Amaterasu

Si Amaterasu nagbutwa gikan sa kweba, Ama-no-Iwato, kun saen siya minsan nagretiro

Si Amasterasu, bisto man sa Amaterasu Ōmikami (天照大御神, 天照大神) o Ōhirumi no Muchi no Kami (大日孁貴神), iyo an diyosa kan saldang sa mitolohiyang Hapones. Saro sa mayor na mga dios (kami) kan Shinto, siya ilinaladawan man sa kaenot-enoteng mga tekstong literaryo sa Hapon, an Kojiki (c. 712 CE) asin an Nihon Shoki (120 CE), bilang an tagapamahala (o saro sa mga tagapamahala) kan langitnon na rona na Takamagahara asin an osipon na apoon kan Imperial House nin Hapon sa paagi kan saiyang makuapong si Ninigi. Kaiba kan saiyang mga tugang, an dios kan bulan na si Tsukuyomi asin an simple sanang dios nin bagyo na si Susanoo, siya ibinibilang na saro sa "Three Precious Children" (三貴子, mihashira no uzu no miko / sankishi), an tolong pinakamahalagang aki kan kaglalang na dios na si Izanagi.

An pangenot na lugar nin pagsamba ni Amaterasu, an Dakulang Dambana kan Ise sa Ise, Prepekturang Mie, saro sa pinakaamay na lugar kan Shinto asin sarong mayor na sentro nin pilgrimahe asin lugar nin mga turista. Arog kan iba pang kamit nin Shinto, siya nalalaom man sa dakol na altar nin Shinto sa bilog na Hapon.

Ngaran

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An diosa nanonongod bilang si 'Amaterasu Ōmikami' (天照大御神 (あまてらすおおみかみ) / 天照大神; historical orthography: あまてらすおほみかみ, Amaterasu Ohomikami; Daan na Hapones: Amaterasu Opomi1kami2) sa Kojiki, mantang an Nihon Shoki nagtatao kan minasunod na manlaenlaen na mga ngaran:

  • Ōhirume-no-Muchi (大日孁貴 (おおひるめのむち); Man'yōgana: 於保比屢咩能武智; hist. ortograpiya: おほひるめのむち, Ohohirume-no-Muchi; Daan na Hapones: Opopi1rume1-no2-Muti)[1][2]
  • Amaterasu Ō(mi)kami (天照大神; hist. ortograpiya: あまてらすおほ(み)かみ, Amaterasu Oho(mi)kami)[1][2]
  • Amaterasu Ōhirume no Mikoto (天照大日孁尊)[1][2]
  • Hi-no-Kami (日神; OJ: Pi1-no-Kami2)[1][2]

An 'Amaterasu' pinaghuhuna na naggikan sa panhiro na amateru "ilawan / magkintab sa langit" (ama "sky, heaven" + teru "to shine") combined with the honorific auxiliary verb -su,[3] while 'Ōmikami' means "great [and] august deity" (ō "great" + honorific prefix mi- + kami). Manonotaran na an 'Amaterasu' sa 'Amaterasu Ōmikami' bakong teknikalmente sarong ngaran pareho kan 'Susanoo' sa 'Susa no O no Mikoto' o 'Ōkuninushi' sa 'Ōkuninushi no Kami' are. An Amaterasu iyo an attributive verb form na minabago sa pangngaran pagkatapos kaan, ōmikami. An epithet na ini kun siring, urog na semantically transparent kisa sa kadaklan na ngaran na nairekord sa Kojiki asin Nihon Shoki, na diyan nangangahulogan na eksakto sa kun ano an saiyang boot sabihon, mayong alusyon, inference o etymological opacity, literalmente "The Great August Goddess Who Augustly Shines in Heaven". An paggamit na ini analogo sa paggamit kan relative clauses sa Ingles, laen sana sa Japanese clauses ibinugtak sa atubangan kan pangngaran na saindang linaladawan. Ini urog na eksemplikado kan (1) an alternatibong epithet, 'Amateru Kami' (天照神,[4] "The Goddess Who Shines in Heaven"), which is a plain, non-honorific version of 'Amaterasu Ōmikami', (2) mga alternatibong porma kan verb na amaterasu na ginamit maski saen man, por ehemplo an saiyang continuative form amaterashi (天 (あま)照 (てら)之 (し)) in the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,[5] asin (3) an mga kaagid na paggamit kan attributive verb na porma sa siring na mga epithet, siring kan Emperador Jinmu's Hatsu Kunishirasu Sumeramikoto (始馭天下之天皇,[6] "His Majesty Who First Rules the Land"). Igwa man giraray nin mga siring na porma nin verb na tinatratar bilang proper ngaran, siring kan terminal negatibong fukiaezu sa 'Ugayafukiaezu no Mikoto' (鸕鷀草葺不合尊, "His Augustness, Incompletely-Thatched-with-Comoran-Feathers")

