Ghana

Kana Kapolongan-Kitakit

(Ikiris a sowal:Republic of Ghana; Kana hananay kalopitahidang(通稱迦納; Ikiris a sowal:Ghana), o itiraay I sa’etipan no Afrika a kitakit, o tatapangan a niyaro’ o Akola(阿克拉; Ikiris a sowal:Accra).i saka’etipan malafiyaw ato Pacekis no Co Kapolongan kitakit(象牙海岸共和國; Fransu a sowal:République de Côte d'Ivoire) isaka’amisan o Pokinafaso(布吉納法索; Fransu a sowal:Burkina Faso),isakawalian o Toko(多哥共和國;Fransu a sowal:République togolaise) , isakatimolan o Ciniya-Kihaw(幾內亞灣; Ikiris a sowal:Gulf of Guinea; Fransu a sowal:Golfe de Guinée). i 8 00 N, 2 00 W, noAfilika ko Ghana. Polong no sekalay i 238,533 sq km “saka 82 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 227,533 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 11,000 sq km ” Polong i 26,908,262 ko tamdaw.

Ngangan no kitakit(國名)

Tadangangan tono Ikiris a sowal o “Republic of Ghana”, dacdacan a tilid o “Ghana”.ono Kuwaping a pangangan, ono Conghwa-Minkoko o “Kana Kapolongan-Kitakit”, dacdacan pangangan o “Kana”, ono Congko, Malaysiya ato Sinkapor a pangangan o malecaday to o “Kana Kapolongan-Kitakit”, dacdacan a tilid o “Kana”.

Rikisi(歷史)

Nani saka 3 tahira sak 4 sici, o cecay a pecih no Kana Hontian-Kitakit, i saka 13 sici o Aken-tamdaw, Mosi-tamdaw tatootoran sa patireng to hotian kitakit i ka’amis ato katimol, 1471 miheca mi’eco ko Potawya palasakowan tona sera, mi’afas to tada’ekim, o lawac no riyar pangangan han to “Tada’ekim salawacan no riyar” han a pangangan. 1595 miheca Holan, Ikiris tatootoor sa macacafi’ tona kitakit, paliwal to koli. 1844 miheca maaro’ no Ikiris ko salawacan no riyar, 1901 miheca malamikowanan no Ikiris ko edef nona kitakit, pangangan han to “ malamicongacongay a tada’ekim salawacan no riyar kitakit no Ikiris”.

I 1957 miheca saka 3 folad saka6 romi’ad milekal to pisiiked a patireng to kitakit; onini haw i,o mipatatekoan nona micowatan no Ikiris a “ malamicongacongay a tada’ekim salawacan no riyar kitakit no Ikiris” ato nikowanan no Toic a “malamicongacongay to Ikiris a Tokolan”, o sa’ayaway a misiikeday no Ikiris a micowatan a kitakit. o sa’ayaway a congli ci Enkoroma(夸梅·恩克魯瑪; Ikiris a sowal:Kwame Nkrumah) palasawaden ningra ko pitokelad no Honti no Ikiris, palasawaden hec ningra ko telang a ngangan no kitakit misafa’eloh pangangan to Kana Kapolongan-Kitakit, malasa’ayaway a congtong.

Ci Enkoroma o cecay no milekalay to Sahetoay-Afrika sanay a harateng, tata mapacakat a macoroh ni Maocetong o kakerida no Congko, micoroh to pisiiked ato kalacecay no Sahetoay-Afrika a harateng. Mafalic no milololay a kasafelaw i 1966 mihecaan. 1981 miheca mipalasawad ko Tatapangan-Rikec no Kitakit to misanga’ to kasafelaw tono cieci, orasaka, malalang ko misanga’ to kasafelaw no Sici. 1992 miheca malaheci ko fa’elohay a Tatapangan-Rikec no Kitakit, miliyaw heca ko pihayi no sifo to misanga’ to fa’elohay a Tatapangan-Rikec no kitakit, mihayi haca to pisang; to kasafelaw no sieci. Nikawrira, aloman ho ko ma’oripay i “awaay ko kitakit” sanay a ‘orip.Ira ho ko mitooray toya awaay to sakowan-‘icel a Asantito-hongti, oninian a tamdaw a harateng itini i hekal dengan o “ Asanti Finacadan-Haraten”, awaay ko “Kana Finacadan-Harateng” sanay.

O Asanti hananay itiraay i katimol no sasifo’an no Kana, o tata’angay a kitakit i Saka’etipan no Afrika, o tada tata’angay kitakit i sa’etipan-Afrika, o tatapanan a niyaro’ itiraay i Kosima, o pipafelian to kohetingay-koli no isa’etipay a kohecalay tamdaw, toikor mala nicowatan-pala no Ikiris, nornor sa a pasi’amis a milood to Asanti kitakit, sanoyanay sato a mapatireng ko Asanti. O demak no Ikiris makadkad ko telii’ Asanti tamdaw, o honti no Asanti malaplap i 1902 miheca, orasaka, mangalefay ko cakafili a kowanen ko Kana, I 1924 miheca mihamham ko Ikiris to pinokay no honti, 1938 miheca midemak to “Palolol no Asanti-kitakit a lisin”, mapalolol ko “Kalomaocan no Kakita’an no Asanti” tonika mamikowan tona kitakit.

