Wiki Article
Template:HS number
Nguồn dữ liệu từ Wikipedia, hiển thị bởi DefZone.Net
This template is used to create an indented entry in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments.
Entries should be understandable without having seen higher level entries.
Usage
[edit]{{HS number|1}} →
- 1: Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.
while
{{HS number|11}} →
- 11: Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.
Complete list
- 1: Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.
- 11: Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.
- 111: Directly struck idiophones. Instrument that is struck by a player directly; either by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
- 111.1: Concussion (clapper) idiophones. Complementary sound producing parts are stuck against each other.
- 111.11: Stick concussion idiophones. Stick clappers.
- 111.12: Plaque concussion idiophones. Plaque clappers.
- 111.13: Trough concussion idiophones. Trough clappers.
- 111.14: Vessel concussion idiophones. Vessel clappers.
- 111.141: Hollow vessel concussion idiophones. Natural and hollowed vessel clappers.
- 111.142: Vessel concussion idiophones with manufactured or everted rims.
- 111.2: Percussion (mallet) idiophones. Instrument struck with or against a non-sonorous object.
- 111.21: Stick percussion idiophones.
- 111.211: Individual percussion stick idiophones.
- 111.212: Sets of percussion sticks.
- 111.22: Plaque percussion idiophones.
- 111.221: Individual plaque percussion idiophones.
- 111.222: Sets of plaque percussion.
- 111.23: Tube percussion idiophones.
- 111.231: Individual tube percussion idiophones.
- 111.232: Sets of tube percussion.
- 111.24: Vessel percussion idiophones.
- 111.241: Percussion vessels where the vibration is strongest near the vertex: Gongs.
- 111.241.1: Individual gongs.
- 111.241.2: Sets of gongs.
- 111.242: Percussion vessels where the vibration is weakest near the vertex: Bells.
- 111.242.1: Individual bells.
- 111.242.11: Individual resting bells whose opening faces upward.
- 111.242.12: Individual hanging bells suspended from the apex.
- 111.242.121: Individual hanging bells suspended from the apex without internal strikers.
- 111.242.122: Individual hanging bells suspended from the apex with internal strikers.
- 111.242.2: Sets of bells.
- 111.242.21: Sets of resting bells whose opening faces upward.
- 111.242.22: Sets of hanging bells suspended from the apex.
- 111.242.221: Sets of hanging bells without internal strikers.
- 111.242.222: Sets of hanging bells with internal strikers.
- 112: Instrument that is not directly struck by a player; percussion results indirectly by some other movement by the player.
- 112.1: Shaken indirectly struck idiophones.
- 112.11: Suspension rattles.
- 112.111: Strung rattles. Rattling objects that are strung in rows on a cord.
- 112.112: Stick rattles. Rattling objects strung on a bar or ring.
- 112.12: Frame rattles.
- 112.121: Pendant rattles.
- 112.122: Sliding rattles.
- 112.13: Vessel rattles.
- 112.2: Scraped indirectly struck idiophones.
- 112.21: Scraped sticks.
- 112.211: Scraped sticks without a resonator.
- 112.212: Scraped sticks with a resonator.
- 112.22: Scraped tubes.
- 112.23: Scraped vessels.
- 112.24: Scraped wheels/Cog rattles.
- 112.3: Indirectly struck split idiophones.
- 12: Instruments set into vibration by plucking.
- 121: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae within a frame or hoop being plucked.
- 121.1: Clack idiophones or Cricri, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator.
- 121.2: Guimbardes and Jaw harps, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.
- 121.21: Idioglot guimbardes. The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument.
- 121.22: Heteroglot guimbardes. The lamella is attached to the frame of the instrument.
- 121.221: Individual heteroglot guimbardes.
- 121.222: Sets of heteroglot guimbardes.
- 122: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked.
- 122.1: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked: lace lamellae.
- 122.11: Lace lamellae without resonator.
- 122.12: Lace lamellae with resonator.
- 122.2: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked: cut-out lamellae.
- 13: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing.
- 131: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: sticks.
- 131.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual sticks.
- 131.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks.
- 131.21: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks with direct friction.
- 131.22: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks without direct friction.
- 132: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: plaques.
- 132.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual plaques.
- 132.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple plaques.
- 133: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: vessels.
- 133.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual vessels.
- 133.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple vessels.
- 14: Instruments set into vibration by blowing or moving air.
- 141: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks.
- 141.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: individual.
- 141.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: multiple.
- 142: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques.
- 142.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: individual.
