একে-৪৭
এটা একে-৪৭
প্ৰকাৰ
এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল
উদ্ভাৱনকৰ্তা
চোভিয়েট য়ুনিয়ন
ব্যৱহাৰৰ ইতিহাস
ব্যৱহাৰকাল
১৯৪৯-বৰ্তমানলৈ
উৎপাদনৰ ইতিহাস
নক্সাকৰ্তা
মিখাইল কালাচনিকভ্
নক্সা প্ৰস্তুত
১৯৪৪-১৯৪৭[ 1]
উৎপাদন কৰ্তা
ইজমাশ্ব
উৎপাদনৰ সময়
১৯৪৯–১৯৫৯[ 2]
উৎপাদন সংখ্যা
প্ৰায় ৭৫০ কোটি[ 4]
তথ্যৱলী
ওজন
মেগ্জিনৰ অবিহনে: ৩.৪৭ কেজি (৭.৭ পাউণ্ড) AK ২.৯৩ কেজি (৬.৫ পাউণ্ড) AKM[ N 1] Magazine, empty: ০.৪৩ কেজি (০.৯৫ পাউণ্ড) (early issue) ০.৩৩ কেজি (০.৭৩ পাউণ্ড) (steel) ০.২৫ কেজি (০.৫৫ পাউণ্ড) (plastic)[ 7] ০.১৭ কেজি (০.৩৭ পাউণ্ড) (light alloy) Ammo weight: 16.3 g × 30 = ০.৪৯ কেজি (১.১ পাউণ্ড)[ 8]
দৈৰ্ঘ্য
880 mm (35 in) fixed wooden stock[উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন ] 875 mm (34.4 in) folding stock extended[উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন ] 645 mm (25.4 in) stock folded
বেৰেলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য
415 mm (16.3 in) total 369 mm (14.5 in) rifled
কাৰ্টিজ
7.62×39mm M43/M67
কাৰ্যপদ্ধতি/একশ্যন
গেছ-চালিত
গুলিৰ হাৰ
৬০০ৰাউণ্ড প্ৰতি মিনিট practical 40 rounds/min semi-automatic 100 rounds/min fully automatic
নিক্ষেপণ বেগ
সাঁচ:Convert/m/s
কাৰ্যকৰ পাল্লা
৪০০ মিটাৰ (440 yd) (অৰ্ধ-স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়)[ 9] ৩০০ মিটাৰ (330 yd) (স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়)[ 9]
ফিডিং
Standard magazine capacity is 30 rounds; there are also 5- 10-, 20- and 40-round box and 75- and 100-round drum magazines
ছাইট
Adjustable iron sights with a 378 mm (14.9 in) sight radius: 100–800 m adjustments (AK) 100–1000 m adjustments (AKM)[ 7]
একে-৪৭ (ইংৰাজী : ) হ'ল এটা গেছ-পৰিচালিত ৭.৬২x৩৯মিমি এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল । চোভিয়েট ৰাচিয়াৰ মিখাইল কালাচনিকভে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইন কৰিছিল। অফিচিয়েলি এভট'মেট কালাচনিকভ (ইংৰাজী : Avtomat Kalashnikova , ৰুছ : А втомат К алашникова ) বুলি জনা গৈছিল। hiBa| hup|iho hiBak কালাচনিকভ , একে নামেৰেও জনা যায়। ২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ শেষৰফালে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইনৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হয়। ১৯৪৬ চনত একে-৪৬ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি চোৱা হয়। ১৯৪৭ চনত কিছুসংখ্যক একে-৪৭ চোভিয়েট সেনাবাহিনীক ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে দিয়া হয়। আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত একে-৪৭ক চোভিয়েট সেনাই কাৰ্যকৰিভাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰে।
ষ্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ ৰ পাছতে একে-৪৭ প্ৰথম এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফলবোৰৰ এটা।[ 11] প্ৰথম ব্যবহাৰৰ প্ৰায় ৬ দশক পাচতো ই আটাইতকৈ বহুলভাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, কিয়নো ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন ব্যয় কম, বেছি দিন টিকে আৰু সহজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। বহুতো দেশত ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন হয় আৰু নানান দেশৰ সেনা তথা অন্যান্য বাহিনীয়ে ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।
২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত জাৰ্মানসকলে এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফলৰ ধাৰণাতো আনে। এই কথা দেখা গৈছিল যে বেছিভাগ গুলিয়া-গুলি কম দূৰত্ব অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰায় ৩০০মিটাৰৰ মাজতে হয়। সেয়ে তেওঁলোকে বেছি গুলি থকা মেগ্জিন আৰু মধ্যম ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন কাৰ্ট্ৰিজৰ সৈতে এটা ৰাইফল বিছাৰিলে। যুদ্ধৰ শেষৰফালে জাৰ্মান সেনাই ষ্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ লয়।
