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Site diversity
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Site diversity is a technique used to improve the reliability of satellite communications by limiting atmospheric effects, particularly those caused by rain fade. A diversity scheme is typically required when using frequencies in the Ka, V, or W band.
The downlink transmissions of satellites cover large areas that may have different weather. The site diversity technique consists of linking two or more ground stations receiving the same signal: this way, if the signal is heavily attenuated in one area, another ground station can compensate. Areas of intense rain often have a horizontal length of no more than a few kilometers: putting the ground stations at a sufficient distance reduces the possibility of rain fade in the downlink signal.
The configuration works when the attenuation is not great at the two stations simultaneously, which is usually a valid assumption. Site diversity systems have been known to minimize disruption of service by major satellite carriers.
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