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PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces

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PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces
Платформа диалога ПАСЕ с российскими демократическими силами
FormationJanuary 26, 2026; 39 days ago (2026-01-26)
Membership15
AffiliationsParliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

The PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces[1] (Russian: Платформа диалога ПАСЕ с российскими демократическими силами) is a consultative body of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) that was established in January 2026 for communicating with Russian opposition representatives after Russia's expulsion from the Council of Europe in 2022 following the invasion of Ukraine.[1][2][3] The platform includes representatives from opposition groups such as the Anti-War Committee of Russia, Free Russia Foundation and the Free Russia Forum along with numerous ethnic minority rights activists.[1][4] Participants are approved by the Bureau of the Assembly upon proposals made by the President of the Assembly, currently Petra Bayr.[5]

History

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After the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent expulsion of Russia from the Council of Europe[6], the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe decided to intensify its engagement with Russian and Belarusian opposition groups which supported democratic values, human rights, and the rule of law. As a result the Parliamentary Assembly passed several resolutions, including Resolution 2433 and 2540 which called for formal engagement with anti-regime activists in Russia.[7][8] Resolution 2540 called for the creation of the function of the General Rapporteur on Russian democratic forces. This position was created in April 2024 with the inaugural being Estonian representative Eerik-Niiles Kross.[9] The General Rapporteur is tasked with engaging and communicating with opposition groups and presenting his findings to the Parliamentary Assembly.[10]

In September 2025, Kross submitted his report on Russian Democratic Forces which presented a draft resolution for the creation of the Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces.[11][12] On 2 October, PACE approved a resolution to form such a structure.[13][3] The resolution defined the platform's mandate as supporting Russian democratic forces in their efforts to achieve political change in Russia and to establish peace in Ukraine.[14][13]

Russian organizations involved in developing the platform's concept included the Anti-Corruption Foundation, the Free Russia Foundation, the Anti-War Committee of Russia, and the Free Russia Forum.[14] The platform's formation took place against a backdrop of public disagreements among various opposition groups.[2] Subsequently, the Anti-Corruption Foundation announced its withdrawal from participating in the platform's work, stating that the participant selection procedure failed to meet democratic principles due to a lack of transparency in the process.[14][2]

On December 16th following a meeting between then PACE President Theodoros Roussopoulos, General Rapporteur Kross and representatives of Assembly's political groups, the Parliamentary Assembly formally decided to open submissions for representatives to the Platform.[15] Several opposition groups, such as the Anti-War Committee of Russia and Congress of People's Deputies publicly submitted lists of nominees.[16][17]

On January 26th 2026 the PACE Bureau approved the platform's final composition and published a full list of opposition figures invited to participate, including Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kara-Murza and Mikhail Khodorkovsky and other opposition activists.[1] The Platform held its inaugural meeting on the 29th of January in Strasbourg.[18][19]

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The Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces does not hold the status of an official delegation and does not possess the powers that the Russian delegation had before 2022. Platform participants do not have the right to vote on PACE resolutions.[2]

In accordance with the PACE resolution, members of the platform may attend meetings of the Assembly's committees and sub-committees, participate in session events, and be granted the floor to speak upon approval by the PACE President.[3]

The platform is presided over by the president of PACE. Its composition is subject to annual renewal. The selection of candidates was carried out by the PACE secretariat.[3]

Symbol

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According to Article 9 of Resolution 2621 participants of the Platform shall not use, display or reproduce State symbols of the Russian Federation, including its flag, coat of arms, anthem or other official insignia, at the Assembly’s premises or events. The white-blue-white colours are recognised by the Russian democratic forces as a symbol of resistance.[20]

Selection criteria

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When forming the platform's composition, PACE was guided by a set of requirements established in its resolution. It was declared that candidates must be of high moral standing and reside outside Russia.[3]

Activists and public figures engaged in countering the Putin regime were eligible to become platform participants.[3] They were required to recognize the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders, as well as the sovereignty of Moldova, Georgia, and other states.[3] Candidates' backgrounds were to be free of any episodes involving support for Russia's undemocratic or imperialistic foreign policy towards sovereign states, or justification of international crimes.[3]