ব্ৰায়নস্কৰ যুদ্ধক্ষেত্ৰত আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ চিকিৎস্যালয়ত থকাৰ সময়ত মিখাইল কালাচনিকভে অস্ত্ৰ-ডিজাইনাৰ হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে।[ 4] চোভিয়েট সেনাই সেমেকা, বোকাময় আৰু বৰফভৰা ঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে এটা ৰাইফল বিছাৰিছিল। কালাচনিকভে আমেৰিকান এম্-১ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এটা কাৰ্বাইন ডিজাইন কৰে, কিন্তু অন্য এটা কাৰ্বাইনহে বাছনি কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ পাচতে চোভিয়েট সেনাই এটা এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ বিছাৰিলে। ইয়াৰ বাবে হোৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতাত কালাচনিকভৰ দলে এটি গেচ-পৰিচালিত ৰাইফলৰ ডিজাইন প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে।
কালচনিকভৰ ৰাইফল এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ২য় ৰাউণ্ডৰ বাবে বাছনি কৰা হয়। ১৯৪৬ চনত কালাচনিকভৰ সহযোগী আলেকজাণ্ডাৰ জাইতচেভৰ পৰামৰ্শমতে এই ডিজাইনৰ নানান সালসলনি কৰা হয়। অৱশেষত ১৯৪৯ চনত চোভিয়েট সেনাই একে-৪৭ক বহুলভাবে ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰে।
একে-৪৭ক পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী কিছু ৰাইফল প্ৰযুক্তিৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ বুলিব পাৰি। এম-১ কাৰ্বাইনৰ ট্ৰিগাৰ্, ৰেমিংটন মদেল্-৮ ৰাইফলৰ চেফতি-কেছ, ষ্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ৰ গেচ্-চিষ্টেম আদিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ইয়াত দেখা যায়। অৱশ্যে কালাচনিকভে এই কথা মানি নলয়।
Israeli Special Forces soldier with an AK47. Large quantities of these weapons were captured by Israel from Arab stocks and some Israeli units were wholly equipped with it.[ 13]
A map of states that use the AK. AK-47 operators are marked red, AK derivative operators are marked orange and modernized AK operators are marked pink.
↑ AKMS is ~200 গ্ৰাম (0.44 পাউণ্ড) heavier.
↑ Monetchikov 2005 , chpts. 6 and 7.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Popenker, Maksim (5 February 2009). "Kalashnikov AK (AK-47) AKS, AKM and AKMS assault rifles (USSR)" . World Guns. Modern Firearms & Ammunition . http://world.guns.ru/assault/rus/ak-akm-e.html । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 March 2011 .
↑ 4.0 4.1 "AK-47 Inventor Doesn't Lose Sleep Over Havoc Wrought With His Invention" . FoxNews.com . প্ৰকাশক USA: News Corporation . 6 July 2007. OCLC 36334372 . http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,288456,00.html । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 April 2010 .
↑ 7.0 7.1 "AKM (AK-47) Kalashnikov modernized assault rifle, caliber 7.62mm" . Izhmash . http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 June 2012 .
↑ Land Forces Weapons: Export Catalogue . প্ৰকাশক Moscow: Rosoboronexport . 2003. পৃষ্ঠা. 85. OCLC 61406322 . http://www.scribd.com/doc/30301368/Rosoboronexport-Land-Forces-Weapons-Catalogue .
↑ 9.0 9.1 Shelford Bidwell et al. (25 February 1977). Bonds, Ray. ed. The Encyclopedia of land warfare in the 20th century . A Salamander book. প্ৰকাশক London; New York: Spring Books. পৃষ্ঠা. 199. ISBN 978-0-600-33145-2 . OCLC 3414620 . http://books.google.com/books?id=RuIgAQAAIAAJ .
