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Joe Browder

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Joe Browder
Born(1938-04-10)April 10, 1938
Amarillo, Texas, US
DiedSeptember 18, 2016(2016-09-18) (aged 78)
Fairhaven, Maryland, US
OccupationsConsultant, lobbyist, environmentalist
Known forEnvironmental activism, especially in the Everglades
Spouse(s)
Joan Arrington
​
(divorced)​

Marion Edey
​
(divorced)​

Louise Dunlap
​
(m. 1976)​
Children2

Joe Bartles Browder (April 10, 1938, Amarillo – September 18, 2016, Fairhaven)[1][2][3] was an American environmental lobbyist, activist, and consultant whose efforts were primarily focused on issues in South Florida, particularly in the Everglades.[4] He was an advisor on energy, climate change, and environmental policy to public-interest groups, foundations, auto and energy companies, Native American tribes and government agencies.[5] He worked with many environmentalists throughout his career, most notably Marjory Stoneman Douglas and Nathaniel Reed.[2][6]: 476  He is credited with being instrumental to the founding of the Biscayne National Park (1968) and the Big Cypress National Preserve (1974), and for stopping the construction of the Big Cypress Jetport and an oil port and refinery in Biscayne Bay.[7][8] He began working as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C. in 1970[9][10]: 258  and later worked as environmental policy coordinator during the Carter administration.[11]

Biography

[edit]

Early life and career

[edit]

Browder was born in Amarillo, Texas on April 10, 1938 to Betty Bartles of Dewey, Oklahoma and Edward Browder Jr., an aviator and the son of a Santa Fe railroad executive. Edward served in the Royal Canadian Air Force before Pearl Harbor, then in the United States Army Air Forces.[2][3][12] Joe had at least one brother, Bill, who also became an aviator.[13][14] The Browders moved frequently; by age 14, Joe Browder had lived in Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Miami, Arizona, and Colorado before the family returned to Amarillo.[3][15] His mother had remarried by the mid-1950s.[13]

Following his service in World War II, Edward Browder became a white collar criminal;[3][10]: 245  in his 2006 book The Swamp, Michael Grunwald refers to him as a "CIA operative and freelance gun-runner."[10]: 245, 414  He was arrested in 1947 and twice in 1948 for trafficking arms to insurgents from Venezuela.[16][17][12][18][19] He served 18 months in prison for supplying navy bombers to Nicaraguans intending to bomb Caracas.[12][16] By the mid-1950s, he had turned to financial fraud and was arrested in 1959 for transporting stolen Canadian bonds[20] and again in 1960 for selling stolen securities, the latter of which he claimed to have received as payment for supplying Fidel Castro's rebels with guns and ammunition leading up to the 1952 Cuban coup d'état.[16] He was eventually sentenced to 25 years at McNeil Island for securities fraud around 1969.[3][21] Browder's name appears in several CIA documents, particularly in reports requested by G. Robert Blakey, though his role in the agency is not disclosed.[22][23][24][25]

Joe Browder attended Cornell University to study ornithology for one semester before dropping out to get married.[13][10]: 245  He was briefly a policeman,[26] then began working in radio news before moving from Amarillo to Miami in the early 1960s. By 1961, he had joined WCKT-TV, where he worked as a reporter until 1968.[3][2]

Environmentalism

[edit]

Browder left WCKT-TV after attending the national Audubon convention as a delegate for his local chapter. There, he was convinced to dedicate himself fully to environmental advocacy.[2][26][4] During his decades-long career in environmental activism, he worked with major figures such as Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Charles Lee, Arthur R. Marshall, Dante Fascell,[6]: 459, 476, 486  and Nathaniel Reed.[2] One of Browder's first major victories culminated in President Lyndon B. Johnson designating Biscayne Bay a national monument in October 1968,[5][7][15] protecting it from being developed into an oil port and refinery. The directive also stopped the diversion of water from the Everglades.[7][27]: 225  Douglas described Browder as the "hardest working" activist in the crusade against the refinery.[27]: 224 

