^ ابجدهوز
B. C. Whitmore؛ R. A. Lucas؛ D. B. McElroy؛ T. Y. Steiman-Cameron؛ P. D. Sackett؛ R. P. Olling (1990). "New observations and a photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies". Astronomical Journal. ج. 100: 1489–1522, 1721–1755. Bibcode:1990AJ....100.1489W. DOI:10.1086/115614.
^
J. L. Sérsic (1967). "Southern Peculiar Galaxies III". Zeitschrift für Astrophysik. ج. 67: 306–311. Bibcode:1967ZA.....67..306S.
^ اب
B. C. Whitmore؛ D. B. McElroy؛ F. Schweizer (1987). "The shape of the dark halo in polar-ring galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. ج. 314: 439–456. Bibcode:1987ApJ...314..439W. DOI:10.1086/165077.
^
F. Schweizer؛ B. C. Whitmore؛ V. C. Rubin (1983). "Colliding and merging galaxies. II - S0 galaxies with polar rings". Astronomical Journal. ج. 88: 909–925. Bibcode:1983AJ.....88..909S. DOI:10.1086/113377.