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For the administrative division, see Khvormuj Rural District.

Khvormuj
Persian: خورموج
City
A daytime photo of a white statue of a man on horseback set upon a black blocks. Next to the statue is a pole with string lights attached in all directions. A building can be seen in the background.
Khalo Hossein Dashti Square in Khvormuj
Khvormuj is located in Iran
Khvormuj
Khvormuj
Coordinates: 28°39′26″N 51°22′52″E / 28.65722°N 51.38111°E / 28.65722; 51.38111[1][2]
CountryIran
ProvinceBushehr
CountyDashti
DistrictCentral
Area
 • Total
1,280 km2 (490 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[3]
 • Total
60,942
 • Density47.6/km2 (123/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)


Khvormuj (Persian: خورموج)[a] is a city in the Central District of Dashti County, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5] The narrow river Shur traverses the valley, 7 km to the west of the city.

Demographics

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Language and ethnicity

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Persians constitute 95% of the inhabitants, and the majority speaks the Dashti dialect.[6]


Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 31,667 in 6,966 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 34,944 people in 8,777 households.[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 40,722 people in 11,537 households.[3]

Attractions

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Khormoj Castle

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Khormoj Castle (Persian: قلعه خورموج; also spelled Khormuj or Khvormuj; also known as Mohammad Khan Dashti Castle) is a historic fortification in Khormoj, Dashti County, Bushehr Province, Iran. The surviving elements largely date to the Qajar dynasty period, although local tradition holds that the site may have earlier foundations.[9]

Khormoj Castle, then and now: historic view and surviving hexagonal tower.

The original complex reportedly comprised four curtain walls with towers, a central residence (mansion), stables, a guardhouse (qaravolkhaneh), and a bathhouse supplied by a qanat system.[10][11] A 2025 study documents the discovery and description of the castle’s bathhouse near the fort remains, following archaeological excavations.[12] Architectural details reflect Qajar design combined with decorative motifs reminiscent of Seljuk and Sasanian styles.[13][10]

Today, only a single hexagonal tower remains standing.[9] The site is listed as a national monument of Iran (registration no. 3032; 2000).[14] The castle is also commonly referred to as Mohammad Khan Dashti Castle.[10][11]

Sketch showing a tall, six-sided tower with pointed Persian arches and windows.
Sketch of the remaining hexagonal tower with Persian-style pointed arches and windows

Architecture

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Accounts describe the complex as having four palisades with towers, a central mansion, stables, a guardhouse, and a bathhouse connected to a water source; parts of the complex were reportedly demolished in the late 1970s during urban works.[11][9] Descriptions emphasize Qajar-period brickwork and plaster decoration with stylistic allusions to Seljuk ornament and Sasanian fortification layouts.[13][10]

Comparative note

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Hexagonal-plan towers also occur elsewhere; for comparison, the Great Tower (Yellow Tower of Gwent) at Raglan Castle in Monmouthshire, Wales, is a 15th-century hexagonal keep set within a moat.[15]

Shrine of Mir Aram Shah

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The Shrine of Mir Aram Shah (Persian: بقعهٔ میر ارم شاه) is a revered religious site located on a low hill in the western part of Khormoj, south of the city’s Martyrs’ Cemetery (Golzar-e Shohada). The shrine dates to the late Qajar era and houses an unusually long tombstone—about twelve meters—adorned with intricate stone carvings. According to local accounts, the tomb is attributed to Mir Aram, traditionally said to be a descendant of Sam son of Noah, though some researchers link it to a pre-Islamic or Sasanian figure.[16][17][18] The site, also known as Pir-e Chehel Gazu, remains a popular place of prayer and pilgrimage, especially on Thursdays.[16]


Mother Square

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Mother Square in Khvormuj


Another prominent landmark in Khormuj is Mother Square (Persian: میدان مادر), located at one of the city’s main intersections. At the center of the square stands a large statue symbolizing motherhood, depicting a mother holding a child. The monument is illuminated at night and has become one of the recognizable symbols of the city.

See also

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Media related to Khormoj at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Khūrmūj; also known as Khormoj and Khormūj[4]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (26 August 2024). "خورموج [Khvormuj], Khormuj City, Khormuj Central District, Dashti County, Bushehr Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  2. ^ "M94J+VCQ Khormoj, Bushehr Province, Iran" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  3. ^ a b سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان بوشهر [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Bushehr Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  4. ^ Khvormuj can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3071571" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ‌تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان بوشهر به مرکزیت شهر بوشهر [‌Approval of the organization and the hierarchy of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bushehr province with the city of Bushehr as its capital]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] 51E6AB17-6790-42EF-804B-D38845E50FAD. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 12 June 2025. Retrieved 13 June 2025.
  6. ^ Dénes Gazsi, “ḴvORMUJ,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2016
  7. ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان بوشهر [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Bushehr Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  8. ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان بوشهر [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Bushehr Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  9. ^ a b c برج قلعهٔ محمد خان دشتی در خورموج و چالش حریم آثار باستانی [The tower of Mohammad Khan Dashti’s Castle in Khormoj and heritage-boundary challenges]. 55Online (in Persian). 9 November 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  10. ^ a b c d "Khormoj Castle – Iran Travel Guide". TripYar. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  11. ^ a b c درباره قلعه خورموج. AghayeTour (in Persian). Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  12. ^ Rostami, Houshang; Parsaei Borazjani, Mehrdad (2025). "Bathhouse of Mohammad Khan Dashti's Castle of Khormouj City, Bushehr" (PDF). Sinus Persicus. 2 (3): 109–123. doi:10.22034/sp.2025.XXXX. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  13. ^ a b درباره قلعه خورموج. Sima Parvaz Jame Jam (in Persian). Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  14. ^ "List of National Works of Iran (archived register)". Encyclopaedia of Iranian Architectural History (Iranshahrpedia) (in Persian). Iranian Academy of the Arts & Ministry of Roads and Urban Development. Retrieved 13 October 2025. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
  15. ^ Salter, Mike (2002). The Castles of Gwent, Glamorgan and Gower. Folly Publications. pp. 86–90. ISBN 978-1871731152. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  16. ^ a b Gholamhossein Hadi Nejad Dashti, Ziyaratgah-ha-ye Ostan-e Bushehr (Shrines of Bushehr Province), Vol. 2, Vethaq Publications, Qom, 2009 (1388 SH), pp. 24–25.
  17. ^ Ahmad Eqtedari, Āthār-e Shahrhā-ye Bāstānī-ye Sāhelhā va Jazāyer-e Khalij-e Fārs va Daryā-ye Oman, pp. 277–278.
  18. ^ Interview with Abdolmajid Ravanbad, Khormoj, 24 December 2007.


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