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Former good articleRabies was one of the good articles, but it has been removed from the list. There are suggestions below for improving the article to meet the good article criteria. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be renominated. Editors may also seek a reassessment of the decision if they believe there was a mistake.
Article milestones
DateProcessResult
February 5, 2006Good article nomineeListed
January 21, 2009Good article reassessmentDelisted
On this day...Facts from this article were featured on Wikipedia's Main Page in the "On this day..." column on July 6, 2006, and July 6, 2007.
Current status: Delisted good article

Update (rabies in the US)

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In the section "Epidemiology", subsection "United States", the phrase "The most recent rabies death in the United States was in November 2021, where a Texas child was bitten by a bat in late August 2021 but his parents failed to get him treatment. He died less than three months later." needs to be updated. There has been a rabies death in November 2024, when a California teacher died from rabies contracted from a bat. [1] [2] [3]. The text needs to be updated (or simply removed since the date of "the most recent rabies death in the United States" is not static). 82.78.48.69 (talk) 23:54, 24 January 2025 (UTC)[reply]

There have been 6 rabies related deaths in the US in 2025 already, see
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/rabies-outbreaks-rising-us-deaths-vaccine-rcna227771?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us 37.4.251.232 (talk) 18:45, 1 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Semi-protected edit request on 24 March 2025

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Rabies Clinical Presentation Human Rabies may present terminally in two forms: Encephalitic (Furious) or Paralytic (dumb). Regardless of terminal form, the infection follows three clinical stages which are incubation, prodrome and acute neurological dysfunction which either takes the Encephalitic or Paralytic form 

Encephalitic form (Furious)

This form represents the majority of clinical presentation of rabies infection; two thirds to four fifths of Rabies infection will eventually develop into the furious form [144]. Initial infection with this form of rabies may present as Flulike symptoms including malaise, pharyngitis, fever [146]. Of note is the presence of paraesthesia at the bite wound. These paraesthesias most frequently include numbness or burning sensations. Typical neurological symptoms of the Encephalitic (furious) type at the terminal stage includes extreme agitation which may include aggressive behaviour, seizures which can manifest as both general and or focal and copious salivation [146]. Hydrophobia and aerophobia are also expected in this form of presentation. The Hydrophobic and aerophobic symptoms due to spasms of the airways especially of the throat and larynx. The furious form of Rabies predominantly leads to death within one week of the start of neurological symptoms. Death typically occurring through failure of the cardiac and or respiratory systems [148]. Notably, paralysis may also eventually occur prior to death.

Paralytic Form (Dumb or Paralytic) 

	This form represents up to one third of clinical presentation of rabies infection. This form of rabies is associated with post exposure vaccines as well as bites from infected vampire bats [146]. Initial infection with this clinical form resembles the initial presentation of Encephalitic rabies with non-specific symptoms such as fever or headache and also includes paraesthesia at the wound site [149]. However, the terminal presentation of the paralytic form is characterized by ascending paralysis. This occurs without the classic furious symptoms of Encephalitic rabies and is often mistaken for the polyneuropathy Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) [145]. The paralysis is flaccid like GBS and eventually renders victims unable to perform their own respiratory requirements, often requiring mechanical ventilation. The course of this terminal form is more prolonged than the Encephalitic form and survival is typical up to (14) days after presentation of paralysis


References 144. Mahadevan, A., Suja, M. S., Mani, R. S., & Shankar, S. K. (2016). Perspectives in Diagnosis and Treatment of Rabies Viral Encephalitis: Insights from Pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 13(3), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-016-0452-4 145. Shuangshoti, S., Thorner, P. S., Teerapakpinyo, C., Thepa, N., Phukpattaranont, P., Intarut, N., Lumlertdacha, B., Tepsumethanon, V., & Hemachudha, T. (2016). Intracellular Spread of Rabies Virus Is Reduced in the Paralytic Form of Canine Rabies Compared to the Furious Form. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(6), e0004748. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004748 146. Ghosh, J. B., Roy, M., Lahiri, K., Bala, A. K., & Roy, M. (2009). Acute flaccid paralysis due to rabies. Journal of pediatric neurosciences, 4(1), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.49106. 147. Hemachudha, T., Ugolini, G., Wacharapluesadee, S., Sungkarat, W., Shuangshoti, S., & Laothamatas, J. (2013). Human rabies: Neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and Management. The Lancet Neurology, 12(5), 498–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 148. WHO.( 2024). Rabies. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies#:~:text=Furious%20rabies%20results%20in%20hyperactivity,due%20to%20cardio%2Drespiratory%20arrest. JSimmon1 (talk) 06:45, 25 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]

 Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. PianoDan (talk) 23:14, 25 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]

WP:BIAS and general writing

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The current article requires some cleanup and correction, possibly from having had previously better organized material shunted out of its Epidemiology section.

