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Kansala
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  Kansala Shown within Guinea-Bissau | |
| Location | Gabu Region |
|---|---|
| Region | Guinea Bissau |
| Coordinates | 12°32′11″N 014°11′41″W / 12.53639°N 14.19472°W |
| History | |
| Builder | Mansa Sala Sane |
| Abandoned | 1867 |
| Cultures | Kaabu |
| Satellite of | Mali Empire |
Kansala was the last capital of Kaabu, located in what is now Guinea Bissau. The town was destroyed in the 1867 Battle of Kansala.
History
[edit]Kaabu was founded by Mandinka immigrants from the Mali Empire in the 13th century, and was initially its vassal. Mansa Sala Sane established Kansala to replace the old, less centrally located Bainuk capital of Mampatim. The city was also the site of the sacred grove where the mansaba of Kaabu was crowned.[1] As the Mali empire waned, Sama Koli proclaimed independence in 1537 but maintained many of the trappings of Malian cultural heritage and established trade relations with the Portuguese on the coast.[2]
The defenses of the city were legendary: a series of seven concentric tata, each representing one of the core territories of the empire.[3] In the 1860s the Fula of Kaabu and its neighboring states, committed Muslims, launched the Kansala War to end animist Mandé dominance of the region.[2] The city was besieged for eleven days, when the reigning Mansaba Janke Wali lost heart. As the Fula swarmed into Kansala, he ignited the gunpowder stores, killing all the Mandinka defenders and devastating the invading army.[4]
Archaeology
[edit]The site of Kansala was excavated for the first time by a multinational team in early 2024, focusing on the remains of the ruler's tata.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Mane, Daouda (2021). "La Question des Origines et de l'Emergence de l'Etat de Kaabu". In Fall, Mamadou; Fall, Rokhaya; Mane, Mamadou (eds.). Bipolarisation du Senegal du XVIe - XVIIe siecle (in French). Dakar: HGS Editions. p. 279.
- ^ a b Discovering Guinea Bissau, 2nd edition, p98
- ^ Canós-Donnay, Sirio (2022). "Fluid fortresses in changing states: Tàta in southern Senegal (13th–19th centuries AD)". In Ibsen, Timo; Ilves, Kristin; Maixner, Birgit; Messal, Sebastian; Schneeweiß, Jens (eds.). Fortifications in their Natural and Cultural Landscape: From Organising Space to the Creation of Power. Bonn: Habelt-Verlag. p. 73.
- ^ Lobban, Richard Andrew Jr.; Mendy, Peter Karibe (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (4th ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-8108-5310-2.
- ^ Canós-Donnay, Sirio, et al. "First excavations at Kansala, last capital of the Kaabu Kingdom (Guinea-Bissau)." (2025).
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