- 142.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: multiple.
- 15: Idiophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
- 2: Instruments in which sound is produced primarily through a vibrating membrane (membranophone). This includes all drums.
- 21: Instruments which have a struck membrane.
- 211: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane.
- 211.1: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped (kettledrums).
- 211.11: A single instrument which has a directly struck membrane in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped.
- 211.12: A set of directly struck membranophones with dish- or bowl-shaped bodies.
- 211.2: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane in which the body is tubular (tubular drums).
- 211.21: Tubular drums in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (cylindrical drums).
- 211.211: Cylindrical drums with only one usable membrane.
- 211.211.1: Cylindrical drums with only one usable membrane and the end without a membrane is open.
- 211.211.2: Cylindrical drums with only one usable membrane and the end without a membrane is not open.
- 211.212: Cylindrical drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.212.1: Single cylindrical drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.212.2: Sets of cylindrical drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.22: Tubular drums in which the body is barrel-shaped (barrel drums).
- 211.221: Barrel drums with one usable membrane.
- 211.221.1: Barrel drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is open.
- 211.221.2: Barrel drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is closed.
- 211.222: Barrel drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.222.1: Individual barrel drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.222.2: Sets of barrel drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.23: Tubular drums in which the body is double-conical.
- 211.231: Double-conical drums with one usable membrane.
- 211.231.1: Double-conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is open.
- 211.231.2: Double-conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is closed.
- 211.232: Double-conical drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.232.1: Individual barrel drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.232.2: Sets of barrel drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.24: Tubular drums in which the body is hourglass-shaped.
- 211.241: Hourglass tubular drums with one usable membrane.
- 211.241.1: Hourglass tubular drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is open.
- 211.241.2: Hourglass tubular drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is closed.
- 211.242: Hourglass tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.242.1: Individual hourglass tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.242.2: Sets of hourglass tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.25: Tubular drums in which the body is conical-shaped (conical drums).
- 211.251: Conical drums with one usable membrane.
- 211.251.1: Conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is open.
- 211.251.2: Conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is closed.
- 211.252: Conical drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.252.1: Individual conical tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.252.2: Sets of conical tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.26: Tubular drums in which the body is goblet-shaped (goblet drums).
- 211.261: Goblet drums with one usable membrane.
- 211.261.1: Goblet drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is open.
- 211.261.2: Goblet drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is closed.
- 211.262: Goblet drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.262.1: Individual goblet tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.262.2: Sets of goblet tubular drums with two usable membranes.
- 211.3: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane (frame drums).
- 211.31: Frame drums which do not have a handle.
- 211.311: Frame drums which do not have a handle which have one usable membrane.
- 211.312: Frame drums which do not have a handle which have two usable membranes.
- 211.32: Frame drums which do have a handle.
- 211.321: Individual frame drums which do have a handle.
- 211.322: Sets of frame drums which do have a handle.
- 212: Instruments which have a membrane and are shaken.
- 22: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane vibrates.
- 23: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction.
- 231: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick.
- 231.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: individual.
- 231.11: Friction drums with a stick that can not be moved inserted in a hole in the membrane and subject to rubbing, causing friction on the membrane.
- 231.12: Friction drums with a semi-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane.
- 231.13: Friction drums with a freely-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane and rubbed against it.
- 231.2: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: multiple.
- 232: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord.
- 232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is held stationary.
- 232.11: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have only one usable membrane.
- 232.12: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have more than one usable membrane.
- 232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is twirled by a cord, which rubs in a notch on the stick held by the player.
- 233: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by hands.
- 24: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane.
- 241: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane without a chamber.
- 242: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane with a chamber.