While defending Biscayne Bay, Browder and his associates also worked on protesting the construction of the Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport, a jetport in the Big Cypress area of the Everglades. It was planned to be five times larger than JFK International Airport in New York City and developers intended to build up the surrounding area.[28][9][6]: 459–460, 475  In 1970, Life stated that Browder and attorney Dan Paul were at the forefront of the conservation efforts.[29] Browder penned a congressional bill to make Big Cypress a national preserve; this was co-sponsored by Lawton Chiles in the Senate and Dante Fascell in the House.[6]: 507–508  He also convinced Douglas to join the fight for the Everglades in a "public and political"[4] capacity in 1969, before which she had not considered herself an environmental activist.[2][6]: 483–484, 711  He suggested she start Friends of the Everglades and served as the group's co-founder.[30][10]: 257  Browder also met with Buffalo Tiger of the Miccosukee Nation, who lived on the land, to ensure their voices were heard.[6]: 470 [10]: 255, 257  Miami Mayor Chuck Hall referred to Browder and Nathaniel Reed as "white militants", but later capitulated and placed Browder on a citizens' committee dedicated to the jetport issue.[26][10]: 256  In 1970, Browder was interviewed by Frank Borman for the ABC special Mission Possible--They Care for the Land, a three-part series on ecology.[31] Browder testified at congressional hearings[2] and met with the Nixon administration, who he managed to convince the development would be a "loss for the nation."[32][33][4] Nixon agreed to withdraw federal funding from the jetport, leaving just one of the six planned runways finished.[28][2][10]: 256  Browder then drafted the bill that led to the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve in 1974.[2]

In May 1970, Browder moved to Washington, D.C. to work as a lobbyist and conservation director for Friends of the Earth.[7][10]: 258  He helped found the lobbying and consultant group Environmental Policy Center, where he served as executive director.[34][8][2] Around this time, he fought against the German multinational BASF, who were looking to build a massive chemical plant in a "pollution-free estuary" near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. The $200-million plans were eventually abandoned.[9][35] Eliot Cutler described Browder as "one of the five best environmental lobbiests [sic] I ran into on the hill... He is terribly effective in terms of getting to people with the kind of information they need when they need it."[3] In the early 1970s, he helped organize members of the League of Conservation Voters to support the political campaigns of candidates whose election would be beneficial to the environment. One of these candidates was John Blatnik, who unseated longtime House Public Works Committee chairman George Hyde Fallon.[36][37] In 1971, Browder also helped convince Nixon to stop construction on the Cross Florida Barge Canal.[9][38]

In 1976, Browder was appointed to the environmental task force on Jimmy Carter's transition team[39] under Jack Watson. However, Browder left in mid-November after the election due to policy disagreements among the team.[40][41] He returned to Carter's staff in 1977 as a special assistant to the Assistant Secretary in the Department of the Interior.[42][34][2] He then worked as policy coordinator until 1980.[2][42][11] In 1981, he and his wife Louise Dunlap started the environmental consulting firm Dunlap & Browder.[4][34]

In 1998, he helped Maryland governor Parris Glendening negotiate the purchase of 477 acres of land on the peninsula in Shady Side to protect it from developers intent on building housing on the land.[43] In 2015, he helped establish the Franklin Point State Park there, protecting it even further.[2] In his later years, he advocated for the Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area and lobbied for protections against pollution from Florida's sugar industry.[44][45][2][10]: 298  He strongly criticized the Clinton administration for its perceived willingness to sacrifice the Everglades in favor of multinationals.[46][10]: 301  When the Miami Homestead General Aviation Airport, an airport in the midst of the Everglades and Biscayne National Park, was announced, Browder accused the administration of "selling out the parks" and blamed the influence of billionaire Paul Tudor Jones, a family friend of Al Gore who routinely gave Audubon nearly $1 million each year.[10]: 309–310  During the 2000 presidential election cycle, Browder gave information to Ralph Nader about the Homestead airport with the intention of undermining Gore, who refused to waver in his support of the airport despite the Sierra Club reporting to his campaign that it was costing him votes.[10]: 347 

Journalist Michael Grunwald described Browder as Audubon's "abrasive but effective southeastern representative" who possessed "ferocious intensity."[10]: 245  While well-respected, Browder's criticism of other environmentalists in particular[10]: 325  meant that "most of the established conservation groups hardly welcomed him."[47] David Houghton, president of the National Wildlife Refuge Association at the time of Browder's death in 2016, wrote that the “Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park and Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area are testament to his profound passion and dedication.”[15] The National Park Service recognized him as the "Citizen Father of the Big Cypress Preserve"[48][6]: 505  and he is widely seen as being responsible in founding the Biscayne National Park (1968) and the Big Cypress National Preserve (1974).[5][7][15] Browder was also a contributor to BusinessWeek,[5] The Miami Herald,[46] and El Nuevo Herald.[49]

