Ҡатын-ҡыҙҙың һайлау хоҡуғына ҡаршы Милли Ассоциация штаб-квартираһының алтаҡтаһы (ингл. National Association Against Woman Suffrage ). АҠШ , XX быуат башы
Енсиәтселек - (рус. секси́зм ) - (ингл. sexism - лат. sexus «енес») — енесе йәки гендеры буйынса кешегә кәмһетеп ҡарау йәки дискриминация Билдәле бер енескә насар ҡараш, антипатия[ 1] .
Шулай уҡ енсиәтселек патриархат яҡлылар йәки ҡатын-ҡыҙҙы иҙеү яҡлылар идеологияһы тигән фекер ҙә бар
Енсиәтселек патриархат кеүек үк донъяла киң таралған һәм әле лә хатта күпмелер демократик һәм эгалитар һаналған йәмғиәттәрҙә лә осрай[ 2]
Хәҙерге заман йәмғиәттәрендә йәшерен сексизм да осрай: улар ҡатын-ҡыҙҙы дискриминациялау бөткән тип белдерә һәм гендер тигеҙһеҙлеге һәм ҡатын-ҡыҙ хоҡуҡтарын яҡлау тураһындағы сығыштарҙы кире ҡаға. [⇨] .
Дошмандарса енсиәтселек менән бер рәттән игелекле енсиәтселек тә бар — был инде ҡатын-ҡыҙҙы саф, көсһөҙ, ирҙәр яҡлауына мохтаж заттар итеп күрһәтеү идеаллаштырыу [ 3] .
«Сексизм» һүҙен АҠШ -та феминистар хәрәкәте ағзалары «расизм» һүҙенә оҡшаштырып уйлап сығарған[ 4] [ 5] . Феминистик теория һәм гендер тикшеренеүҙәре енсиәтселекте социаль һәм гуманитар фәндәр даирәһенә лә индереп ебәрә[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] .
«Сексизм» психологик әҙәбиәткә лә хас[ 9] [ 10] .
Енсиәтселек идеологияһының бинар гендер системаһы кешеләрҙе ир-ат һәм ҡатын-ҡыҙ тип бүлә, уларҙы бер-береһенә ҡаршы ҡуя, туранан-тура йәи ситләтеп ирҙәрҙе ҡатын-ҡыҙҙан өҫтөнөрәк ҡуя. Иҡтисади, социальн һәм сәйәси тигеҙһеҙлекте улар тәбиғәттән бирелмеш айырма менән аңлата и[ 11] [ 12] .
↑ Предрассудок 2019 йыл 22 июнь архивланған . // Большая российская энциклопедия
↑ Newman, 2009 , p. 377: «Even the most democratic societies tend to be patriarchal to some degree»
↑ Hebl and O'Brien, 2009 , p. 18
↑ Masequesmay, 2008 , p. 748
↑ Kosut, 2012 , p. 327
↑ Andersen and Taylor, 2007 , p. 316: «Sexism is an ideology, but it is also a set of institutionalized practices and beliefs through which women are controlled because of the significance given to differences between the sexes»
↑ Lind, 2010 , p. 535: «Sexism is discrimination on the basis of sex and/or gender. It occurs at various levels, from the individual to the institutional, and involves practices that promote gender-based prejudice and stereotyping»
↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica : «Sexism... functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender»
↑ Glick and Rudman, 2010 , p. 328: «...Theorists... define sexism as subjectively favorable and unfavorable attitudes... that reinforce gender inequality»
↑ Ku, 2009 , p. 744: «Sexism refers to attitudes and behaviors based on sex stereotypes, or cultural assumptions attached to being male or being female that disadvantage and discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex»
↑ Ferrante, 2005 , p. 315
↑ Bem, 2008
Amaro, Hortensia, Amanda M. Navarro, Kerith Jay Conron, and Anita Raj. Cultural Influences on Women's Sexual Health // Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health / Wingood, Gina M., and Ralph J. DiClemente (eds.). — Springer, 2013. — P. 71—92. — ISBN 9781461506898 .
Andersen, Margaret L., and Howard F. Taylor. Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society, Updated . — Cengage Learning, 2007. — ISBN 9780495007425 .
Baker, Nancy Lynn. Prejudice // Encyclopedia of Women and Gender. Two-Volume Set: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender / Worell, Judith (ed.). — Academic Press, 2001. — P. 865—877. — ISBN 9780080548494 .
Bailey, Alison Privilege: Expanding on Marilyn Frye's “Oppression” // Journal of Social Philosophy . — 1998. — Т. 29. — № 3. — С. 104—119.(недоступная ссылка)
Barreto, Manuela, and Naomi Ellemers. Sexism in Contemporary Societies: How it is Expressed, Perceived, Confirmed, and Resisted // The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology / Ryan, Michelle K., and Nyla R. Branscombe. — Sage, 2013. — P. 289—305. — ISBN 9781446287149 .
