চেমুৱেল হ্যানিমেন

চেমুৱেল হ্যানিমেন
জন্ম	১০ এপ্ৰিল, ১৭৫৫ মেইছেন, ইলেক্টৰেট অৱ ছেক্স'নি
মৃত্যু	২ জুলাই, ১৮৪৩ (৮৮ বছৰ) পেৰিছ, ফ্ৰান্স
জাতীয়তা	জাৰ্মান
ক্ষেত্ৰ	হোমিঅ’পেথি

খ্ৰীষ্টিয়ান ফিড্ৰিখ চেমুৱেল হ্যানিমেন (জাৰ্মান: [ˈhaːnəman]; ১০ এপ্ৰিল ১৭৫৫^[1] – ২ জুলাই ১৮৪৩) আছিল এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান চিকিৎসাবিদ তথা হোমিঅ’পেথি নামৰ বিকল্প চিকিৎসা পদ্ধতিৰ জনক।

প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন

ছেক্স'নিৰ মেইছেন নামে ঠাইত চেমুৱেল হ্যানিমেনৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। চেমুৱেলৰ পিতৃ খ্ৰীষ্টিয়ান গটফ্ৰীড হ্যানিমেন^[2] আছিল এগৰাকী চিত্ৰশিল্পী তথা চীনা মাটিৰ বাচনৰ আৰ্হি প্ৰস্তুত কৰোঁতা, যাৰ বাবে মেইছেন চহৰ বিখ্যাত আছিল।^[3]

এজন যুৱক হিচাপে হ্যানিমেনে ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী, ইটালিয়ান, গ্ৰীক আৰু লেটিন ভাষাত বুৎপত্তি লাভ কৰিছিল। পাছলৈ হ্যানিমেনে এজন অনুবাদক তথা ভাষা শিক্ষক হিচাপে জীৱন নিৰ্বাহ কৰিবলৈ লয়।^[4] হ্যানিমেনে লিপজিগ নামে ঠাইত দুবছৰ চিকিৎসাশাস্ত্ৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল যদিও লিপজিগত ক্লিনিকেল সুবিধাৰ অভাৱত তেওঁ ভিয়েনালৈ গৈ তাত দহ মাহৰ বাবে চিকিৎসাশাস্ত্ৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰে।^[5] উচ্চ শিক্ষাৰ এটা কাল সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পাছত, ১৭৭৯ চনৰ ১০ অক্টোবৰত হ্যানিমেনে ইউনিভাৰচিটি অৱ আৰলেনগেনৰ পৰা সন্মানসহ চিকিৎসাশাস্ত্ৰত মাষ্টাৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। হ্যানিমেনৰ থেছিছখন আছিল Conspectus adfectuum spasmodicorum aetiologicus et therapeuticus।^[6]

চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা অনুশীলন

১৭৮১ চনত চেমুৱেল হ্যানিমেনে ছেক্স'নিৰ মেনছফেল্ডৰ তাম খনিৰ এটা এলাকাৰ এখন গাঁৱত চিকিৎসক হিচাপে কৰ্মজীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলিছিল।^[7] হ্যানিমেনে জোহন্না হেনৰিট্ট কুচ্ছলাৰক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু পাছলৈ তেওঁলোক এঘাৰটা সন্তানৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃ হয়। চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা অনুশীলন ত্যাগ কৰি পাছলৈ হ্যানিমেনে বৈজ্ঞানিক তথা চিকিৎসাবিদ্যাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ অনুবাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।^[8]

লেখন কাৰ্য

হোমিঅ'পেথিক পদ্ধতি, ৰসায়নবিদ্যা আৰু সাধাৰণ ঔষধৰ ওপৰত হ্যানিমেনে ভালেমান কিতাপ, ৰচনা তথা চিঠি-পত্ৰ লিখিছিল:

• Heilkunde der Erfahrung. Norderstedt 2010, আই.এচ.বি.এন. 3-8423-1326-8
• (German ভাষাত) Versuch über ein neues Prinzip zur Auffindung der Heilkräfte der Arzneisubstanzen, nebst einigen Blicken auf die bisherigen [Essay on a New Principle for Ascertaining the Curative Powers of Drugs]. 1796. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20140425120227/http://www.mickler.de/journal/versuch-prinzip-1.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2017-01-23.  reprinted in Versuch über ein neues Prinzip zur Auffindung der Heilkräfte der Arzneisubstanzen, nebst einigen Blicken auf die bisherigen. Haug. 1988. ISBN 3-7760-1060-6. 
• Fragmenta de viribus medicamentorum positivis sive in sano corpore humano obeservitis, a collection of 27 drug "provings" published in Latin in 1805.^{[9][10][সন্দেহজনক ][11]}
• The Organon of the Healing Art (1810), a detailed delineation of what he saw as the rationale underpinning homeopathic medicine, and guidelines for practice. Hahnemann published the 5th edition in 1833; a revised draft of this (1842) was discovered after Hahnemann's death and finally published as the 6th edition in 1921.^[12][13]
• Materia Medica Pura, a compilation of "homoeopathic proving" reports, published in six volumes between vol. I in 1811 and vol. VI in 1827. Revised editions of volumes I and II were published in 1830 and 1833, respectively.^{[উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন]}