Browder served as the National Audubon Society southeastern US representative from 1968[9][8][2][6]: 293  to 1970.[50] He was founder and coordinator of the Everglades Coalition[2][15][10]: 257  and served as its national chair in 1994 and 1995. He was a board member for the René Dubos Center for Human Environments and the Friends of the Everglades, and a Host Committee member at the 1999 Inter-American Dialogue in Panama.[50] He co-chaired a discussion during the concurrent Annual Conference on Water Management and Annual Meeting of the Interstate Council on Water Policy with Mato Grosso do Sul Environment Secretary Emiko Kawakmi de Resende in October 1993.[51] He also sat on the advisory board of the InterAmerican Water Resources Network[50] and later taught a graduate course on "private enterprise and the environment" at Johns Hopkins University.[52][50]

Personal life

[edit]

Browder dropped out of Cornell University to return to Amarillo and marry his high school sweetheart, environmental scientist Joan Arrington.[13][9][10]: 245  They had two sons, Ronald and Monte, and divorced after 13 years.[4][2][6]: 8  Browder then married environmental activist Marion Edey; this marriage also ended in divorce.[2] In 1976, he married Louise Dunlap, who he met at a Senate hearing for the jetport.[53][4] He died of liver cancer on September 18, 2016 at his home in Fairhaven, Maryland.[4][54][2]