Basow, Susan. Androcentrism // Encyclopedia of Women and Gender. Two-Volume Set: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender / Worell, Judith (ed.). — Academic Press, 2001. — P. 125—135. — ISBN 9780080548494 .
Becker, Julia C., and Chris G. Sibley. Sexism // Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination: 2nd Edition / Nelson, Todd D. (ed.). — Psychology Press, 2015. — P. 315—336. — 532 p. — ISBN 9781135046118 .
Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. The Lenses of Gender . — Yale University Press, 2008. — ISBN 9780300154252 .
Biology // Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories / Code, Lorraine (ed.). — Routledge, 2002. — С. 47—50. — ISBN 9781134787265 .
Birke, Lynda. Biological Essentialism // Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories / Code, Lorraine (ed.). — Routledge, 2002. — С. 46—47. — ISBN 9781134787265 .
Bolton-Holder, Linda. Androgyny // Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia / Kimmel, Michael S., and Amy Aronson (eds.). — ABC-CLIO, 2004. — Vol. 1. — P. 30—32. — 892 p. — ISBN 9781576077740 .
Bordo, Susan. Double Bind // Women's Studies Encyclopedia, Vol. 1 / Helen Tierney (ed.). — Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. — ISBN 9780313296208 .
Breckler, Steven, James Olson and Elizabeth Wiggins. Social Psychology Alive . — Cengage Learning, 2005. — ISBN 9780534578343 .
Crooks, Robert L., and Karla Baur. Our Sexuality . — Cengage Learning, 2016. — ISBN 9781305887428 .
Cudd, Ann E., and Leslie E. Jones. Sexism // A Companion to Applied Ethics / R. G. Frey, Christopher Heath Wellman (eds.). — Blackwell, 2008. — ISBN 9781405171908 .
Dunk-West, Priscilla, and Heather Brook. Sexuality // Introducing Gender and Women's Studies / Victoria Robinson, Diane Richardson (eds.). — Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. — P. 150—166. — ISBN 9781137310699 .
Fausto-Sterling, A. Is Gender Essential? // Sissies and Tomboys: Gender Nonconformity and Homosexual Childhood / Matthew Rottnek (ed.). — NYU Press, 1999. — P. 52—57. — ISBN 9780814774847 .
Ferrante, Joan. Sociology: A Global Perspective . — Cengage Learning, 2005. — ISBN 9780495005612 .
Foster, Carly Hayden. Sexism // The Encyclopedia of Political Science / George T. Kurian, James E. Alt, Simone Chambers, Geoffrey Garrett, Margaret Levi, Paula D. Mcclain (eds.). — CQ Press, 2010. — ISBN 9781933116440 .
Fredman, Sandra, and Beth Goldblatt. Gender Equality and Human Rights . — UN Women, 2015. — ISBN 978-1-63214-024-1 .
Frye, Marilyn. The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory . — Crossing Press, 1983. — ISBN 9780895940995 .
Glick, Peter, and Laurie A. Rudman. Sexism // The SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination / Dovidio, John F., Miles Hewstone, Peter Glick, and Victoria M. Esses. — SAGE, 2010. — С. 328—344. — ISBN 9781446248386 .
Griffin, C. L. Feminist communication theories // Encyclopedia of communication theory / Stephen W. Littlejohn, Karen A. Foss (eds.). — SAGE Publications, 2009. — С. 390—394. — ISBN 9781452265797 .
Haggerty, George, and Bonnie Zimmerman (eds.). Sexism // Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures . — Taylor & Francis, 2003. — P. 687—688. — 800 p. — ISBN 9781135578701 .
Hankinson-Nelson, Lynn. Androcentrism and the Philosophy of Science // Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences / Kaldis, Byron (ed.). — SAGE Publications, 2013. — P. 33—34. — ISBN 9781452276045 .
Hawkesworth, Mary, and Lisa Disch. Feminist theory: Transforming the known world // The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory / Hawkesworth, Mary (ed.). — Oxford University Press, 2016. — P. 1—15. — ISBN 9780199328581 .
Hebl, Michelle, and Katharine Ridgway O'Brien. Ambivalent Sexism // Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations / Levine, John M., and Michael A. Hogg. — SAGE Publications, 2009. — P. 17—19. — ISBN 9781452261508 .
Hegarty, Peter, Orla Parslow, Y. Gávriel Ansara, and Freyja Quick. Androcentrism: Changing the Landscape Without Leveling the Playing Field? // The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology / Ryan, Michelle K., and Nyla R. Branscombe. — Sage, 2013. — P. 29—44. — ISBN 9781446287149 .
Helgeson, Vicki S. Psychology of Gender: Fifth Edition . — Routledge, 2016. — ISBN 9781317286363 .
