↑ Siscoe, G. L. (1986). "An historical footnote on the origin of 'aurora borealis'". History of Geophysics. Vol. 2. pp. 11–14. Bibcode:1986HGeo....2...11S. doi:10.1029/HG002p0011. ISBN 978-0-87590-276-0.
↑ Guiducci, Mario; Galilei, Galileo (1619). Discorso delle Comete [Discourse on Comets] (in Italian). Firenze (Florence), Italy: Pietro Cecconcelli. p. 39. On p. 39, Galileo explains that auroras are due to sunlight reflecting from thin, high clouds. From p. 39: "... molti di voi avranno più d'una volta veduto 'l Cielo nell' ore notturne, nelle parti verso Settentrione, illuminato in modo, che di lucidità non-cede alla piu candida Aurora, ne lontana allo spuntar del Sole; effetto, che per mio credere, non-ha origine altrode, che dall' essersi parte dell' aria vaporosa, che circonda la terra, per qualche cagione in modo più del consueto assottigliata, che sublimandosi assai più del suo consueto, abbia sormontato il cono dell' ombra terrestre, si che essendo la sua parte superiore ferita dal Sole abbia potuto rifletterci il suo splendore, e formarci questa boreale aurora." ("... many of you will have seen, more than once, the sky in the night hours, in parts towards the north, illuminated in a way that the clear [sky] does not yield to the brighter aurora, far from the rising of the sun; an effect that, by my thinking, has no other origin than being part of the vaporous air that surrounds the Earth, for some reason thinner than usual, which, being sublimated far more than expected, has risen above the cone of the Earth's shadow, so that its upper part, being struck by the sun['s light], has been able to reflect its splendor and to form this aurora borealis.")
↑ Harper, Douglas (ed.). "Aurora". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
↑ "The Odyssey ca. 500 B.C. by Homer (translated by Samuel Butler 1900); online at Internet Classics Archive (Retrieved 15 February 2021)". 1993. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
↑ Feldstein, Y. I. (2011). "A Quarter Century with the Auroral Oval". EOS. 67 (40): 761. Bibcode:1986EOSTr..67..761F. doi:10.1029/EO067i040p00761-02.
↑ Bruzek, A.; Durrant, C. J. (2012). Illustrated Glossary for Solar and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 190. ISBN 978-94-010-1245-4.
↑See:
Loomis, Elias (November 1859). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September, 1859". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 28: 385–408. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (January 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859—2nd article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 29: 92–97. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (February 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859—3rd article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 29: 249–266. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (May 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859—4th article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 29: 386–399. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (July 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859, and the geographical distribution of auroras and thunder storms—5th article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 30: 79–100. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (November 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859—6th article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 30: 339–361. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (July 1861). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859—7th article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 32: 71–84. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (September 1861). "On the great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859, and auroras generally—8th article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 32: 318–335. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
Loomis, Elias (July 1862). "On electrical currents circulating near the earth's surface and their connection with the phenomena of the aurora polaris—9th article". The American Journal of Science. 2nd series. 34: 34–45. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
↑ Fritz, Hermann (1881). Das Polarlicht [The Aurora]. Internationale wissenschaftliche Bibliothek (in German). Vol. 49. Leipzig, Germany: F. A. Brockhaus. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
↑ Tromholt, Sophus (1881). "Om Nordlysets Perioder / Sur les périodes de l'aurore boréale [On the periods of the aurora borealis]". Meteorologisk Aarbog for 1880. Part 1 (in Danish and French). Copenhagen, Denmark: Danske Meteorologiske Institut. pp. I–LX.
↑ Østgaard, N.; Mende, S. B.; Frey, H. U.; Sigwarth, J. B.; Åsnes, A.; Weygand, J. M. (2007). "Auroral conjugacy studies based on global imaging". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 69 (3): 249. Bibcode:2007JASTP..69..249O. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.026.
↑ Feldstein, Y. I. (2011). "A Quarter Century with the Auroral Oval". EOS. 67 (40): 761. Bibcode:1986EOSTr..67..761F. doi:10.1029/EO067i040p00761-02.
↑ Frey, H. U. (2007). "Localized aurora beyond the auroral oval". Reviews of Geophysics. 45 (1): RG1003. Bibcode:2007RvGeo..45.1003F. doi:10.1029/2005RG000174.