar a sindicatos, movimientos sociales y pymes para enfrentar las políticas neoliberales del candidato libertario. [With the backing of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Axel Kicillof and Sergio Massa, the new front seeks to unify trade unions, social movements and SMEs to confront the neoliberal policies of the libertarian candidate.]
    • Strnad, Matyáš (2024). Urbanization and Political Participation in Latin American Cities (Doctoral thesis). Sezemice: University of Hradec Králové. p. 123. In the 2023 general elections, the Partido Justicialista (PJ) formed the coalition Union por la Patria, encompassing parties from nationalist Peronismo to far-left groups. […] In 2019, the coalition, then named Frente de Todos, produced an extensive 33-page platform, though still with a minimal local focus, criticizing the previous government's neoliberalism and neglect of the elderly, while calling for a more inclusive regional approach.
    • "El rearmado bonaerense: Otermín asumió ante una multitud en Lomas de Zamora". Nueva Ba (in Spanish). 10 December 2023. Unión por la Patria se prepara para la defensa contra el neoliberalismo. [Unión por la Patria prepares to defend against neoliberalism.]
    • Raies, Esteban (17 February 2025). "Carli Bianco en Monte: el ministro fuerte de Kicillof postuló a Axel para 2027 "contra el modelo de miseria de Milei"". Es una construcción contra Milei, contra de la derecha, contra el neoliberalismo. [It is a movement against Milei, against the right wing, against neoliberalism.]
  9. ^
  10. ^ Alonso, Luciano (2023). "Subjetividades encontradas: Autoritarismo y neoliberalismo frente a las memorias de la represión en Argentina". Debates y perspectivas de un mundo en cambio (in Portuguese). 17. Dialnet: 5. doi:10.14409/culturas.2023.17.e0028. ISSN 2362-5538. Por un lado, el hasta el 14 de junio de 2023 Frente de Todos (FdT) luego Unión por la Patria (UP), que reúne desde el peronismo conservador hasta los partidos comunistas, pasando por el kirchnerismo como el componente más activo. [On the one hand, until 14 June 2023, the Frente de Todos (FdT), later Unión por la Patria (UP), which brings together conservative Peronism and communist parties, with Kirchnerism as the most active component.]
  11. ^ "Elecciones de Argentina 2023: del hartazgo al miedo hubo un(a) PASO". El Economista (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  12. ^ Bernassi, Ezequiel (2024). "Análisis: elecciones presidenciales argentinas, primarias, abiertas, simultáneas y obligatorias de 2023" [Analysis: Argentine presidential elections, Primary, Open, Simultaneous and Mandatory of 2023]. Ciencia Política (in Spanish). National University of Rosario: 2. Es ideológicamente una agrupación que contiene sectores de centro-centroizquierdaizquierda, con variantes progresistas, kirchneristas, peronistas no kirchneristas, socio liberales, Radicales K, y socialistas del siglo XXI. [Ideologically, it is a grouping that includes centre, centre-left, [and] left sectors, with progressive, Kirchnerist, non-Kirchnerist Peronist, socio-liberal, Radical K, and socialism of the 21st century variants.]
  13. ^ "Uno por uno, todos los spots de campaña de los precandidatos a Presidente". www.cronista.com (in Spanish). 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  14. ^ Mauri, Odile Gaset. "La Argentina camino al Balotaje 2023" (PDF). Public and Corporate Solutions LATAM.«El actual oficialismo es una versión más clásica del peronismo catch-all. y se presenta en estas elecciones encabezado por el actual ministro de Economía Sergio Massa, bajo el rótulo de Unión por la Patria, llevando unidas a tres grandes corrientes peronistas: el kirchnerismo, el massismo y el peronismo más tradicional del interior del país, encarnado en los gobernadores y las organizaciones gremiales. »
  15. ^ "Eleições na Argentina: PT formaliza apoio a Massa em disputa contra Milei". Política (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  16. ^ a b "Ministro de Economía será el candidato del oficialismo a la presidencia de Argentina". France 24. 2023-06-24. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  17. ^ Jütten, Marc (27 November 2023). "Argentina: Outcome of the 2023 elections – Beginning of a new era?" (PDF). At a Glance. European Parliament: 1. The big losers in the primaries were the Peronists, the ruling centre-left 'Union for the Homeland' (Union por la Patria/UP), who gained just 27.3 % of the votes – a historically bad result (compared to 47 % in 2019).
