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Marthe Emmanuel

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Marthe Emmanuel
Born(1901-08-20)20 August 1901
Chaville (Hauts-de-Seine
Died15 May 1997(1997-05-15) (aged 95)
Le Mée-sur-Seine (Seine-et-Marne)
Alma materUniversity of Paris
OccupationsGeographer, historian, biographer
Known forHistories of polar explorers
FatherMaurice Emmanuel

Marthe Emmanuel (1901–1997) was a French geographer, historian, and biographer. Emmanuel's work focused on the history of geography, particularly on polar scientific explorers from France. She initially devoted her writings to biographies about Jean-Baptiste Charcot, describing both his contributions to science and the explorer's personality. She then published research about other explorers, including Robert Falcon Scott.[1][2] Her works have been awarded several prizes.[1][3]

Biography

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Jean-Baptiste Charcot in 1914

Marthe Emmanuel was born in Chaville (Hauts-de-Seine) 20 August 1901.[1][3] Her father was the composer Maurice Emmanuel (1862–1938). She became an engineer at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), where she organized the journal Mémoires et Documents.[3]

She became the long-time assistant and collaborator of the French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charcot.[2] He regularly came to see her at the Château de Montaure (Eure). After Charcot died in 1936, Emmanuel became his biographer, publishing three books based on his letters and logbooks.[3]

In 1956, she defended her doctoral thesis on the history of geography, France and Polar Exploration: From Verrazano to La Pérouse, 1523–1788, at the University of Paris.[4] Her thesis included a discussion of the first polar explorer, the ancient Greek geographer Pytheas. She then recounts the various Celtic and Viking expeditions, the discovery and rediscovery of Cape Horn, and mentions lesser-known French explorers such as Jean-François Regnard in Lapland in 1861 and Pierre Louis Maupertuis in the Arctic Circle in Finland.[4] While the English and German expeditions are well-documented, Emmanuel's thesis complemented those other works by offering the French perspective.[2] Her research drew on archives and historical texts, producing a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the Arctic and Antarctic.[3]

She served as the editorial secretary of the Bulletin of the Association of French Geographers and then librarian of the French Geographical Society.[3]

She died on 15 May 1997, at Le Mée-sur-Seine (Seine-et-Marne).[1][3]

Tributes and awards

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  • Montyon Prize of the French Academy and Conrad Malte-Brun Prize of the Geographical Society in 1944 for Charcot, polar navigator[5]
  • Marcelin Guérin Prize of the French Academy in 1960, Georges Dreyfus Prize and Prize of the Naval Academy for France and Polar Exploration[6]
  • Her portrait appeared on a stamp with the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in 2007

Selected works

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  • Marthe Emmanuel (preface by Jean de La Varende), Charcot, Polar Navigator, Éditions des Loisirs,1943, 205 p.[1][7]
  • Marthe Emmanuel (preface by Jules Sottas), Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and "Polar Gentleman", Éditions Alsatia, 1945, p. 192[1][7]
  • Marthe Emmanuel, Scott, the hero of the South Pole, 1946, 143 p.[1][3]
  • Marthe Emmanuel, France and Polar Exploration, Nouvelles éditions latines Doullens, 1959, 399 p.[3]
  • Marthe Emmanuel (preface by Paul-Émile Victor), Such Was Charcot: 1867–1936, Beauchesne, coll. "Figures of Yesterday and Today", 1986 (ISBN  978-2-7010-1134-9)[1][7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Emmanuel, Marthe (1901–1997)". www.idref.fr. Archived from the original on 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  2. ^ a b c Beaujeu-Garnier, Jacqueline (1960). "Emmanuel (Marthe), La France et l'exploration polaire, 1959". L'Information Géographique (in French). 24 (5): 230–230.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "CTHS – EMMANUEL Marthe". Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  4. ^ a b Faivre, Jean-Paul (1960). "Marthe Emmanuel. — La France et l'exploration polaire. I. De Verrazano à la Pêrouse". Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire (in French). 47 (167): 291–292.
  5. ^ "Marthe EMMANUEL | Académie française". www.academie-francaise.fr. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  6. ^ "Marthe EMMANUEL | Académie française". www.academie-francaise.fr. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  7. ^ a b c "Marthe Emmanuel (1901–1997)". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 2025-11-17.