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Springfield Model 1812 Musket
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| Springfield Model 1812 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Musket |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1814–1865 |
| Used by | United States Confederate States |
| Wars | American Indian Wars Mexican–American War American Civil War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Eli Whitney |
| Designed | 1812 |
| Manufacturer | Springfield Armory Various private contractors |
| Produced | 1814–1816 |
| No. built | c. 30,000 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 9 lb (4.1 kg) |
| Length | 58 in (1,500 mm) |
| Barrel length | 42 in (1,100 mm) |
| Cartridge | Paper cartridge, buck and ball/musket ball (.65/16.510 mm) undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling |
| Caliber | .69 in (17.526 mm) |
| Action | Flintlock/percussion lock (conversion) |
| Rate of fire | User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute |
| Muzzle velocity | 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,200 ft/s (370 m/s) |
| Effective firing range | 50 to 100 yd (46 to 91 m)[1] |
| Maximum firing range | 150 to 300 yd (140 to 270 m)[1] |
| Feed system | Muzzle-loaded |
| Sights | A front sight cast into the upper barrel band |
The Springfield Model 1812 Musket is a .69 caliber flintlock musket manufactured by the Springfield Armory.
The War of 1812 revealed many weaknesses in the earlier Model 1795 Musket. The Model 1812 was an attempt to improve both the design and manufacturing process of the musket. The design borrowed heavily from the French Charleville model 1777 musket.[2] The Springfield Model 1812 musket arrived too late to be of use in the War of 1812 but would later become standard issue to regular infantry and militia units.[3]
The Model 1812 was a .69 caliber smoothbore musket, with a 42-inch (107 cm) barrel and a 54-inch (137 cm) stock, and a total length of 57-inch (145 cm). The Model 1812 was produced only at Springfield: the M1795 would continue in production at Harpers Ferry into 1818.[4]
The Model 1812 was produced in a quantity of almost 30,000 between the years 1814 and 1816. It was replaced by the Model 1816 Musket. However, the Model 1812 remained in service for many years, and was even used in the American Civil War, mostly by the Confederate forces. By the start of the Civil war, the weapon was considered to be old and obsolete but was needed to fill arms shortages.[5]
Some Model 1812 muskets were later converted to percussion lock firing mechanisms. The percussion cap system was much more reliable and weatherproof than the flintlock system used on the Model 1812 in its original configuration.
See also
[edit]- List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces
- List of wars involving the United States
- Military history of the United States
- United States Armed Forces
- Military of the Confederate States of America
- Charleville musket
- Brown Bess
- Potzdam Musket 1723
- M1752 Musket
- Springfield musket
- Harpers Ferry Model 1803
- M1819 Hall rifle
- Pattern 1853 Enfield
- Springfield Rifle
- Richmond rifle
- Fayetteville rifle
- Musket
- Rifle
- Carbine
- Historical reenactment
- American Civil War reenactment
References
[edit]- ^ a b Barbieri, Michael (2013-08-26). "How far is "musket-shot"? Farther than you think". Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ Springfield Armory Weapons Research
- ^ "Guns on the Early Frontiers" by Carl P. Russell, Published by U of Nebraska Press, 1980
- ^ "Guns of the Old West" by Charles Edward Chapel, Published by Courier Dover Publications, 2002
- ^ "A Civil War Treasury" By Albert A. Nofi, Published by Da Capo Press, 1995