- 25: Membranophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
- 31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument
- 311: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (bar zithers)
- 311.1: Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer
- 311.111: Instruments in which there is only one idiochord string
- 311.112: Instruments in which there are more than one idiochord strings, all of which pass over a bridge or toothed stick
- 311.12: Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer
- 311.121: Instruments with only one heterochord string
- 311.121.1: Instrument does not have a resonator, not counting the human mouth as a resonator
- 311.121.11: Instrument does not have a tuning noose
- 311.121.12: Instrument has a tuning noose, i.e. a fiber noose that divides the string into two parts
- 311.121.2: Instrument has a resonator
- 311.121.21: Instrument has an independent resonator
- 311.121.22: Instrument has a resonator that is attached
- 311.121.221: Instrument does not have a tuning noose
- 311.121.222: Instrument does have a tuning noose
- 311.122: Instrument has several heterochord strings
- 311.122.1: Instrument has no tuning noose
- 311.122.2: Instrument has a tuning noose
- 311.2: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier (stick zither)
- 311.21: Instrument has a string carrier with one curved, flexible end (musical bow)
- 311.211: Instrument has one resonator gourd
- 311.22: Instrument has no curved or flexible end (true stick zither)
- 311.221: Instrument has one resonator gourd
- 311.222: Instrument has more than one resonator gourds
- 312: Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface (tube zithers)
- 312.1: Instrument has a string carrier made from a complete tube (whole-tube zithers)
- 312.11: Instrument is an idiochord
- 312.12: Instrument is a heterochord
- 312.121: Instrument has no extra resonator
- 312.122: Instrument has an extra resonator
- 312.2: Instrument has strings that are stretched across a convex gutter (half-tube zithers)
- 312.21: Instrument is an idiochord
- 312.22: Instrument is a heterochord
- 313: Instrument has a string bearer made from canes tied together like a raft (raft zithers)
- 313.1: Instrument is an idiochord
- 313.2: Instrument is an heterochord
- 314: Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground (board zithers)
- 314.1: Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer
- 314.11: Instrument without a resonator
- 314.12: Instrument has a resonator
- 314.121: Instrument has a resonator bowl, made from fruit shells or similar objects, or an equivalently-shaped carving
- 314.122: Instrument has a resonator made from slats (box zithers)
- 314.2: Instrument consists of strings that are at right angles to the string bearer
- 314.21: Instrument has only one string, and the ground is the string bearer (ground zithers)
- 314.22: Instrument has a board which acts as string bearer for multiple strings stretched across a notched bridge (harp zithers)
- 315: Instrument with strings stretched across the mouth of a trough (trough zithers)
- 315.1: Instrument without a resonator
- 315.2: Instrument has a resonator, made from a gourd or similar items
- 316: Instrument uses strings stretched across an open frame (frame zither)
- 316.1: Instrument has no resonator
- 316.2: Instrument has a resonator
- 321.2: Instruments in which the string is attached to a yoke that consists of a cross-bar and two arms, with the yoke lying in the same plane as the sound-table (lyres or yoke lutes)
- 321.21: Instruments in which the resonator is bowl-shaped, either carved or natural
- 321.22: Instruments in which the resonator is a built-up wooden box
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through or over the resonator (spike lutes)
- 321.311: Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved (spike bowl lutes)
- 321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is in the form of a box (spike box lutes, spike guitars)
- 321.313: Instrument in which the handle passes diametrically through the walls of a tube (where the depth of the body exceeds the radius of the membrane) (spike tube lutes)
- 321.314: Instrument in which the handle passes diametrically through the walls of a circular frame (where the depth of the body does not exceed the radius of the membrane). (spike frame lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.321: Instrument whose body is shaped like a bowl (necked bowl lutes)
- 321.322: Instrument whose body is shaped like a box (necked box lutes)
- 321.33: Instrument in which the handle extends into but does not pass completely through the resonator (tanged lutes)
- 322.1: Instrument without a pillar (open harps)
- 322.11: Instrument has a neck that curves away from the resonator (arched harp)
- 322.12: Instrument has a neck that sharply angles away from the resonator (angular harps)
- 322.2: Instrument has a pillar (frame harps)
- 322.21: Instrument has no tuning action
- 322.211: Instrument is diatonic
- 322.212: Instrument is chromatic
- 322.212.1: Instrument has strings in one plane
- 322.212.2: Instrument has strings in two planes which cross each other
- 322.22: Instrument has tuning action
- 322.221: Instrument can be tuned with hand levers
- 322.222: Instrument can be tuned with pedal-operated levers
- 323: Instrument has strings that lay at right angles to the sound table, so that a line joining the lower tips of the strings would be perpendicular to the neck, and the instrument has a notched bridge.
- 33: Chordophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
- 4: Instruments in which sound is produced through vibrating air (aerophone). This includes wind instruments and free-reed instruments.
- 41: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
- 411: Instruments in which an air-stream meets a sharp edge, or a sharp edge is moved through the air.
- 412: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument and is interrupted periodically.
- 412.1: Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
- 412.11: Concussion reeds.
- 412.12: Percussion (single lamella) reeds.
- 412.121: Individual percussion reeds.
- 412.122: Sets of percussion reeds.
- 412.131: Individual free reeds.
- 412.132: Sets of free reeds.
- 412.14: Band reeds.
