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Monastery of Rousanou

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Monastery of St. Rousanou
Μεγάλο Μετέωρο
Monastery of St. Rousanou is located in Greece
Monastery of St. Rousanou
Monastery of St. Rousanou
Location of the monastery in Greece
39°42′51″N 21°37′37″E / 39.71417°N 21.62694°E / 39.71417; 21.62694
LocationKalambaka, Pineios Valley, Thessaly
CountryGreece
DenominationGreek Orthodox (former)
History
StatusMonastery (former)
Architecture
Functional statusInactive[citation needed]
Architectural typeMonastery
StyleByzantine (Athonite)
Map of Meteora, with the six extant monasteries, as marked
Part ofMeteora
CriteriaCultural (i, ii, iv, v, vii)
Reference455
Inscription1988 (12th Session)
Area271.87 ha (671.8 acres)
Buffer zone1,884.14 ha (4,655.8 acres)

The Monastery of St. Rousanou (Greek: Μονή Ρουσάνου) is a former[citation needed] Greek Orthodox monastery near the town of Kalambaka, in the Thessaly region of central Greece. It is located at the top of a rocky precipice over 415 metres (1,362 ft) above the Pineios valley floor.[1][2]: 11, 32  It is one of twenty-four monasteries that were originally built at Meteora.[a] Collectively titled Meteora, in 1988 the extant six monasteries were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.[3]

Geography

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Twenty-four monasteries were built on rock cliffs in the deltaic plains of Meteora. The cliffs rise to a height of more than 400 metres (1,300 ft).[2]: 11, 32  The monasteries are situated in the Pineios Valley within the Thessalian plains, close to the town of Kalambaka. The rock cliffs, dated by chemical analysis to be 60-million years old, were created during earthquakes, and are of sandstone and conglomerate formations caused by fluvial erosion. The sediments were once in an inland sea during the Pliocene epoch.[4] The cliffs rose as a cone during the earthquakes, forming steep rock columns, known as "heavenly columns".[5] The area is hilly and forested, with river valleys, and a protected area known as Trikala Aesthetic Forest.[3]

Most of the monasteries were located near the Rousanou Monastery; however, both the monasteries of Saint Stephen and Holy Trinity are located further to the south.[6]

To the southeast of Rousanou Monastery, the Psaropetra viewpoint is located by the side of a main road.[2]

History

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The history of building monasteries on top of perilous cliffs near Meteora occurred between the 14th and 15th centuries. Even prior to this, in the 11th century, religious communities had established hermitages at the foot of these cliffs. In the 14th century, the titular emperor of Serbs and Greeks, John Uroš, became a monk and moved to Meteora; he endowed, rebuilt and established monasteries here. During the political upheavals in the region during this century, monks retreated to the safe haven offered by the cliffs.[7] By end of the fifteenth century, there were 24 such monasteries, such as the Rousanou and St. Nicholas Anapausas.[7]

As of December 2025, the Rousanou and St. Nicholas Anapafsas monasteries were extant, yet inactive; and four of the original monasteries were occupied and in use, including the Monastery of Great Meteoron, Holy Trinity (Aghia Trias), St. Stephen (Aghios Stephanos), and the Varlaam Monastery;[3][5] and together the six monasteries make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site, named Meteora;[3] inscribed in 1988.[8][9][10]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Meteora, translated from Greek, means "suspended in the air".

References

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  1. ^ Poulios, Ioannis (2008). Living sites: the past in the present - the monastic site of Meteora, Greece: towards a new approach to conservation (Doctoral dissertation). Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
  2. ^ a b c Provatakis, Theocharis M. (2006). Meteora: History of monasteries and monasticism. Athens: Michalis Toubis Publications S.A. p. 15. ISBN 960-540-095-2.
  3. ^ a b c d "Meteora". World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  4. ^ Hellander, Paul; Amstrong, Kate (2006). Greece (7th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-74059-750-0.
  5. ^ a b "World Heritage List No. 455" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  6. ^ Richardson, Rufus Byam (1907). Greece through the stereoscope (Public domain ed.). Underwood & Underwood. pp. 311–.
  7. ^ a b Hellander, Paul (2008). Lonely Planet: Greece. Lonely Planet. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-74104-656-4.
  8. ^ "Criteria". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  9. ^ "Documents". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  10. ^ Park, Tamara (2008). Sacred Encounters from Rome to Jerusalem. InterVarsity Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8308-3623-9.
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Media related to Moni Rousanou (Meteora) at Wikimedia Commons