Hornsby, Jennifer. Sexism // The Oxford Companion to Philosophy / Honderich, Ted. — Oxford University Press, 2005. — ISBN 9780191037474 .
Jary, David, and Julia Jary (eds.). Sexism // Collins Dictionary of Sociology . — Harper Collins, 2006. — ISBN 9780007183999 .
Jiménez, Karleen Pendleton. Homophobia // Boy Culture: An Encyclopedia / Steinberg, Shirley R., Michael Kehler, and Lindsay Cornish (eds.). — ABC-CLIO, 2010. — P. 24—28. — 527 p. — ISBN 9780313350818 .
Johnson, Allan G. (ed.). Sexism // The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology . — Blackwell, 2000. — ISBN 9780631216810 .
Kanner, Melinda, and Kristin J. Anderson. The Myth of the Man-Hating Feminist // Feminism and Women's Rights Worldwide, Volume 1: Heritage, Roles, and Issues / Paludi, Michele Antoinette. — ABC-CLIO, 2010. — P. 1—26. — ISBN 9780313375965 .
Kosut, Mary (ed.). Sexism // Encyclopedia of Gender in Media . — SAGE Publications, 2012. — P. 327—332. — 528 p. — ISBN 9781412990806 .
Ku, Manwai C. Sexism // Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations / Levine, John M., and Michael A. Hogg. — SAGE Publications, 2009. — P. 744—749. — ISBN 9781452261508 .
Lind, Amy. Sexism // The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology / George Ritzer,J. Michael Ryan (eds.). — Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. — P. 535—536. — ISBN 9781444392647 .
Lorber, Judith. Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics . — Oxford University Press, 2012. — ISBN 9780199859085 .
Masequesmay, Gina. Sexism (ингл.) . Encyclopaedia Britannica . Дата обращения: 7 август 2016.
Masequesmay, Gina. Sexism // Encyclopedia of Gender and Society / O'Brien, Jody (ed.). — SAGE, 2008. — 1032 p. — ISBN 9781452266022 .
Messerschmidt, James W. Masculinities and Crime: Critique and Reconceptualization of Theory . — Rowman & Littlefield, 1993. — 236 p. — ISBN 9780847678693 .
Morton, Thomas. An Essential Debate: Science, Politics, Difference and the Gendered Self // The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology / Ryan, Michelle K., and Nyla R. Branscombe. — Sage, 2013. — P. 378—394. — ISBN 9781446287149 .
National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and HIV-Affected Hate Violence in 2013. 2014 Release Edition (ингл.) . Equality Michigan (2014). Дата обращения: 16 август 2016. Архивировано из оригинала 3 апрель 2016 года. 2016 йыл 3 апрель архивланған .
Newman, David M. The Architecture of Inequality: Sex and Gender // Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life, Brief Edition . — Pine Forge Press, 2009. — ISBN 9781412966696 .
O'Brien, Jody (ed.). Homophobia // Encyclopedia of Gender and Society . — SAGE, 2008. — 1032 p. — ISBN 9781452266022 .
Pease, Bob. Privilege // International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities . — Routledge, 2007. — P. 502—504. — ISBN 9781134317073 .
Serano, Julia. Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity . — Seal Press, 2007. — 416 p. — ISBN 9781580056236 .
Sexism // New Oxford American Dictionary. — Oxford University Press, 2010. — ISBN 9780199891535 .
Sexism // Palgrave MacMillan Dictionary of Political Thought / Scruton, Roger. — Springer, 2007. — ISBN 9780230625099 .
Sexism // The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History, Volume 6: The Modern World / Howell, James W. (ed.). — Greenwood, 2007. — ISBN 9780313336461 .
Sweat, Jeffrey. Gay-Straight Alliances // Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia / Kimmel, Michael S., and Amy Aronson (eds.). — ABC-CLIO, 2004. — Vol. 1. — P. 340. — 892 p. — ISBN 9781576077740 .
Tisdell, Elizabeth J. Feminist Epistemology // The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods / Lisa M. Given. — SAGE Publications, 2008. — P. 331—334. — 1072 p. — ISBN 9781452265896 .
Trammell, Rebecca, and Sharon S. Oselin. Women and Sexual Offending // Women Criminals: An Encyclopedia of People and Issues / Vickie Jensen (ed.). — ABC-CLIO, 2011. — P. 81—98. — 752 p. — ISBN 9780313068263 .
Razavi, Shahra. Redistributing unpaid care and sustaining quality care services: A prerequisite for gender equality (ингл.) . Policy Brief No. 5 . UN Women (2016). Дата обращения: 9 август 2016.
UN Women. SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls (ингл.) . UN Women. Дата обращения: 9 август 2016.
Unger, Rhoda K. Handbook of the Psychology of Women and Gender . — John Wiley & Sons, 2004. — ISBN 9780471653578 .
Ҡалып:Сексуальная ксенофобия
Ҡалып:Виды и формы дискриминации