Ahmad Shah Massoud

Ahmad Shah Massoud
احمد شاه مسعود
Minister of Defense of Afghanistan
Termino
Abril 28, 1992 – Septyembre 9, 2001
Temporaryo Abril 28, 1992 to Hunyo 28, 1992
Kontra sa Taliban poon Septyembre 27, 1996
President Burhanuddin Rabbani
Suminunod ki Mohammad Aslam Watanjar
Sinundan ni Mohammed Fahim
Personal na mga detalye
Kamundagan (1953-09-02)Septyembre 2, 1953[nangangaipo nin toltolan]
Bazarak, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Kagadanan Septyembre 9, 2001(2001-09-09) (edad 48)
Takhar Province, Afghanistan[lower-alpha 1]
Partido politikal Jamiat-e Islami
Agom Sediqa Massoud
Mga aki 6, kabali si Ahmad
Awards National Hero of Afghanistan
Order of Ismoili Somoni
Military service
(Mga) gaha "Lion of Panjshir" (Persiyano: شیر پنجشیر)
Serbisyo/sangay Jamiat-e Islami / Shura-e Nazar[lower-alpha 2]
Afghan Armed Forces
United Islamic Front
Mga taon kan serbisyo 1975–2001
Ranggo General
Commands Mujahideen commander during the Soviet–Afghan War
Commander of the United Islamic Front
Battles/wars
Ahmad Shah Massoud

Si Ahmad Shah Massoud (احمد شاه مسعود- Aḥmad Šāh Mas'ūd; Septyembre 2, 1953 – Septyembre 9, 2001) sarong Apganong estudyante nin inhenyero sa Kabul na nagin lider militar asin dakulang gayo an papel sa pagpalayas kan Hokbong Sobyet sa nasyon kan Apganistan. Huli kaini, siya nabansagan "Leon nin Panjshir"; an mga parasunod niya inapod siyang Āmir Sāhib-e Shahīd (An Samong Namomotan na Kumandanteng Martiryo). Sinasabing sarong debotong Sunni Muslim, na pirming may bitbit kan libro ni Ghazli (sarong Sufing mistiko), siya maisog na sinikwal an mga interpretasyon kan Islam kan mga Taliban, kan Al Qaeda asin kan mga Saudita na nag'aandorog sa Taliban. An mga tagasunod niya hinihiling siyang gayo bako sana bilang sarong lider militar kundi komo sarong lider espiritual.[4]

Kan mag'atras na an mga tropang Sobyet sa Apganistan, an Wall Street Journal binunyagan siyang "An Apganong ginana an Cold War". Kan maglakma' na an komunistang gobyerno na suportado kan mga Sobyet (1992), an Republikang Demokratiko nin Apganistan na pinamayohan ni Mohammad Najibullah, si Massoud nagin Ministro kan Defensa sa gobyerno ni Burhanuddin Rabbani. Alagad pag'abot kan taon 1996, panahon na nagbungkaras an pwersa kan Taliban asin naagaw kani an poder, si Massoud nagbalik sa papel niyang lider sa oposisyon. Ginibo siyang kumander militar asin lider pulitikal kan United Islamic Front. Sa Solnopan, inapod an grupong oposisyon na ini na Northern Alliance.

Kan Septyembre 9, 2001, duwang aldaw bago kaidtong atake Septyembre 11 sa Estados Unidos, si Massoud naasisinar sa probinsya nin Takhar, Apganistan kan duwang pinagsasahotan na mga Arabong myembro kan al-Qaeda na nagsaginsagin mga peryodista na mainterbyu saiya. Siya sunod na taon pigbunyagan bilang sarong heroe nasyunal sa pagboot ni Apganong Presidente na si Hamid Karzai.An aldaw kan saiyang kagadanan, Sept. 9, pigroromdom ngonyan bilang "Aldaw ni Massoud" kan nasyon.[5] Nominado man siya kan 2002 bilang kandidato para sa Nobel Peace Prize.

Mga dugang na basahon

[baguhon | baguhon an source]
  • Marcela Grad (2009): Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader; Webster University Press, 310pp (recommended)
  • Sediqa Massoud with Chékéba Hachemi and Marie-Francoise Colombani (2005): Pour l'amour de Massoud; Document XO Editions, 265pp (in French) (recommended)
  • Amin Saikal (2006): Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival; I. B. Tauris, 352pp ("One of the "Five Best" Books on Afghanistan" - Wall Street Journal)
  • Roy Gutman (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan; United States Institute of Peace Press, 304pp
  • Coll, Steve (2004): Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 9, 2001; Penguin Press, 695pp, ISBN 1-59420-007-6. (won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction)
  • Stephen Tanner: Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban
  • Christophe de Ponfilly (2001): Massoud l'Afghan; Gallimard, 437pp (in French)
  • Gary C. Schroen (2005): 'First In' An Insiders Account of How The CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan; New York: Presido Press/Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-89141-872-6.
  • Peter Bergen: Holy War, Inc.
  • Ahmed Rashid: TALIBAN - The Story of the Afghan Warlords; ISBN 0-330-49221-7.
  • A. R. Rowan: On The Trail Of A Lion: Ahmed Shah Massoud, Oil Politics and Terror
  • Ken Follett: Lie Down With Lions
  • James McGee: Crow's War
  • MaryAnn T. Beverly (2007): From That Flame; Kallisti Publishing
  • Roger Plunk: The Wandering Peacemaker
  • References to Massoud appear in the book "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Khaled Hosseini.

Mga panluwas na takod

[baguhon | baguhon an source]
Apganistan - an Narawrawan na Kapangganahan (pelikulang dokumentaryo) kan BBC

(documentary film directly from the year 1989 explaining the beginning of the turmoil to follow)

Kumandante Massoud, an saiyang pakipagtusay (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Nagakura Hiromi

(poon 1992: sarong bulan pakatapos nagbagsak an komunistang rehimen, kan si Hekmatyar mapalayas asin nagdalagan sa habagatan na luwasluwas kan Kabul, bago siya nagparabomba naman kan Kabul, na suportado kan mga Pakistani)

Massoud, an urulay ninda ni Hekmatyar (orihinal na dokumento 1992)
Ahmad Shah Massoud - Apgano nin Palad (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Iqbal Malhotra
Massoud, an Apgano (pelikula dokumentaryo) ki Christophe de Ponfilly
Siisay naggadan ki Massoud? (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Didier Martiny
An Leon kan Panjshir (Sinfonia No. 2) para sa banda sinfonia kan kompsoitor na si David Gaines
Mga Retrato

Toltolan

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  1. ↑ "India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-airlifts-military-hospital-to-tajikistan-to-strengthen-geo-strategic-footprint-in-central-asia/articleshow/19609593.cms?from=mdr. 
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/10/05/afghan-rebels-rebound-from-their-leaders-death/982ed6a7-bf5d-4d38-85d6-8da486ff1cd7/. 
  3. ↑ "Martyrs Week, Massoud's Death Anniversary Commemorated". Tolo News. September 9, 2019. Two years later, in 1975, he led the first rebellion of Panjshir residents against the government of that time. 
  4. ↑ name="Webster University Press Book"
  5. ↑ Afghanistan Events, Lonely Planet Travel Guide.


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