Yo misiiked ko Kana ikor no Sakatosa-Lalood, kinapinapina ko Ikiris micorcor to pisaroma a misiiked no Asanti, nikawrira, cowa ka laheci, tahanini o honti no Asanti ira ho ikakaay a kamaro’an i Kana. O honti no Asanti tahanini alacecay aca ko wawa, orasaka, o aniniay a hongti ci Awtongfowo-Nana-Awsay-Toto sakatosa, i 1999 miheca a malahongti, pakaalaay to hakasi no Amirika, o “ aniniay a honti no Solomen”.

Kaitiraan(地理)

Itiraay i salawacan no riyar ato likis no Worta-’Alo ko masadangahay sera, dafdaf, ilawaca no riya ira ko tafok-kanatal ato masafanaway; i katimolan no saka’etip ato saka’amisan o taporo, katimolan no sakawali ato sifo’an o tokos, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 600-700 laya’ ko ka’akawang.

Mingata’ay to sifo’an kunis no cikiw ko Kana, ira masafacoay a Fa’edetay-Kakarayan, sahetoay o Fa’edetay-Rebgorengosan Kakarayan, o ‘orad to mihecaan ira ko 800~1200 mm; katimolan no saka’etip o Fa’edetay-‘ora’oradan-kilakilangan kakarayan, ira ko 1200~2200 mm ko ‘orad to mihecaan. Isaktimol ira ko tosa a kafodo’an:i saka 5 folad~saka 6 folad, ato i saka 8 folad ~saka 9 folad. Isaka’amisan madado’edoay kona tosaan kafodo’an, i saka 1folad tahira i saka 2 folad o malifesay a fali.

I katimolay no sakawalian a Worto-Acer o sakakaay o mikarkaran no tmadaw a palafanaw, nani Yapi niyaro’ tathira i Akosompo tata’akay acer, ira ko 520 km ko kato’edaw, o sapisanga’ to nanoman-dingki ato karomakatan no tamina, ato sapananom to omah ato pifotingan.

Saka’orip(經濟)

Adihay ko kinairaira no palapalaan no Kana kitakit,o mili’etanan no kalotamdaw isafaay ho sakakaay ko kanikaw a kitakit i sa’etipan Arika to tosa a ta’edip. Talacowa ko kanikaw no ‘orip,tahanini palawinaay to kali’acaan to dafong ato pipado’ no roma a kitakit, ato mipanokayan payso no i romaay kitakit ko aro’ a tamdaw no Kana.Latek mahaop ko 28% a tamdaw no Kana ila’enoay ho nikaawa no ihekalay kunis, o mili’etanan to cecay a romi’ad deng 1,25 Amirika payso(falicen to payso no Taywan latek 37 payso). Ono sa’osi no Hekalay-Kinko tona 45 mihecaan dengan cecay ko felih ko macakat no ‘etan.

Yo malamicowatan a sakowan no roma a kitakit ko Kana, cinganganay to maci’etan to paliwal to tada’ekim, tahanini o cecay ho no sakakaay ci’ekimay a kitakit(o sakatosa ci’ekimay kitakit i Afrika). O roma a nipasadakan a paliwal a dafong ira ko koko, kilang, dingki, tayamonto ato kodasing, ato misanga’an dafong nani citiliday a fodawan. Ano mipasadak paliwal toninian dafong o citodongay to paliwal to losay a sakowan, o saka ca ka pifelih to rikec no kitakit a patelas a paliwal to tada’ekim, fodawan ato koko, ta macemahad ko niyah a kitakit.

2008 miheca o matayalay no Kana ira ko 1150’ofad ko tamdaw. o saka’orip a pili’etan o liomah ko sakakaay, mahop ko 56% no polong a matayalay ato mahaop ko37.3% no GDP ko muli’etanan, nikawrira, sahetoay ko mamangay a sera ko liomah. Cowa ka hakowa ko misanga’ay to dafong, i 2007 miheca dengan 7.9% no GDP.

2007 miheca saka 7 folad, mifelic to fa’elohay a payso:Kanasayti, maharineknekay kona payso, i 2009 miheca to pifelic ato payso no Amirika 5.52:1. O sata to cilafasay-sata nani pi’aca to dafong ko piala to sata. Yo misatapang a milisata i 1998 miheca sacecay hananay ko piala, tahira to i 2007 miheca sak 9 folad misasiromaromaan to ko pilisata.

1998 mihecaan 10% kopilisata, i 2000 mihecaan macakat to 12.5%.

O maomahay a kitakit ko Kana, mahaop ko 60% a polong tamdaw o maomahay, mili’etan to 40% no Kapolongan a Nitayalan ’Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit: GDP(國內生產總值;Gross Domestic Product).

O sakakaay itini i hekal ko pililakaw no dingki, o pisongila’ to taliyokan ikaka no to tolo ato kalokitakit.

O mikarkaran a ‘ekim cilafasay ato 90 mihecahecaan to lima.8