An saiyang ibang ngaran, 'Ōhirume', parating nasasabotan na igwa nin kahulogan na "great woman of the sun / daytime" (cf. hiru "day(time), noon", from hi "saldang, aldaw" + me "babaye, daraga"),[7][8][9] minsan siring, an mga alternatibong etimolohiya siring kan "great spirit woman" (kukuanon an hi nangangahulugan na "espirito") o "agom na babaye kan saldang" (suggested by Orikuchi Shinobu, na nagtao nin dalan sa teorya na an Amaterasu orihinal na ipinangidam bilang iyo an konsorte o babaying padi kan sarong lalaking dios kan saldang) minsan nang propwesto.[7][10][11][12] An posibleng koneksyon sa ngaran na Hiruko (the child rejected by the gods Izanagi asin an Izanami asin an saro sa mga tugang ni Amaterasu) isinuherir man.[13] To this name is appended the honorific muchi,[14] na mahihiling man sa dikit na ibang mga theonym siring kan 'Ō(a)namuchi'[15] o 'Michinushi-no-Muchi' (an epithet kan tulong diyosang Munakata[16]).

Bilang sarong apoon kan imperial line, an epithet na 'Sume(ra)-Ō(mi)kami' (皇大神, lit. "great imperial deity"; also read as 'Kōtaijin'[17]) aplikable man sa Amaterasu sa mga ngaran siring kan 'Amaterasu Sume(ra) Ō(mi)kami' (天照皇大神, also read as 'Tenshō Kōtaijin')[18][19] and 'Amaterashimasu-Sume(ra)-Ōmikami' (天照坐皇大御神).[20]

Durante kan edad medya asin amay na modernong periodo, an diedad nanonongod man bilang 'Tenshō Daijin' (an on'yomi kan 天照大神) o 'Amateru Ongami' (an alternatibong pagbasa kan pareho man sana).[21][22][23][24]

An ngaran na 'Amaterasu Ōmikami' minsan nang pinalis sa Ingles sa manlaenlaen na mga paagi. Mantang an bilang kan mga author siring kan Donald Philippi itinuring iyan bilang "heaven-illuminating great deity,"[25] An Basil Hall Chamberlain nakipagsuway (citing the authority of Motoori Norinaga) na ini urog na accurately nasasabotan na an boot sabihon iyo an "shining in heaven" (nin huli ta an auxiliary na su iyo an onoripiko sana, bakong causative, kaya an siring na interpretasyon na "to make heaven shine" dai manonompongan an tanda), asin pinalis iyan bilang "Heaven-Shining-Great-August-Deity".[26] An pagkakapalis ni Gustav Heldt kan 2014 kan Kojiki, meanwhile, renders it bilang "an dakula asin makusog na espirito Heaven Shining."[27]

