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Talk:Assembloid
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Request for corrections: Historical timeline and citations
[edit] | This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= parameter to no to reactivate your request. |
I am requesting this edit because I am an employee of IMBA (Institute of Molecular Biotechnology) and believe it is appropriate for a neutral third party to review these corrections.
I have noticed that the current history section of this article attributes the development of organoid fusion solely to the Pașca lab and claims the term "assembloid" was coined in 2017. While this is a common misconception, the 2017 paper makes no mention of the term “assembloid” WP:FAILEDVERIFICATION.
Secondary sources (reviews by Qian et al. 2019 and Watanabe et al. 2020) establish that the technology was developed simultaneously by three independent laboratories (Pașca, Knoblich, and Park) in 2017. The term "assembloid" was not coined until 2018.
I propose the following 3 changes to restore historical accuracy and Neutral Point of View (WP:NPOV), supported by these secondary sources, and to reduce reliance on primary literature. I also propose separating the generation of Assembloids into two sections (History and Generation...) to improve the clarity of the page.
1. Update Lead Section: Establish the 2017 simultaneous development and fix the reference to the term coining.
An assembloid is a 3D in vitro cell culture model formed by the integration of at least one organoid with another organoid, spheroid, or specific cultured cell type to recapitulate structural and functional properties of an organ. They are typically derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Assembloids have been used to study cell migration, neural circuit assembly, neuro-immune interactions, metastasis, and other complex tissue processes.[1][2]
The methodology for fusing regionalised organoids was established in 2017 through simultaneous work by the laboratories of Sergiu P. Pașca, Jürgen Knoblich, and In-Hyun Park.[3][4][5][6] The term "assembloid" was subsequently proposed in 2018 to standardise the nomenclature for these multi-component systems.[2]
2. Update "History" and "Generation" Sections: Separate the historical discovery from the technical generation method.
History
[edit]The development of assembloids emerged from the need to model complex tissue interactions that single-region organoids could not capture. In 2017, methods for fusing regionally specified organoids were described independently by three laboratories (Pașca, Knoblich, and Park).[6][7] These approaches demonstrated the fusion of dorsal and ventral forebrain spheroids/organoids (Birey et al.; Bagley et al.) or the fusion of MGE-specified organoids (Xiang et al.).[3][4][5]
While these studies established the underlying technology, they originally used terms such as "Fused Organoids" or "Assembled spheroids." The term "assembloid" was coined in 2018 by Sergiu Pașca to unify the nomenclature.[2] This terminology was formally adopted in 2022 by a field-wide consensus group to encompass these fused systems.[1]
Generation of assembloids
[edit]Assembloid formation starts with the generation of organoids. Initially, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) are aggregated to generate regionalised organoids through directed differentiation.[2] There are multiple ways in which organoids can be assembled. Regionalised organoids can be placed in close proximity, resulting in their fusion to generate multi-region assembloids. Alternatively, organoids can be assembled by co-culture with other cell lineages, such as microglia or endothelial cells, or with tissue samples from animal dissection, leading to multi-lineage assembloids. Lastly, organoids can be assembled with morphogenic or organiser-like cells, thus generating polarised assembloids.
3. Addition to "Types" section: Add non-neural examples (Bladder/Gastrointestinal) which are currently missing.
Endodermal and mesodermal assembloids
While initial assembloid models focused on the nervous system, the technology has been adapted to model complex epithelial-stromal interactions in other organs.
Bladder Assembloids: In 2020, Kim et al. (Park Lab) generated bladder assembloids by assembling pluripotent stem cell-derived urothelium with stromal and muscle components. Unlike neural models, which often fuse similar tissue types, this approach integrated three distinct lineages to successfully recapitulate the multi-layered architecture of the bladder. These assembloids have been used to study urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) and tissue regeneration.[8]
Gastrointestinal Models: Multi-lineage assembly has also been used to introduce mesenchymal niches to intestinal organoids. For example, fusing epithelium with mesenchymal cells improves the maturation of the organoids and allows for the modelling of inflammatory responses and crypt-niche interactions.[9] TMinch (talk) 10:56, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
Not done: The {{edit semi-protected}}template is for requesting changes to semi-protected pages. For conflict of interest requests, please use{{Edit COI}}instead. {{GearsDatapack|talk|contribs}} 11:00, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
Request for corrections: Historical timeline and citations
[edit] | The user below has a request that an edit be made to Assembloid. That user has an actual or apparent conflict of interest. The requested edits backlog is very high. Please be extremely patient. There are currently 336 requests waiting for review. Please read the instructions for the parameters used by this template for accepting and declining them, and review the request below and make the edit if it is well sourced, neutral, and follows other Wikipedia guidelines and policies. |
Sorry for using the incorrect template please find my edit request below:
I am requesting this edit because I am an employee of IMBA (Institute of Molecular Biotechnology) and believe it is appropriate for a neutral third party to review these corrections.
I have noticed that the current history section of this article attributes the development of organoid fusion solely to the Pașca lab and claims the term "assembloid" was coined in 2017. While this is a common misconception, the 2017 paper makes no mention of the term “assembloid” WP:FAILEDVERIFICATION.
Secondary sources (reviews by Qian et al. 2019 and Watanabe et al. 2020) establish that the technology was developed simultaneously by three independent laboratories (Pașca, Knoblich, and Park) in 2017. The term "assembloid" was not coined until 2018.