↑ Zlobin, Vladimir (15 February 2013). "["Kalashnikovs" for the XXI century]" . Yefimov, N. N. ed (Russian ভাষাত) (PDF). «Калашниковы» для XXI века . Andrei Bondarenkoৰ সৈতে সাক্ষাৎকাৰ. pp. 10–11. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232428/http://redstar.ru/images/files/2013/02-2013/krz28_15.02.2013.pdf । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 31 May 2014 . "If we talk about assault rifles in general, the AK-12 could be classified as fourth generation. This is my opinion as a gunmaker. First generation is Fyodorov Avtomat, second – AK-47 and the German MP43, third – AK-74.".
↑ Laffin, John ; Chappell, Mike (29 July 1982). The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 1948–73 . Men at Arms. Osprey Publishing . পৃষ্ঠা. 21. ISBN 978-0-85045-450-5 . http://books.google.com/books?id=jSuKRkUSWwcC .
↑ 14.0 14.1 Kahaner, Larry (26 November 2006). "Weapon Of Mass Destruction" . The Washington Post . http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/24/AR2006112400788.html । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 April 2010 .
↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.50 15.51 15.52 15.53 15.54 15.55 15.56 15.57 15.58 15.59 15.60 15.61 15.62 15.63 15.64 15.65 15.66 15.67 15.68 15.69 15.70 15.71 15.72 Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009–2010 (35 সম্পাদনা). Jane's Information Group . ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5 . http://books.google.com/books?id=A5ngPgAACAAJ .
↑ St. John, Marshall. "Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov and the AK-47" . Mouseguns.com . http://www.southernoutdoorlife.com/mouseguns/ak47info/ak47info.htm । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 May 2012 .
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↑ "Dozens of Pentecostal Churches being shut down in Cameroon | News that matters" . Ivarfjeld.com. 11 September 2013. http://ivarfjeld.com/2013/09/11/dozens-of-pentecostal-churches-being-shut-down-in-cameroon/ । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013 .
↑ Sunday 29.12.2013. "Nouvelles - CRTV" . Crtv.cm. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131018004815/http://www.crtv.cm/cont/nouvelles/nouvelles_sola_fr.php?idField=10126&table=nouvelles&sub=special । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013 .
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↑ 25.0 25.1 Miller, David M. O. (1 May 2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns . Illustrated Directory Series. Salamander Books. ISBN 978-1-84065-245-1 . http://books.google.com/books?id=GgpRPgAACAAJ .
↑ roberthuffstutter (22 December 2011). "Djiboutian Army Quick Reaction Regiment trains at Ali Oune, Djibouti, February 2011 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" . Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/usarmyafrica/5505821033/ । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013 .
↑ "Djibouti Army ranks land ground forces combat field uniforms military grades uniformes de - Army Recognition - Army Recognition" . Armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151015195846/http://www.armyrecognition.com/djibouti_army_ranks_military_combat_uniforms/djibouti_army_ranks_land_ground_forces_combat_field_uniforms_military_grades_uniformes_de.html । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013 .
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টেগ;
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↑ Harry McCallion. Killing Zone (11 April 1996 সম্পাদনা). Bloomsbury Paperbacks. পৃষ্ঠা. 13–281. ISBN 0-7475-2567-6 .
Gulevich, I. D., ed (1967) (Russian ভাষাত). НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АК [7.62 mm AK] (3 সম্পাদনা). প্ৰকাশক Moscow: Voenizdat . http://weapon.at.ua/blog/2011-07-14-570 .
Honeycutt Jr, Fred L. and Anthony, Patt F. Military Rifles of Japan. (1996) Fifth Edition , 8th printing; Julin Books. ISBN 0-9623208-7-0 .
Vilchinsky, I. K., ed (1983) (Russian ভাষাত). НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АКМ (АКМС) [7.62 mm AKM (AKMS)] (3 সম্পাদনা). প্ৰকাশক Moscow: Voenizdat . http://militera.lib.ru/manuals/nastav_akm/index.html .
Monetchikov, Sergei Borisovich (2005) (Russian ভাষাত). История русского автомата [The History of Russian Assault Rifle] . Entsiklopediya Russkoi Armii. Izdatel'stvo "Atlant 44". ISBN 5-98655-006-4 . http://www.rulit.net/books/istoriya-russkogo-avtomata-read-249341-1.html .