  • "After exposure" needs to merge its two separate discussions of the treatment regime. The second and last paragraphs cover exactly the same information, contradicting each other on the location of the newer vaccine regimen. Figure out which location is actually correct, if both are options, or if one is specific only to infant care, and simply cover the material once in a reworded second paragraph.
  • "Epidemiology" currently has the nonsensical organization of
    • India (which leads the world in cases)
    • Australia (identified as rabies free in the section illustration and text, but home to a "rabies-causing" non-rabies virus, which should obviously be clarified; either the disease isn't rabies or the country isn't rabies-free)
    • United States
    • Europe (largely rabies free)
    • Mexico
    • Asian countries

Obviously, despite the Anglocentric focus of our WP:READERship, the sections should either be countries in alphabetical order (as usual) or continents in order of annual incidents (most likely more appropriate here); India is part of Asia; Asia doesn't mean Southeast Asia; North Korea isn't in Southeast Asia; and China as a superpower & tourist destination but the 2nd highest location of the disease should be in the Asian list. Better still, it should have its own subsection briefly covering the dangerous areas of the country (as from this source) and clarifying, no, Beijing and Shanghai aren't at any real risk but visitors to rural Guizhou etc. very much are. Africa should of course be mentioned at greater length.

The existence of Prevalence of rabies is a good reason to be terser in the coverage of areas without any actual risk (North America and Europe should be a single paragraph here, if not a single sentence) as well as reducing WP:UNDUE verbosity about minor countries like Cambodia (the subsection should be ported to the forked article, along with the lengthy discussion on Thailand) but isn't a reason for the current mess or lack of any meaningful content about China or Africa. — LlywelynII 21:13, 2 May 2025 (UTC)[reply]

WP:SOFIXIT IzzySwag (talk) 14:52, 9 May 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I agree that the Epidemiology section is a complete mess and must be rewritten. It has to be shortened (there is a Prevalence of rabies article), and it has to be structured by continent, with the continents listed in alphabetical order. There shouldn't be any overemphasis on any country, although the fact that India amounts for over a third of all human rabies deaths in the world should be mentioned. With regard to "rabies free countries", it is important to understand the terminology: in the context where this is used, "rabies free" means free of terrestrial rabies and likely free of classical rabies virus in bats, but it does not mean free of other lyssaviruses such as the Australian bat lyssavirus, the European bat 1 lyssavirus, the European bat 2 lyssavirus, which affect bats and also cause rabies. This source (the European Rabies Bulletin) says: "In Europe, six different lyssavirus species are known to circulate in bats [...] It can be assumed that bat rabies occurs all over Europe."[4]. 2A02:2F0F:B301:9F00:B1BC:7D7F:666E:A957 (talk) 11:19, 18 July 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Suicides after bites by suspected carriers

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Re this diff. ThePlatypusofDoom says that the cited source doesn't mention this claim. But it does:

This seems pretty directly on point for the removed claim, which was

It was not uncommon for a person bitten by a dog merely suspected of being rabid to commit suicide or to be killed by others.

I'm not reverting immediately because you could still ask whether this is adequate sourcing or whether the content should appear at this spot, but on its face I don't see much wrong with it. --Trovatore (talk) 04:44, 9 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Remove outdated information from the section "Epidemiology" subsection "United States" (extended-confirmed-protected edit request)

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In the section "Epidemiology", subsection "United States", it is stated "The most recent rabies death in the United States was in November 2021, where a Texas child was bitten by a bat in late August 2021 but his parents failed to get him treatment. He died less than three months later.[118]".

This information is outdated, since there have been several human rabies deaths since 2021 in the United States, including in 2025. This source from Aug. 31, 2025 [5] states "Six deaths from rabies have been reported over the last 12 months in the U.S., the highest number in years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention".