  18. ^ [16][17]
  19. ^ a b c
  20. ^ Pascual, Rodrigo Federico (November 2023). "Argentina, al fondo a la derecha. El escenario nacional post PASO 2023". Conicet. 5 (9): 529–566. doi:10.32399/ICSYH.bvbuap.2954-4300.2023.5.9.664. ISSN 2954-4300.«[..] la centroderecha de Juntos por el Cambio (Bullrich y Larreta) alcanzó el 28% y el centro(derecha) representado por Unión por la Patria (Massa y Grabois) logró el 27,28 [..]»
  21. ^ Molina, Federico Rivas (2023-11-18). "Sergio Massa, el político incombustible". El País Argentina (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  22. ^ [20][21]
  23. ^ Ansaldi, Waldo. "Si ven el futuro, díganle que no venga" (PDF). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: 30.«Invirtiendo las posiciones, la fórmula Sergio Massa-Agustín Rossi (UxP, centro) obtuvo 36.7% contra Javier Milei-Victoria Villarruel (LLA, extrema derecha), 30%, y Patricia Bullrich Luro Pueyrredón-Luis Petri (JxC, derecha, ahora virando a la extrema), 23.8%. »
  24. ^ Lake, Tom; Lewis, Jack. "MINI POLITICAL RISK ANALYSIS-Argentina PASO Preview" (PDF). Market News. Alliance: Union for the Homeland (Unión por la Patria) – UP – Peronism, centre-left, centrism, Kirchnerism.
  25. ^ [23][24]
  26. ^ "¿Qué es Fuerza Patria y cuál es la ideología de la coalicción kirchnerista que se presenta a las Elecciones Legislativas del 26-O?". Diario AS (in Spanish). 26 October 2025. Fuerza Patria, anteriormente conocida como Unión por la Patria, es una coalición política argentina de tendencia peronista y progresista. [Fuerza Patria, formerly known as Unión por la Patria, is an Argentine political coalition with Peronist and progressive leanings.]
  27. ^
  28. ^ "Elecciones Argentina 2023: "Unión por la Patria" es el nuevo nombre del Frente de Todos". Página12 (in Spanish). 14 June 2023.
  29. ^ "Argentine incumbent Mauricio Macri concedes defeat in presidential vote". CNBC. 27 October 2019.
  30. ^ Múgica Díaz, Joaquín (14 June 2023). "Unión por la Patria es el nuevo nombre elegido por el Frente de Todos para las elecciones". Infobae (in Spanish).
  31. ^ a b Goñi, Uki (2023-08-14). "Far-right outsider takes shock lead in Argentina primary election". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  32. ^ Watson, Katy (28 October 2019). "Argentina election: Centre-left Alberto Fernández wins presidency". BBC.
  33. ^ Bronstein, Hugh; Misculin, Nicolás (15 November 2021). "Argentina's Peronists on the ropes after bruising midterm defeat". Reuters.
  34. ^ "Argentina's President Fernandez will not seek re-election". Al-Jazeera. 21 April 2023.
  35. ^ "Balotaje 2023, en vivo: los resultados y las noticias minuto a minuto de las elecciones". LA NACION (in Spanish). 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  36. ^ Tagliabúe, Leonardo (19 November 2023). "Contundente triunfo de Javier Milei: será el próximo presidente de la Argentina". Infobae (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Acuerdo: Unión por la Patria fue rebautizado Fuerza Patria para el comicio bonaerense". Urgente24 (in Spanish). 9 July 2025.
  38. ^ "Argentina's Milei suffers landslide defeat in key Buenos Aires province election". Euronews. 8 September 2025.
  39. ^ Wells, Ione (14 October 2025). "How Milei's 'Thatcherite' economics divided his nation - but won over Trump". BBC. The left-wing governor of Buenos Aires, Axel Kicillof, has been touted as a future presidential candidate, long ahead of the elections in 2027. He has spoken in favour of the welfare state.
  40. ^ a b Fleischer, Leandro (9 September 2025). "A hard setback for Milei: Defeat in the Buenos Aires province, a call for reflection". VOZ.
  41. ^ Báez, César (9 September 2025). "Milei Coalition's Loss in Buenos Aires Calls Argentine Libertarian Movement's Strength Into Question". Reason.
  42. ^ Debre, Isabel (8 September 2025). "Argentina President Milei suffers crushing defeat in Buenos Aires provincial election". AP News.
  43. ^ Rivas Molina, Federico (27 October 2025). "Milei wins Argentina's midterm elections with more than 40% of the vote". El País. Buenos Aires.
  44. ^ Freixes, Josep (26 October 2025). "Surprise Victory for President Javier Milei in Argentina's Legislative Elections". Colombia One.
  45. ^ "Polarisation name of game for Argentina's future Congress". Buenos Aires Times. 28 October 2025.
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