- 412.2: Non-idiophonic interruptive instruments. The interruptive agent is not a reed.
- 412.21: Rotating aerophones. The interruptive agent rotates in its own plane and does not turn on its axis.
- 412.22: Whirling aerophones. The interruptive agent turns on its axis.
- 413: Instruments in which the sound is caused by a single compression and release of air.
- 42: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
- 421: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through air blowing against an edge.
- 421.1: Flutes without fipple/duct.
- 421.11: End-blown flutes (the player blows against the sharp rim at the upper open end of a tube) without fipple/duct.
- 421.111: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.111.1: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is open.
- 421.111.11: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is open without fingerholes.
- 421.111.12: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is open with fingerholes.
- 421.111.2: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is stopped/closed.
- 421.111.21: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is stopped/closed without fingerholes.
- 421.111.22: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is stopped/closed with fingerholes.
- 421.112: Sets of end-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.112.1: Sets of open end-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.112.11: Sets of open end-blown flutes without fipple tied together in a raft/board shape.
- 421.112.12: Sets of open end-blown flutes without fipple tied together in a round/circle shape.
- 421.112.2: Sets of closed end-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.112.3: Sets of mixed open and closed end-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.12: Side-blown flutes (the player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube) without fipple/duct.
- 421.121: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.121.1: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are open.
- 421.121.11: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are open without fingerholes.
- 421.121.12: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are open with fingerholes.
- 421.121.2: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are partly stopped/closed.
- 421.121.3: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed.
- 421.121.31: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed without fingerholes.
- 421.121.311: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed without fingerholes with fixed end.
- 421.121.312: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed without fingerholes with adjustable end.
- 421.121.32: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed with fingerholes.
- 421.122: Sets of side-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.122.1: Sets of open side-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.122.2: Sets of closed side-blown flutes without fipple.
- 421.13: Vessel flutes without distinct beak (the body of the pipe is not tubular but vessel-shaped) and without fipple/duct.
- 421.2: Flutes with fipple/duct.
- 421.21: Flutes with external fipple.
- 421.211: Single flutes with external fipple.
- 421.211.1: Open single flutes with external fipple.
- 421.211.11: Open single flutes with external fipple without fingerholes.
- 421.211.12: Open single flutes with external fipple with fingerholes.
- 421.211.2: Partially stopped single flutes with external fipple.
- 421.211.3: Stopped single flutes with external fipple.
- 421.212: Sets of flutes with external fipple.
- 421.22: Flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.221: Individual flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.221.1: Individual open flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.221.11: Individual open flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes.
- 421.221.12: Individual open flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes.
- 421.221.2: Individual partly-stopped flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.221.3: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.221.31: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes.
- 421.221.311: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes with fixed end.
- 421.221.312: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes with adjustable end.
- 421.221.32: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes.
- 421.221.4: Vessel flutes with fipple.
- 421.221.41: Vessel flutes with fipple without fingerholes.
- 421.221.42: Vessel flutes with fipple with fingerholes.
- 421.222: Sets of flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.222.1: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.222.11: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes.
- 421.222.12: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes.
- 421.222.2: Sets of partly-stopped flutes with internal fipple.
- 421.222.3: Sets of stopped flutes with internal fipple.
- 422: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through air directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
- 422.1: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
- 422.11: Individual oboes.
- 422.111: Individual oboes with cylindrical bores.
- 422.111.1: Individual oboes with cylindrical bores and without fingerholes.
- 422.111.2: Individual oboes with cylindrical bores and with fingerholes.
- 422.112: Individual oboes with conical bores.
- 422.12: Sets of oboes.
- 422.121: Sets of oboes with cylindrical bores.
- 422.122: Sets of oboes with conical bores.
- 422.2: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a single lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
- 422.21: Individual clarinets.
- 422.211: Individual clarinets with cylindrical bores.
- 422.211.1: Individual clarinets with cylindrical bores and without fingerholes.
- 422.211.2: Individual clarinets with cylindrical bores and with fingerholes.
- 422.212: Individual clarinets with conical bores.
- 422.22: Sets of clarinets.
- 422.3: Instruments in which a reed vibrates through [at] a closely fitted frame. There must be tone holes, otherwise the instrument belongs to the free reeds 412.1.
- 422.31: Single pipes with free reed.
- 422.32: Double pipes with free reed.
- 423: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through the player's vibrating lips setting the air in motion.
- 423.1: Instruments in which the player's vibrating lips set the air in motion and are the only means of changing the pitch.
- 423.11: Conch (serving as horn).