Bolotin, David Naumovich (1995) (Russian ভাষাত) (PDF). История советского стрелкового оружия и патронов [The History of Soviet Small-arms and Ammunition] . Voyenno-Istoricheskaya Biblioteka. প্ৰকাশক Saint Petersburg: Poligon. ISBN 5-85503-072-5 . http://www.shooting-ua.com/dop_arhiv/dop_2/books/Istor_sovet_orujiya.pdf .
Killicoat, Phillip (April 2007). "Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles" (PDF). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4202 (Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10) . Oxford University . http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/04/13/000016406_20070413145045/Rendered/PDF/wps4202.pdf । আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 April 2010 .
Ezell, Edward (1 March 1986). The AK47 story: evolution of the Kalashnikov weapons . Stackpole Books . ISBN 978-0-8117-0916-3 . http://books.google.com/books?id=LsYqAQAAMAAJ .
Kahaner, Larry (2007). AK-47: the weapon that changed the face of war . John Wiley & Sons . ISBN 978-0-471-72641-8 . http://books.google.com/books?id=oBAhAQAAIAAJ .
Poyer, Joe (1 January 2006). The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations: A Shooter's and Collector's Guide . North Cape Publications. ISBN 978-1-882391-41-7 . http://books.google.com/books?id=EPArOwAACAAJ .
Rottman, Gordon (24 May 2011). The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series assault rifles . Osprey Publishing . ISBN 978-1-84908-835-0 . http://books.google.com/books?id=qK9Nn-2xocUC . [সংযোগবিহীন উৎস ]
গ্ৰন্থ
Shilin, Valery; Cutshaw, Charlie (1 March 2000). Legends and Reality of the AK: A Behind-The Scenes Look at the History, Design, and Impact of the Kalashnikov Family of Weapons . Paladin Press . ISBN 978-1-58160-069-8 . http://books.google.com/books?id=U3kIAAAACAAJ .
Ezell, Edward Clinton; R. Blake Stevens (1 December 2001). Kalashnikov: The Arms and the Man . প্ৰকাশক Cobourg, ON: Collector Grade Publications. ISBN 978-0-88935-267-4 .
Michael Hodges (January 2007). Ak47: The Story of the People's Gun . Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-92104-3 . http://books.google.com/?id=j82yAAAACAAJ .
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov; Elena Joly (2006). The gun that changed the world . Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-7456-3691-7 . http://books.google.com/?id=CY2HlLDiaNwC . [সংযোগবিহীন উৎস ]
John Walter (4 September 1999). Kalashnikov: machine pistols, assault rifles, and machine-guns, 1945 to the present . Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal . ISBN 978-1-85367-364-1 . http://books.google.com/?id=XnybC2qSORAC .
Chivers, C.J (October 2010). The Gun . Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-7076-2 . http://books.google.com/books?id=r3VwUEHoDikC&pg=PA459 .
প্ৰবন্ধ
How the AK-47 Rewrote the Rules of Modern Warfare – Three-part article by C. J. Chivers , for Wired Magazine
Ружье. Оружие и амуниция 1999/3, pp. 18–21 has an article about the AK-46 prototypes
М.Т. Kalashnikov, "Кто автор АК-47? " (Who is the author of AK-47?) - an article rejecting some of the alternative theories as to the authorship of the AK-47, Kalashnikov magazine, 2002/2, pp. 4–7 (in Russian)
М. Degtyaryov, "Неочевидное очевидное " - an article comparing the internals of the StG 44 and AK-47, Kalashnikov magazine, 2009/4, pp. 18–23 (in Russian)
"В преддверии юбилея... " Transcription of the commission report on the testing round from the summer of 1947; no winner was selected at this point, but the commission held Kalashnikov's, Dementiev's and Bulkin's designs as most closely satisfying TTT number 3131. Kalashnikov magazine, 2009/8, pp. 18–22 (in Russian)
"Путёвка в жизнь " Report/letter on the final round of testing, 27 December 1947, declaring Kalashnikov's design the winner. Kalashnikov magazine, 2009/9, pp. 16–22 (in Russian)
Articles on the 1948 military trials: "На пути в войска " and "ПЕРВЫЙ В ДИНАСТИИ ", Kalashnikov magazine, 2009/10-11