One of the selection criteria was having signed the Declaration of Russian Democratic Forces (also known as the "Berlin Declaration"), adopted by Russian opposition figures on 30 April 2023 in Berlin, Germany. The declaration places responsibility for the war in Ukraine on Russia and recognizes Crimea as Ukrainian territory.[3] The declaration was prepared on the initiative of Mikhail Khodorkovsky and other opposition figures.[2]

The resolution stipulated that one third of the platform's seats be allocated for representatives of Russia's indigenous peoples and national minorities. According to the PACE, this quota corresponds to the proportion of indigenous peoples within Russia's total population.[3]

Participants

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Former World Chess Champion and activist Garry Kasparov
Activist and former political prisoner Vladimir Kara-Murza

On January 26th 2026 the Parliamentary Assembly announced the full list of participants, which includes:[1][4]

Representatives of the Russian Democratic Forces

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Representatives of the indigenous peoples of Russia

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PACE representatives

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Goals and objectives

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In media interviews, platform members outlined the following priority areas for their work:[14]

  • supporting efforts to free political prisoners in Russia;
  • combating discrimination against Russian citizens in European states;
  • modifying European Union sanction mechanisms, both regarding Russia and Russians residing abroad;
  • conveying the position of anti-war Russians to the international community;
  • planning a "post-Putin" transition in Russia[23]

Representatives of the indigenous peoples of Russia expressed the intention to use the platform to discuss the situation of national minorities in Russia. Lana Pylayeva characterized the introduction of a quota for indigenous representatives as a significant step in overcoming the overly Moscow-centric nature of Russian politics.[2]

Reactions

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In October 2025, shortly after the resolution establishing the platform was passed, Russia's Federal Security Service designated the Anti-War Committee of Russia as a terrorist organization and initiated criminal cases against all 19 of its members.[2] The charges include forming a terrorist community and attempting to seize power. Those accused include Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kara-Murza, Ekaterina Schulmann, Evgeny Chichvarkin, Sergei Guriev and others. According to the investigation, committee members allegedly lobbied for the creation of the PACE platform, which Russian authorities view as an attempt to form an alternative governing body and a transitional constituent assembly.[24][2]

Ukrainian representatives in PACE did not block the decision to establish the platform, yet expressed doubts that the proposed candidates represented a genuine opposition. The Ukrainian delegation believed that Europe should engage only with those Russians who are serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[2] Candidates from Russian irregular units based in Ukraine also submitted applications, however, PACE officials did not include any of them in the platform's final composition.[2]

The former president of PACE, Theodoros Rousopoulos, stated that the platform would provide an opportunity for representatives of Russia's democratic forces and Russians to openly express their position.[2]

Frank Schwabe, a member of the Bundestag from the Social Democratic Party and a PACE-side participant in the platform, supported the creation of the structure, calling it the right step to provide Russia's democratic opposition with a public platform.[25] Schwabe noted that the platform could become a first step toward the opposition's participation in the work of PACE committees and remarked on the naturalness of the disagreements that arose during its establishment.[25]

Igor Gretskiy, a former international relations professor at Saint Petersburg State University and a researcher at Estonia's International Centre for Defence and Security, points to the problem of legitimacy regarding platform participants, who were not elected through a vote by Russian citizens.[26][2]

Ekaterina Schulmann, a former political science professor at Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration and a non-resident scholar at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center, assessed the platform's formation positively, calling its composition balanced.[27] She noted that most participants have experience in political activity and international recognition. At the same time, Schulmann pointed out the platform's lack of significant authority and its inability to influence regime change in Russia from abroad. Nevertheless, she remarks that the platform could become an important venue for expressing the position of anti-war Russians outside the country. Schulmann drew attention to the fact that the Russian authorities are taking the platform's creation very seriously, having launched a media campaign and initiated criminal cases against a number of its participants.