Therefore, please remove the paragraph ""The most recent rabies death in the United States was in November 2021, where a Texas child was bitten by a bat in late August 2021 but his parents failed to get him treatment. He died less than three months later.[118]". 2A02:2F0F:B300:C00:5DD1:D5D1:9A75:E82C (talk) 07:50, 24 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Done, I have removed the paragraph; I do not believe we need information on specific cases in this broad article (unless the cases are notable themselves). Traumnovelle (talk) 08:38, 24 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Adding Aerophobia symptom and add risk factors

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I am going to put "extreme aversion to air" since Rabies can cause any infected humans to fear air since if they feel air drafts, it causes spasms on them. You can learn in this reference here:[1] Also I will add all risk factors such as bites or scratch from infected animal, saliva contact on broken skin and mucus membranes. Thank you. Ryansean071 (talk) 21:12, 20 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Easy fix for unintentionally-misleading sentence

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"… Jenna Giese… the first human known to have survived rabies without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis [PEP] before symptom onset.", under After onset, can easily be misunderstood as "… Jenna Giese… the first human known to have survived asymptomatic rabies without getting PEP".

This is troublesome, since it would directly contradict the lede: "Once symptoms appear, the result is virtually always death.", and "…the findings of the research suggest previously undocumented cases of infection and viral replication followed by an abortive infection.". (Or to summarize: Symptomatic rabies is virtually always fatal, but there are documented cases of people with rabies antibodies despite not having been vaccinated i.e. PEP.)

Proposed edit: from "… Jenna Giese… the first human known to have survived rabies without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis before symptom onset."

to "… Jenna Giese… the first human known to have survived symptomatic rabies without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis."

or "… Jenna Giese… the first human known to have survived rabies after developing symptoms (without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis)."

Also, if it helps, https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Health/story?id=411720&page=1 is an additional source confirming that she developed symptomatic rabies before the Milwaukee protocol was started. I went searching before checking the sources for the sentence—but after I found my own, I checked and saw that at least the first source also confirms she developed severe symptoms before the Milwaukee protocol was started. 50.210.38.173 (talk) 14:34, 2 November 2025 (UTC)[reply]

While closing up the tabs I had opened while documenting the above, I belatedly realized: Somehow I missed noticing a typo in the article. As documented in the sources, her name is actually Jeanna Giese (not Jenna Giese). I guess that's what I get for being laser-focused on the fact she developed symptomatic rabies, not asymptomatic. (^_^)˚
So the proposed edits should be to "… Jeanna Giese… the first human known to have survived symptomatic rabies without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis."
or "… Jeanna Giese… the first human known to have survived rabies after developing symptoms (without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis)."50.210.38.173 (talk) 14:43, 2 November 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Added (del) formatting to strike through " in the article" above, to correct my misperception that I had faithfully copypasted the article without changes. Not sure how, but I introduced the error myself. 50.210.38.173 (talk) 16:03, 2 November 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Postscript: I'll keep checking back on this, if there are any questions. Also, please note that this isn't a case of "Someone else do the work for me", it's a case of being unable because the article is protected — and the work involved would only be for an editor to copypaste one of the two suggested fixes. ~2025-36575-27 (talk) 17:39, 26 November 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I will just note the following - the lede says:
"Once symptoms appear, the result is virtually always death."
but it does not say:
"Once symptoms appear, the result is always death."
The former allows that there may be those who haven't died after symptoms appear, while the latter doesn't.
I'm not well-versed enough in these details to make a decision on what verbiage is appropriate or needs to be changed. When I have time later I may look into it. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 18:51, 26 November 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Indeed, thank you for echoing the quote I also referred to. To clear up any possible uncertainty, I'm not objecting to its wording at all (in fact, I think it supports my point).
The problem I perceive is that "… Jeanna Giese… the first human known to have survived rabies without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis [PEP] before symptom onset." (under After onset) can easily be misunderstood as "… Jeanna Giese… the first human known to have survived asymptomatic rabies without getting PEP". That is to say, it can be misread as asserting that no one ever survived rabies at all before she did. Which is incorrect, given that the lede correctly points out that cases have been documented of people who apparently survived abortive infections and developed antibodies despite not being vaccinated. (Not to mention, she most definitely did develop [severe] symptoms before being treated with the Milwaukee protocol.) ~2025-36575-27 (talk) 04:05, 27 November 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Rare case of human-to-human transmission

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This week a case report was released detailing how one patient, who died of rabies, had his kidney transplanted into another patient, who also died of rabies. As this is extremely rare (I believe only the 3rd documented case of rabies-by-transplant) should it be mentioned? https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7439a1.htm EllieDellie (talk) 23:09, 9 December 2025 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ "Rabies: A Deadly Viral Disease". Visible Body. Retrieved 21 July 2023.