Toltolan

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Kuroita, Katsumi (1943). Kundoku Nihon Shoki, vol. 1 (訓読日本書紀 上巻). Iwanami Shoten. p. 27. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Plantilya:Cite wikisource
  3. ↑ Akira Matsumura, ed. (1995). 大辞林. Daijirin (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). Sanseido Books. ISBN 978-4385139005. 
  4. ↑ "天照神". kotobank.jp. 
  5. ↑ "日本三代實録の地震史料". ja.wikisource.org. 
  6. ↑ "始馭天下之天皇・御肇国天皇". kotobank.jp. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tatsumi, Masaaki. "天照らす日女の命 (Amaterasuhirumenomikoto)". 万葉神事語辞典 (in Japanese). Kokugakuin University. Archived from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-11.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Naumann, Nelly (1982). "'Sakahagi': The 'Reverse Flaying' of the Heavenly Piebald Horse". Asian Folklore Studies 41 (1): 26–27. doi:10.2307/1178306. 
  9. ↑ Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the tale of Empress Jingū's Subjugation of Silla". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies (Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture) 20 (2–3): 120–121. doi:10.18874/jjrs.20.2-3.1993.95-185. https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2513. 
  10. ↑ Eliade, Mircea, ed. (1987). "Amaterasu". The Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. 1. Macmillan. p. 228. 
  11. ↑ Akima (1993). p. 172.
  12. ↑ Matsumura, Kazuo (2014). Mythical Thinkings: What Can We Learn from Comparative Mythology?. Countershock Press. p. 118. ISBN 9781304772534. 
  13. ↑ Wachutka, Michael (2001). Historical Reality Or Metaphoric Expression?: Culturally Formed Contrasts in Karl Florenz' and Iida Takesato's Interpretations of Japanese Mythology. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 113–114. 
  14. ↑ "貴（むち）". goo国語辞書 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-10-11. 
  15. ↑ Tsugita, Uruu (2008). Shinpan Norito Shinkō (新版祝詞新講). Ebisu Kōshō Shuppan. pp. 506–507. ISBN 9784900901858. 
  16. ↑ Plantilya:Cite wikisource
  17. ↑ "皇大神". Kotobank. The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved 2020-10-11.  Unknown parameter |script-website= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Tobe, Tamio (2004). "Nihon no kami-sama" ga yoku wakaru hon: yaoyorozu no kami no kigen / seikaku kara go-riyaku made o kanzen gaido (「日本の神様」がよくわかる本: 八百万神の起源・性格からご利益までを完全ガイド). PHP Kenkyūsho. 
  19. ↑ Nagasawa, Rintarō (1917). Kōso kōsō no seiseki (皇祖皇宗之聖蹟). Shinreikaku. p. 1. 
  20. ↑ "天照大御神(アマテラスオオミカミ)". 京都通百科事典 (Encyclopedia of Kyoto). Retrieved 2020-10-11. 
  21. ↑ Teeuwen, Mark (2015). "Knowing vs. owning a secret: Secrecy in medieval Japan, as seen through the sokui kanjō enthronement unction". In Scheid, Bernhard; Teeuwen, Mark. The Culture of Secrecy in Japanese Religion. Routledge. p. 1999. ISBN 9781134168743. 
  22. ↑ Kaempfer, Engelbert (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed. Translated by Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice M. University of Hawaii Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780824820664. 
  23. ↑ Hardacre, Helen (1988). Kurozumikyo and the New Religions of Japan. Princeton University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0691020485. 
  24. ↑ Bocking, Brian (2013). The Oracles of the Three Shrines: Windows on Japanese Religion. Routledge. ISBN 9781136845451. 
  25. ↑ Philippi, Donald L. (1968). Kojiki. Translated with an Introduction and Notes. University of Tokyo Press. p. 454. 
  26. ↑ Chamberlain (1882). Section XI.—Investiture of the Three Deities; The Illustrious August Children.
  27. ↑ Heldt, Gustav (2014). The Kojiki: An Account of Ancient Matters. Columbia University Press. pp. xiv, 18. ISBN 978-0-2311-6388-0.