Positions and statements

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The platform’s participants issued their first joint statement in February 2026, characterizing Russia as a systemic threat to the European legal order and expressing support for Ukraine, "including military support" to uphold the territorial integrity of the 1991 Borders.[28][29]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ According to Article 9 of Resolution 2621

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Participants in the PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces are named". Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2026-01-26. Archived from the original on 2026-01-26.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Платформа российских демократических сил при ПАСЕ: кто туда вошел?" (in Russian). BBC News Russian. 2026-01-26. Archived from the original on 2026-02-08.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Viktoria Vlasenko (2026-01-26). "ПАСЕ утвердила состав платформы демократических сил России" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2026-02-20.
  4. ^ a b "Council of Europe names Russian opposition politicians for its Platform for Dialogue". Novaya Gazeta Europe. 2026-01-26. Retrieved 2026-02-21.
  5. ^ "Resolution 2621 (2025): Establishing a Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces". Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Council of Europe. 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2026.
  6. ^ "The Russian Federation is excluded from the Council of Europe". 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  7. ^ "Resolution 2433: Consequences of the Russian Federation's continued aggression against Ukraine: role and response of the Council of Europe". 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  8. ^ "Resolution 2540: Alexei Navalny's death and the need to counter Vladimir Putin's totalitarian regime and its war on democracy". 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  9. ^ "Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS". Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  10. ^ "General Rapporteur on Russian democratic forces: Terms of reference". Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  11. ^ "Document 16247: Russian democratic forces". 2025-09-11. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  12. ^ "Meduza breaks down the debate over Europe's new platform for dialogue with Russian anti-war, pro-democracy forces". meduza.io. Meduza. 26 January 2026. Retrieved 10 February 2026.
  13. ^ a b "PACE creates a 'platform for dialogue' with exiled Russian democratic forces". Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 2025-10-02. Archived from the original on 2026-01-25.
  14. ^ a b c d "В ПАСЕ вот-вот начнет работать платформа для оппозиционеров, «представляющая интересы антивоенных россиян». Та самая, из-за которой все переругались" (in Russian). Meduza. 2026-01-24. Archived from the original on 2026-02-05.
  15. ^ "Submission of candidatures for the PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces". 2026-12-16. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  16. ^ "The Russian Anti-War Committee publishes a list of candidates for the PACE Platform". 2025-12-17. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  17. ^ Жих, Виктор (2025-10-07). "Обращение Совета Съезда народных депутатов к российским демократическим силам, национально-освободительным движениям РФ, членам Бюро Парламентской Ассамблеи Совета Европы". Съезд Народных Депутатов. Archived from the original on 2025-11-12.
  18. ^ "PACE platform for dialogue with Russian democratic forces holds its first meeting in Strasbourg". 2026-01-29. Retrieved 2026-02-21.
  19. ^ "Russia's Opposition Has Representation in PACE. Can They Achieve Anything?". The Moscow Times. 2026-02-03. Retrieved 2026-02-21.
  20. ^ "Resolution 2621: Russian democratic forces". 2025-10-01. Retrieved 2026-01-26.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Кто все в ПАСЕ. Платформа российских демократических сил в Европе создана" (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. 2026-01-27. Archived from the original on 2026-02-14.
  22. ^ "Petra Bayr elected President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe – Portal". www.coe.int. 2026-01-26. Retrieved 2026-02-05.
  23. ^ Kara-Murza, Vladimir (9 February 2026). "How the Russian people are returning to Europe". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 February 2026.
  24. ^ "Ходорковского, Гуриева, Чичваркина и Шульман хотят признать членами «террористического сообщества». Это очень неприятный и опасный ярлык. Что грозит членам Антивоенного комитета? Можно ли им донатить? А покупать их книги?". Meduza (in Russian). 2025-10-16. Archived from the original on 2025-12-28. Retrieved 2026-01-28.
  25. ^ a b Christian Tahl (2026-01-26). "Немецкий депутат в ПАСЕ: Дать шанс оппозиции РФ обрести лицо" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2026-02-20.
  26. ^ Igor Gretskiy (2025-10-09). "Why PACE's New Russian Platform May Backfire – International Centre for Defence and Security". icds.ee. Archived from the original on 2026-01-27. Retrieved 2026-01-28.
  27. ^ Alexey Strelnikov (2026-01-26). ""Наладить общение". Оппозиция РФ оценила платформу при ПАСЕ" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2026-02-20.
  28. ^ "Statement by the Participants from Russian Democratic Forces of PACE's Platform". pacerdf.com. Retrieved 10 February 2026.
  29. ^ "«Россия — фашистская, системная угроза европейскому правопорядку»: Платформа российской оппозиции при ПАСЕ выпустила первое заявление". 7 February 2026.
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