- 423.111: End blown conch.
- 423.111.1: End blown conch without mouthpiece.
- 423.111.2: End blown conch with mouthpiece.
- 423.112: Side-blown conch.
- 423.12: Tubular trumpets.
- 423.121: End-blown tubular trumpets.
- 423.121.1: Straight end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded.
- 423.121.11: Straight end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded without mouthpiece.
- 423.121.12: Straight end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded with mouthpiece.
- 423.121.2: Curved or folded end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded.
- 423.121.21: Curved or folded end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded without mouthpiece.
- 423.121.22: Curved or folded end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded with mouthpiece.
- 423.122: Side-blown tubular trumpets.
- 423.2: Instruments in which the player's vibrating lips set the air in motion though the pitch may be altered mechanically .
- 423.21: Keyed chromatic horns.
- 423.22: Slide chromatic horns.
- 423.23: Valved chromatic horns.
- 423.231: Valved chromatic horns with cylindrical bores.
- 423.232: Valved chromatic horns with semi-cylindrical bores.
- 423.233: Valved chromatic horns with conical bores.
- 43: Aerophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
- 5: Instruments that generate their sound electronically (electrophone).
- 51: Instruments having electric action.
- 52: Instruments having electrical amplification.
- 53: Instruments in which sound is produced by electrical means.
- 54: Electrophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
See also
[edit]Hornbostel-Sachs musical instrument templates ()
- {{Musical instruments}}
- {{Hornbostel-Sachs}}
- 1 {{Idiophones}}
- 11 {{Struck idiophones}}
- 111 {{Directly struck idiophones}}
- 111.1 {{Concussion idiophones}}
- 111.2 {{Percussion idiophones}}
- 111.21 {{Stick percussion idiophones}}
- 111.22 {{Plaque percussion idiophones}} ({{Lithophones}})
- 112 {{Indirectly struck idiophones}}
- 112.1 {{Shaken idiophones}}
- 112.2 {{Scraped idiophones}}
- 111 {{Directly struck idiophones}}
- 12 {{Plucked idiophones}}
- 13 {{Friction idiophones}}
- 14 {{Blown idiophones}}
- 11 {{Struck idiophones}}
- 2 {{Membranophones}}
- 21 {{Struck membranophones}}
- 211 {{Directly struck membranophones}}
- 211.1 {{Kettle drums}}
- 211.2 {{Tubular drums}}
- 211.3 {{Frame drums}}
- 212 {{Indirectly struck membranophones}}
- 211 {{Directly struck membranophones}}
- 22 {{Plucked membranophones}}
- 221 {{Frame plucked membranophones}}
- 222 {{Comb plucked membranophones}}
- 23 {{Friction membranophones}}
- 231 {{Stick friction membranophones}}
- 232 {{Chord friction membranophones}}
- 233 {{Hand friction membranophones}}
- 24 {{Blown membranophones}}
- 241 {{Free blown membranophones}}
- 241 {{Vessel blown membranophones}}
- 21 {{Struck membranophones}}
- 3 {{Chordophones}}
- 31 {{Simple chordophones}} ({{Zithers}})
- 311 {{Bar or stick zithers}}
- 312 {{Tube zithers}}
- 313 {{Raft zithers}}
- 314 {{Board zithers}}
- 315 {{Trough zithers}}
- 316 {{Frame zithers}}
- 32 {{Composite chordophones}}
- 321 {{Lutes}}
- 322 {{Harps}}
- 323 {{Harp lutes}}
- 31 {{Simple chordophones}} ({{Zithers}})
- 4 {{Aerophones}}
- 41 {{Free aerophones}}
- 411 {{Displacement aerophones}}
- 412 {{Interruptive aerophones}}
- 412.132 Sets of free reeds {{Squeezebox}}
- 413 {{Plosive aerophones}}
- 42 {{Non-free aerophones}}
- 421 {{Flutes}}
- 421.121.12 {{Western concert flutes}}
- 421.221.11 {{Whistles}}
- 422 {{Reed aerophones}}
- 422.1 {{Double reed}}
- 422.2 {{Single reeds}}
- 422.3 {{Free reeds}}
- 423 {{Brass aerophones}}
- 423.1 {{Natural brass aerophones}}
- 423.2 {{Chromatic brass aerophones}}
- 421 {{Flutes}}
- 41 {{Free aerophones}}
- 5 {{Electrophones}}
- {{HS number}}
- See also: {{Elemental organology}} ({{Crystallophones}}, {{Hydraulophones}})