Isomorphic JavaScript

Not to be confused with Isomorphism.

Isomorphic JavaScript, also known as Universal JavaScript, describes JavaScript applications which run both on the client and the server.

Name

The naming of the term 'Isomorphic JavaScript' has been a matter of controversy.^[1] The term 'isomorphic' was first coined by Charlie Robbins from Nodejitsu, in one of the company's blog posts.^[2] Spike Brehm, a software engineer from Airbnb, wrote another blog post using the same term.^[3] However, others have proposed to use the term Universal JavaScript instead.^[1][4]

Frameworks

There have been several isomorphic JavaScript frameworks and libraries created, most notably Miso and Meteor. Others include Next.js, Nuxt, SvelteKit, Rendr, Derby, Ezel and Catberry.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. Rauschmayer, Axel (2015-08-24). "Is "Isomorphic JavaScript" a good term?". 2ality. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
2. Robbins, Charlie (2011-10-18). "Scaling Isomorphic Javascript Code". Blog. Nodejitsu Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08.
3. Brehm, Spike (2013-11-11). "Isomorphic JavaScript: The Future of Web Apps". The Airbnb Tech Blog. Archived from the original on 2017-06-17. Retrieved 2026-01-26 – via Medium.
4. Jackson, Michael (2015-06-08). "Universal JavaScript". Medium. Archived from the original on 2015-06-25. Retrieved 2026-01-26.