Browder had diabetes.[3] His papers were donated to the University of Florida libraries in 2021.[55]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "25 years ago". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. Bartlesville, Oklahoma, US. April 12, 1963. p. 4. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Schudel, Matt (October 3, 2016). "TV reporter who became an environmental activist". South Florida Sun Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, US. p. B6. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Stafford, Charles (August 22, 1971). "Joe Browder". Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburg, Florida, US. p. 24. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Cohen, Howard. "Everglades warrior, environmentalist Joe Browder dies at 78". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d "Joe Browder". BusinessWeek.com. 2011. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jack E. Davis (2011). An Everglades providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820330716.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Environmentalist Joe Browder discussed the past and future of the Everglades". Bob Graham Center for Public Service. University of Florida. October 8, 2009.
  8. ^ a b c "The new conservationists...color them green". The Miami News. Miami, Florida, US. May 20, 1972. p. 15. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Stafford, Charles (August 22, 1971). "Joe Browder". Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburg, Florida, US. p. 23. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Grunwald, Michael (2007). The Swamp: The Everglades, Florida, and the Politics of Paradise. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743251051.
  11. ^ a b Carter, Luther J. (September 3, 1976). "Jimmy Carter's Advisers: Drawing from the Public Interest Movement". Science. 193 (4256): 868–870. Bibcode:1976Sci...193..868C. doi:10.1126/science.193.4256.868. JSTOR 1742260. PMID 17753622. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  12. ^ a b c "Seven are indicted in alleged plot to bomb Latin capital". The Florida Times-Union. Jacksonville, Florida, US. May 12, 1948. p. 5. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  13. ^ a b c d "Joe Bartles rites slated". Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma. February 5, 1956. p. 4. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Bill Trigg Browder was here..." The Amarillo Globe-Times. Amarillo, Texas, US. November 18, 1966. p. 20. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  15. ^ a b c d e Roberts, Sam (September 27, 2016). "Joe Browder, a Guardian of the Florida Everglades, Dies at 78". New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  16. ^ a b c "Miamian has to move cannon and ammunition". The Florida Times-Union. Jacksonville, Florida, US. June 9, 1961. p. 22. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Edward Browder, Jr., held on gun running charges". The Vernon Daily Record. Vernon, Texas, US. October 2, 1947. p. 5. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Plot against Venezuela is disclosed". The Roanoke Times. Roanoke, Virginia, US. November 27, 1947. p. 16. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Rebel plane sale defendant free". Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma, US. April 30, 1948. p. 1. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "Grants New Trial". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida, US. July 4, 1959. p. 10. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  21. ^ Boxberger, Bob (September 17, 1974). "Convict unloads burden of indignity". The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington, US. p. 20. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Name traces on OLC requests". CIA. February 6, 1978. p. 4. Retrieved November 21, 2025.
  23. ^ "Status of Request: Letter from Blakey DTD 14 Feb 78". CIA. February 14, 1978. p. 10. Retrieved November 21, 2025.
  24. ^ "Fazzino, Elysa: Assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy". CIA. June 24, 2015. p. 4. Retrieved November 21, 2025.
  25. ^ Document transfer and cross reference (PDF) (Report). CIA. Retrieved November 21, 2025 – via National Archives.
  26. ^ a b c "Browder, Alligators' Ally, Sticks Up for the Glades". The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida, US. September 14, 1969. p. 76. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  27. ^ a b Marjory Stoneman Douglas; John Rothchild (1990). Marjory Stoneman Douglas: Voice of the River. Pineapple Press. ISBN 9780910923941.
  28. ^ a b "'Worlds Largest Jetport'". National Park Service. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  29. ^ "The endless wetlands of the Everglades". Life. July 4, 1970. p. 31 – via Google Books.
  30. ^ Collie, Tim (May 15, 1998). "Marjory Stoneman Douglas, 1890-1998: Her legacy is all around us". South Florida Sun Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, US. p. 9. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  31. ^ "How Everglades Park was saved". Contra Costa Times. Walnut Creek, California, US. April 19, 1970. p. 61. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  32. ^ Lynda G. Adamson (1997). Literature Connections to American History K6: Resources to Enhance and Entice. Libraries Unlimited. p. 413. ISBN 9781563085024.
  33. ^ Judith Bauer Stamper (1993). Save the Everglades. Steck-Vaughn. p. 41. ISBN 9780811480598.
  34. ^ a b c Bravender, Robin (September 21, 2016). "'Pit fighter' for the Everglades, Joe Browder". E&E News. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  35. ^ "S.C. pollution battle possible 'test case'". The Columbia Record. Columbia, South Carolina, US. March 2, 1970. p. 37. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  36. ^ Stafford, Charles (August 22, 1971). "Joe Browder". Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburg, Florida, US. p. 25. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  37. ^ "Ex-Oregonian founds ecology group". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon, US. August 20, 1970. p. 46. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  38. ^ "Conservationists map canal burial". The Orlando Sentinel. Orlando, Florida, US. January 21, 1971. p. 41. Retrieved November 21, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  39. ^ Hill, Gladwin (August 22, 1976). "Conservationists Give Carter High Marks and Ford, Low Ones". p. 32. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  40. ^ "Environmentalist quits Carter transition team". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland, US. November 20, 1976. p. 7. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  41. ^ Nelson, Jack (November 19, 1976). "Carter assures business of friendly policymakers". Muncie Evening Press. Muncie, Indiana, US. p. 5. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  42. ^ a b "Environmental pioneer to talk about Everglades at Graham Center". University of Florida. October 1, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  43. ^ "The Governor Speaks: Finally, Franklin Point's in the Bag". Dock of the Bay. Vol. VI, no. 40. Bay Weekly. October 1998. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  44. ^ "The Sweet Side of Fair Trade". Green America. Summer 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  45. ^ Clary, Mike (June 3, 1999). "From Everglades Defender to Developer, Tribe Is Stepping Out". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  46. ^ a b Browder, Joe (July 28, 1993). "Secretary Babbitt's longing for quick compromise..." The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida, US. p. 159. Retrieved November 20, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  47. ^ Flippen, J. Brooks (2006). Conservative Conservationist: Russell E. Train And the Emergence of American Environmentalism. Louisiana State Univ Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780807132036.
  48. ^ Tichy-Smith, Laura (December 3, 2014). "Free festival celebrates Big Cypress' human connections". News-Press. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  49. ^ Browder, Joe (April 22, 1990). "La tarea de Miami" [Miami's homework]. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida, US. p. 17. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  50. ^ a b c d "Joe Browder". Dunlap & Browder, Inc. 2011. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
  51. ^ "Part VIII - Conference Agenda". Organization of American States. October 1993. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  52. ^ Stapleton, Christine (January 25, 2013). "Environmental group's idea: Lease parts of reefs for caretaking, let owners charge user fees". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  53. ^ "Louise C. Dunlap". LNP Always Lancaster. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, US. April 25, 2021. p. B6. Retrieved November 19, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  54. ^ "Joe Bartles Browder". Archived from the original on September 23, 2016 – via Kalas Funeral Homes.
  55. ^ Kruse, Matt (December 2021). "Joe Browder Papers". University of Florida Libraries. Retrieved November 20, 2025.

Further reading

[edit]
  • McCluney, Ross (1971). The Environmental Destruction of South Florida: A Handbook for Citizens. Miami: University of Miami Press.
  • Browder, Joe (1972). "White House Decision Making". In Rathlesberger, James H. (ed.). Nixon and the Environment. New York: Village Voice Books.