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Schweizersbild

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Schweizersbild
Schweizersbild is located in Switzerland
Schweizersbild
Schweizersbild
Location in Switzerland
Schweizersbild is located in Canton of Schaffhausen
Schweizersbild
Schweizersbild
Location in the canton of Schaffhausen
LocationSchaffhausen, Switzerland
Coordinates47°43′25.95″N 8°38′23.67″E / 47.7238750°N 8.6399083°E / 47.7238750; 8.6399083
TypeRock shelter
History
PeriodsUpper Paleolithic (Magdalenian)
Site notes
Excavation dates1891–1893
ArchaeologistsJakob Nüesch

Schweizersbild is a rock shelter from the Paleolithic period, located in the municipality of Schaffhausen in Switzerland, at the foot of a southeast-facing cliff near a spring. Beneath the natural rock overhang, remains of a significant Upper Paleolithic (Magdalenian) habitation (camp) dating to approximately 15,000–12,700 BC were discovered.[1][2]

Discovery and excavations

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Excavations in 1892

The site was discovered in 1891 by Jakob Nüesch [de], who conducted archaeological excavations there from 1891 to 1893. Beneath a gray archaeological layer containing remains from post-Paleolithic periods (including Neolithic tombs)[3] were the habitation levels from the Upper Paleolithic. Below this, a layer containing rodent remains but practically no artifacts covered a bed of Ice Age pebbles.[1] Some of the smaller skeletons have initially been interpreted as the remains of pygmies,[4] but they may rather represent shorter individuals.[5]

Stratigraphy

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Model of the habitation at the Allerheiligen Museum

The stratigraphy cannot be reconstructed with certainty. Lower down, a second layer of rodent debris also contained remains of collared lemming, Arctic fox, reindeer, wild horse, mountain hare, as well as a rib fragment from a woolly rhinoceros. Above this, a yellow archaeological layer yielded primarily bones of reindeer, wild horse, mountain hare, and red deer. In this layer, a hearth and a flint knapping workshop were also observed.[1]

Artifacts

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The artifacts uncovered by the excavators include several hundred tools made of flint (including shouldered points), bone, and antler (notably double-beveled spear points, harpoons, awls, perforated batons, needles, and ornaments).[1]

Paleolithic art

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The Schweizersbild site is especially known for the pieces of Paleolithic mobiliary art discovered there, notably a slate plaquette engraved on both sides with animal figures and a perforated baton made of reindeer antler depicting two wild horses in a line.[6] The engravings are more stylized than those from objects found at Kesslerloch, and executed with a more fluid line. A small jet statuette representing a woman, found in 1954 in the spoil from Nüesch's excavation, is less well known.[1] The original is exhibited at the Museum of Cultures (Basel).

  • Perforated baton with two wild horses (Swiss National Museum)
    Perforated baton with two wild horses (Swiss National Museum)
  • Copy of the woman statuette
    Copy of the woman statuette
  • Engraved slate plaquette
    Engraved slate plaquette

See also

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References

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 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY SA. Text taken from Schweizersbild​, Markus Höneisen, Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Translated by Laurent Auberson.

  1. ^ a b c d e "Schweizersbild" in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  2. ^ Geikie, James (1897). "The prehistoric rock‐shelter at Schweizersbild, near Schaffhausen". Scottish Geographical Magazine. 13 (9): 466–475. doi:10.1080/00369229708732969.
  3. ^ Kollmann, Julius (1894). "Das Schweizersbild bei Schaffhausen und Pygmäen in Europa". Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (in German). 26: 189–254.
  4. ^ Kollmann, Julius (1896). "Pygmies in Europe". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 25: 117–122.
  5. ^ Obermaier, Hugues (1907). "Quaternary Human Remains in Central Europe". Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the Year 1906 (PDF). Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 373–397.
  6. ^ Andrej Abplanalp (31 March 2017). "Magic in Palaeolithic times". Swiss National Museum. Retrieved 16 November 2025.

Bibliography

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  • Nüesch, Jakob: Das Schweizersbild, eine Niederlassung aus palaeolithischer und neolithischer Zeit, 1896.
  • Höneisen, Markus; Peyer, Sabine: Schweizersbild – ein Jägerlager der Späteiszeit. Beiträge und Dokumente zur Ausgrabung vor 100 Jahren, 1994.
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Media related to Schweizersbild at Wikimedia Commons