I propose the following 3 changes to restore historical accuracy and Neutral Point of View (WP:NPOV), supported by these secondary sources, and to reduce reliance on primary literature.
1. Update Lead Section: Establish the 2017 simultaneous development and fix the reference to the term coining.
An assembloid is a 3D in vitro cell culture model formed by the integration of at least one organoid with another organoid, spheroid, or specific cultured cell type to recapitulate structural and functional properties of an organ. They are typically derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Assembloids have been used to study cell migration, neural circuit assembly, neuro-immune interactions, metastasis, and other complex tissue processes.[1][2]
The methodology for fusing regionalised organoids was established in 2017 through simultaneous work by the laboratories of Sergiu P. Pașca, Jürgen Knoblich, and In-Hyun Park.[3][4][5][6] The term "assembloid" was subsequently proposed in 2018 to standardise the nomenclature for these multi-component systems.[2]
2. Update "History" and "Generation" Sections: Separate the historical discovery from the technical generation method.
History
[edit]The development of assembloids emerged from the need to model complex tissue interactions that single-region organoids could not capture. In 2017, methods for fusing regionally specified organoids were described independently by three laboratories (Pașca, Knoblich, and Park).[6][7] These approaches demonstrated the fusion of dorsal and ventral forebrain spheroids/organoids (Birey et al.; Bagley et al.) or the fusion of MGE-specified organoids (Xiang et al.).[3][4][5]
While these studies established the underlying technology, they originally used terms such as "Fused Organoids" or "Assembled spheroids." The term "assembloid" was coined in 2018 by Sergiu Pașca to unify the nomenclature.[2] This terminology was formally adopted in 2022 by a field-wide consensus group to encompass these fused systems.[1]
Generation of assembloids
[edit]Assembloid formation starts with the generation of organoids. Initially, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) are aggregated to generate regionalised organoids through directed differentiation.[2] There are multiple ways in which organoids can be assembled. Regionalised organoids can be placed in close proximity, resulting in their fusion to generate multi-region assembloids. Alternatively, organoids can be assembled by co-culture with other cell lineages, such as microglia or endothelial cells, or with tissue samples from animal dissection, leading to multi-lineage assembloids. Lastly, organoids can be assembled with morphogenic or organiser-like cells, thus generating polarised assembloids.
3. Addition to "Types" section: Add non-neural examples (Bladder/Gastrointestinal) which are currently missing.
Endodermal and mesodermal assembloids
While initial assembloid models focused on the nervous system, the technology has been adapted to model complex epithelial-stromal interactions in other organs.
Bladder Assembloids: In 2020, Kim et al. (Park Lab) generated bladder assembloids by assembling pluripotent stem cell-derived urothelium with stromal and muscle components. Unlike neural models, which often fuse similar tissue types, this approach integrated three distinct lineages to successfully recapitulate the multi-layered architecture of the bladder. These assembloids have been used to study urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) and tissue regeneration.[8]
Gastrointestinal Models: Multi-lineage assembly has also been used to introduce mesenchymal niches to intestinal organoids. For example, fusing epithelium with mesenchymal cells improves the maturation of the organoids and allows for the modelling of inflammatory responses and crypt-niche interactions.[9]
References
- ^ a b c d Pașca, Sergiu P.; Arlotta, Paola; Bateup, Helen S.; Camp, J. Gray; et al. (2022). "A nomenclature consensus for neuronal systems and assembloids derived from human pluripotent stem cells". Nature. 609 (7929): 934–943. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05219-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Pașca, Sergiu P. (2018). "The rise of three-dimensional human brain cultures". Nature. 553: 437–445. doi:10.1038/nature25032.
- ^ a b c d Bagley, Joshua A.; Reumann, Daniel; Bian, Shan; Lévi-Strauss, Jeylan; Knoblich, Jürgen A. (2017). "Fused cerebral organoids model interactions between brain regions". Nature Methods. 14 (7): 743–751. doi:10.1038/nmeth.4304.
- ^ a b c d Birey, Fikri; Andersen, Jimena; Makinson, Christopher D.; et al. (2017). "Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids". Nature. 545 (7652): 54–59. doi:10.1038/nature22330.
- ^ a b c d Xiang, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Patterson, B.; et al. (2017). "Fusion of Regionally Specified hPSC-Derived Organoids Models Human Brain Development and Interneuron Migration". Cell Stem Cell. 21 (3): 383–398.e7. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.007.
- ^ a b c d Qian, Xuyu; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li (15 April 2019). "Brain organoids: advances, applications and challenges". Development. 146 (8). doi:10.1242/dev.166074.
- ^ a b Watanabe, M.; Buth, J.E.; Vishlaghi, N. (2020). "Application of Fused Organoid Models to Study Human Brain Development and Neural Disorders". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 14: 133. doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00133.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Kim, E.; Choi, S.; Kang, B.; et al. (2020). "Creation of Bladder Assembloids Mimicking Tissue Regeneration and Cancer". Nature. 588 (7839): 664–669. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3034-x.
- ^ a b Lin, M.; Hartl, K.; Heuberger, J.; et al. (2023). "Establishment of gastrointestinal assembloids to study the interplay between epithelial crypts and their mesenchymal niche". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 3025. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38780-3.