• Chronic Diseases (1828), an explanation of the root and cure of chronic disease according to the theory of miasms, together with a compilation of "homoeopathic proving" reports, published in five volumes during the 1830s.
• The Friend of Health, in which Hahnemann "recommended the use of fresh air, bed rest, proper diet, sunshine, public hygiene and numerous other beneficial measures at a time when many other physicians considered them of no value."^[14][15]
• Appeal to Thinking Philanthropist Respecting the Mode of Propagation of the Asiatic Choler, in which Hahnemann describes cholera physicians and nurses as the "certain and frequent propagators" of cholera and that whilst deriding nurses' "fumigations with chlorine", promoted the use of "drops of camphorated spirit" as a cure for the disease.^[16]
• Hahnemann also campaigned for the humane treatment of the insane in 1792.^[17]
• John Henry Clarke wrote that "In 1787, Hahnemann discovered the best test for arsenic and other poisons in wine, having pointed out the unreliable nature of the 'Wurtemberg test,' which had been in use up to that date."^[18][19]
• Samuel Hahnemanns Apothekerlexikon . Vol.2 . Crusius, Leipzig 1798–1799 Digital edition^{[সংযোগবিহীন উৎস]} by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
• Reine Arzneimittellehre . Arnold, Dresden (several editions) 1822–1827 Digital edition^{[সংযোগবিহীন উৎস]} by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
• Systematische Darstellung der reinen Arzneiwirkungen aller bisher geprüften Mittel . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1831 – Digital edition^{[সংযোগবিহীন উৎস]} by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

প্ৰসংগ পুথি

• Bradford, Thomas Lindsley (1999) [1895]. The Life and Letters of Samuel Hahnemann. প্ৰকাশক Philadelphia: Boericke & Tafel. OCLC 1489955. 
• Cook, Trevor (1981). Samuel Hahnemann Founder of Homeopathy. প্ৰকাশক Wellingborough, Northamptonshire: Thorsons. ISBN 0-7225-0689-9. 
• Haehl, Richard; Wheeler, Marie L. (tr.) and Grundy, W.H.R. (tr.) (1922). John Henry Clarke, Francis James Wheeler. ed. Samuel Hahnemann his Life and Work. 1. প্ৰকাশক London: Homoeopathic Publishing. OCLC 222833661. https://archive.org/details/samuelhahnemannh01haehuoft. , reprinted as ISBN 81-7021-693-1

বিতংকৈ পঢ়ক

• Brockmeyer, Bettina (2007). "Representations of illness in letters addressed to Samuel Hahnemann: gender and historical perspectives" (German ভাষাত). Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung খণ্ড 29: 211–221, 259. PMID 18354994. 
• Kayne, Steven (2006). "Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843): the founder of modern homeopathy.". Pharmaceutical historian খণ্ড 36 (2 Suppl): S23–6. PMID 17153748. 
• Brockmeyer, Bettina (2005). "Writing about oneself and others: men and women in letters to doctor Samuel Hahnemann 1831–1835" (German ভাষাত). Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen / im Auftrage der Würzburger medizinhistorischen Gesellschaft und in Verbindung mit dem Institut für Geschichte der Medizin der Universität Würzburg খণ্ড 24: 18–28. PMID 17153289. 
• "Biographic synopsis on Samuel Hahnemann" (Spanish ভাষাত). Revista de enfermería (Barcelona, Spain) খণ্ড 28 (3): 10–16. 2005. PMID 15871338. 
• Eschenbruch, Nicholas (2005). "Rationalist, magician, scharlatan? Samuel Hahnemann and homeopathy from the viewpoint of homeopathy" (German ভাষাত). Schweiz. Rundsch. Med. Prax. খণ্ড 94 (11): 443–446. PMID 15822443. 
• Jutte, R. (1999). ""Thus it passes from the patient's purse into that of the doctor without causing displeasure" – Samuel Hahnemann and medical fees" (German ভাষাত). Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung খণ্ড 18: 149–167. PMID 11624613. 
• de Goeij, C. M. (1994). "Samuel Hahnemann: an indignant systems builder" (Dutch ভাষাত). Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde খণ্ড 138 (6): 310–314. PMID 8121514. 
• Rizza, E. (1994). "Samuel Hahnemann: a mystical empiricist. A study of the origin and development of the homeopathic medical system" (Italian ভাষাত). Medicina nei secoli খণ্ড 6 (3): 515–524. PMID 11620590. 
• Meissner, M. (1992). "Samuel Hahnemann—the originator of homeopathic medicine". Krankenpflege Journal খণ্ড 30 (7–8): 364–366. PMID 1405462. 
• Schmidt, J. M. (1988). "The publications of Samuel Hahnemann". Sudhoffs Archiv খণ্ড 72 (1): 14–36. PMID 2970128. 
• Lozowski, J. (1982). "Homeopathy (Samuel Hahnemann)" (Polish ভাষাত). Pielȩgniarka i połozna (4–5): 16–17. PMID 6750668. 
• Habacher, M. (1980). "Homöopathische Fernbehandlung durch Samuel Hahnemann" (German ভাষাত). Medizinhistorisches Journal খণ্ড 15 (4): 385–391. PMID 11610925. 
• Antall, J.; Kapronczay, K. (1973). "Samuel Hahnemann". Orvosi hetilap খণ্ড 114 (32): 1945–1947. PMID 4581537. 
• Hodges, P. C. (1964). "Homeopathy and Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann". Postgraduate Medicine খণ্ড 35: 666–668. PMID 14143315. 
• Dietrich, H. J. (1958). "Hahnemann's capacity for greatness; Samuel Hahnemann; and Hahnemann Medical College". The Hahnemannian খণ্ড 93 (2): 35–39. PMID 13562700. 
• Koch, E. (1955). "On the 200th anniversary of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann; several ideas concerning homeopathy" (German ভাষাত). Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen খণ্ড 10 (16): 585–590. PMID 14379841. 
• Auster, F. (1955). "200th Anniversary of the birth of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, born April 10, 1755" (German ভাষাত). Pharmazeutische Zentralhalle für Deutschland খণ্ড 94 (4): 124–128. PMID 14384489. 

তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

1. Though some sources do state that he was born in the early hours of 11 April 1755, Haehl, Richard (1922). Samuel Hahnemann his Life and Works. 1. পৃষ্ঠা. 9. "Hahnemann, was born on 10 April at approximately twelve o'clock midnight." 
2. Brief History of Life of Samuel Hahnemann, The Father of Homoeopathy. Homoeoscan.com. 10 April 2014
3. Coulter, Harris Livermore (1977). Divided Legacy, a History of the Schism in Medical Thought. II. প্ৰকাশক Washington: Wehawken Books. পৃষ্ঠা. 306. ISBN 0-916386-02-3. OCLC 67493911. 
4. "Hahnemann Biography". Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20131015025507/http://www.skylarkbooks.co.uk/Hahnemann_Biography.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2009-01-13. 
5. Martin Kaufman (1972). Homeopathy in America, the Rise and Fall of a Medical Heresy. প্ৰকাশক Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 24. ISBN 0-8018-1238-0. OCLC 264319. 
6. Richard Haehl (1922). Samuel Hahnemann His Life and Work. 2. প্ৰকাশক London: Homoeopathic Publishing. পৃষ্ঠা. 11. OCLC 14558215. 
7. Haehl, vol. 1, p. 26.
8. Bradford, pp. 515–16.
9. (Latin ভাষাত) Fragmenta de viribus medicamentorum positivis, sive in sano corpore humano observatis. Typis observatoris medici. 1824. OCLC 14852975. https://archive.org/details/fragmentadeviri00hahngoog. 
10. (German ভাষাত) Übersetzung der 'Fragmenta de viribus medicamentorum' von Marion Wettemann. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080413203202/http://www.hahnemann.de/frontend1/media/pdf/fragmenta_leseprobe.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 January 2017. ^{[সন্দেহজনক ]}
11. ''Fragmenta de viribus'' and ''Materia Medica Pura'' full-text in French. Homeoint.org. Retrieved on 16 May 2012.
12. Online etext of Hahnemann's Organon der Heilkunst.
13. Organon of Homeopathy, 6th version Archived 29 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine English version, full text online; German original (other format); English translation Archived 2014-07-13 at the Wayback Machine. Homeopathyhome.com. Retrieved on 16 May 2012.
14. Rothstein, William G. (1992). American physicians in the nineteenth century: from sects to science. প্ৰকাশক Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 158. ISBN 978-0-8018-4427-0. 
15. Hahnemann, Samuel (1792). The Friend of Health. 
16. Hahnemann, Samuel (1831). Appeal to thinking philanthropist respecting the mode of propagation of the Asiatic choler. William Radde. পৃষ্ঠা. 753–763. OCLC 3440881. https://archive.org/details/lesserwritingss00hahngoog. 
17. Hahnemann, Samuel (1796). Description of Klockenbring During his Insanity. William Radde. পৃষ্ঠা. 243–249. OCLC 3440881. https://archive.org/details/lesserwritingss00hahngoog. 
18. John Henry Clarke (1894). Homoeopathy: all about it; or, The principle of cure. প্ৰকাশক London: Homoeopathic Publishing. OCLC 29160937. https://archive.org/details/b20392576. 
19. Haehl, Vol. 1, p. 34.

বাহ্যিক সংযোগ

• Life History of Samuel Hahnemann Archived 2013-01-19 at the Wayback Machine
• Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann A historical overview
• Hahnemann Building, Hope Street, Liverpool former site of the Hahnemann Hospital, Liverpool
• A digitized copy of Hahnemann's personal 5th edition with handwritten notes for the 6th edition Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
• Brief History of life of Samuel Hahnemann