এডওয়ার্ড হিথ

১৯৬৬ সালে এডওয়ার্ড হিথ

স্যার এডওয়ার্ড রিচার্ড জর্জ হিথ কেজি এমবিই (Edward Richard George Heath; ৯ জুলাই, ১৯১৬ – ১৭ জুলাই, ২০০৫) ছিলেন একজন ব্রিটিশ রাজনীতিবিদ। তিনি ১৯৭০ থেকে ১৯৭৪ সাল পর্যন্ত যুক্তরাজ্যের প্রধানমন্ত্রী ছিলেন। তিনি ১৯৬৫ থেকে ১৯৭৫ সাল পর্যন্ত কন্‌সারভেটিভ (রক্ষনশীল) পার্টির প্রাক্তন নেতা ছিলেন।

জীবনী

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এডওয়ার্ড হিথ ১৯১৬ সালের ৯ই জুলাই কেন্টের ব্রডস্টেয়ারের ৫৪ আলবিয়ন রোডে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ছেলেবেলায় তার ডাকনাম ছিল টেডি। তার পিতা উইলিয়াম জর্জ হিথ (১৮৮৮-১৯৭৬) ছিলেন একজন কাঠমিস্ত্রী এবং মাতা এডিথ অ্যান হিথ (জন্ম: প্যান্টনি, ১৮৮৮-১৯৫১) ছিলেন একজন গৃহপরিচারিকা। পরবর্তীতে তার পিতা সফল ক্ষুদ্র ব্যবসায়ী ছিলেন। হিথ র‍্যামসগেটের চ্যাটাম হাউজ গ্রামার স্কুলে পড়াশুনা করেন। ১৯৩৫ সালে কাউন্টি বৃত্তি পেয়ে তিনি বালিওল কলেজে ভর্তি হন।[১]

তথ্যসূত্র

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  1. ↑ Ziegler, Edward Heath (2010) ch 1

আরও পড়ুন

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Biographies of Heath

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Politics and domestic policy

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  • Ball, Stuart, and Anthony Seldon, eds. The Heath Government: 1970–1974: A Reappraisal (London: Longman, 1996) 423pp.
  • Beckett, Andy. When The Lights Went Out: What Really Happened to Britain in the Seventies (2010)
  • Blake, Robert. The Conservative Party from Peel to Major (Faber & Faber, 2012) pp. 299–220.
  • Butler, David E. et al. The British General Election of 1970 (1971)
  • Butler, David E. et al. The British General Election of February 1974 (1975)
  • Butler, David E. et al. The British General Election of October 1974 (1975)
  • Cowley, Philip; Bailey, Matthew. "Peasants' Uprising or Religious War? Re-examining the 1975 Conservative Leadership Contest," British Journal of Political Science (2000) 30#4 pp. 599–630 in JSTOR
  • Dunton, Mark. "Probing the 1970s: A Case Study: Inflation, Public Relations, and the Heath Administration, 1972." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 38.126 (2013): 28–39.
  • Foster, John. "Upper Clyde Shipbuilders 1971–2 and Edward Heath's U-turn: How a united workforce defeated a divided government." Mariner's Mirror 102#1 (2016): 34–48.
  • Heppell, Timothy. Choosing the Tory Leader: Conservative Party Leadership Elections from Heath to Cameron (IB Tauris, 2007).
  • Heppell, Timothy, and Michael Hill. "Prime ministerial powers of patronage: ministerial appointments and dismissals under Edward Heath." Contemporary British History 29.4 (2015): 464–485.
  • Holmes, Martin. The Failure of the Heath Government (2nd ed. 1997) excerpt and text search
  • Holmes, Martin. Political pressure and economic policy: British government 1970–1974 (1982) excerpt.
  • Hughes, Rosaleen Anne. টেমপ্লেট:"'Governing in hard times': the Heath government and civil emergencies–the 1972 and the 1974 miners' strikes." (Dissertation, Queen Mary University of London; 2012) online.
  • Hurd, Douglas. An end to promises: sketch of a government, 1970–1974 (1976)
  • Lockwood, Charles. "'Action Not Words': The Conservative Party, Public Opinion and 'Scientific' Politics, c. 1945–70." Twentieth Century British History 31.3 (2020): 360–386.
  • Moore, Charles. Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands (2013)
  • Pearce, Robert. "Bad Blood: Powell, Heath and the Tory party." History Today (April 2008), 58#4 pp. 33–39.
  • Pentland, Gordon. "Edward Heath, the Declaration of Perth and the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party, 1966–70." Twentieth Century British History 26#2 (2015): 249–273.
  • Ramsden, J. The winds of change: Macmillan to Heath, 1957–1975 (1996), Volume 5 of the History of the Conservative Party.
  • Roe-Crines, Andrew S., and Timothy Heppell, eds. Policies and Politics Under Prime Minister Edward Heath (2020) excerpt
  • Sandbrook, Dominic. State of Emergency The Way We Were Britain 1970–1974 (2010) 755pp
  • Smith, Jeremy. "'Walking a Real Tight-rope of Difficulties': Sir Edward Heath and the Search for Stability in Northern Ireland, June 1970 – March 1971," Twentieth Century British History (2007) 18#2 pp. 219–253.
  • Turner, Alwyn W. Crisis? What Crisis?: Britain in the 1970s (2009), how the popular culture handled political issues
  • Watkins, Alan. A Conservative Coup. London: Duckworth, 1991 আইএসবিএন ৯৭৮-০-৭১৫৬-২৪৩৫-৭
  • Young, Hugo and Goodman, Geoffrey. "The Trade Unions and the Fall of the Heath Government," Contemporary Record (1988) 1#4 pp. 36–46.

Foreign and defence policy

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  • Benvenuti, Andrea. "The Heath Government and British Defence Policy in Southeast Asia at the End of Empire (1970–71)," Twentieth Century British History 20#1 (2009), 53–73.
  • Brummer, Justin Adam. "Anglo-American relations and the EC enlargement, 1969–1974' (PhD dissertation, University College London, 2012) online
  • Hamai, Yumiko. "'Imperial Burden' or 'Jews of Africa'?: An Analysis of Political and Media Discourse in the Ugandan Asian Crisis (1972)." Twentieth Century British History 22.3 (2011): 415–436.
  • Hughes, R. Gerald, and Thomas Robb. "Kissinger and the Diplomacy of Coercive Linkage in the 'Special Relationship' between the United States and Great Britain, 1969–1977." Diplomatic History' 37.4 (2013): 861–905.
  • Hynes, Catherine. The Year That Never Was: Heath, the Nixon Administration, and the Year of Europe (University College Dublin Press, 2009).
  • Jeffrey, Samuel Robert. "A Most Divisive Year: The Year of Europe and the Special Relationship in 1973" (Thesis, Vanderbilt University History Dept., 2016) online bibliography pp. 133–146.
  • Langlois, Laëtitia. "Edward Heath and the Europeanisation of Englishness: The Hopes and Failures of a European English Leader," in Englishness revisited ed. by Floriane Reviron-Piégay. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009), pp. 174–88
  • Leonard, Dick. "Edward Heath—Cheerleader for Europe." in Leonard, A Century of Premiers (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005). 263–281.
  • Lord, Christopher. British Entry to the European Community under the Heath Government, 1970–74 (1993) p. 194
  • Mockli, Daniel. European foreign policy during the Cold War: Heath, Brandt, Pompidou and the dream of political unity (IB Tauris, 2008).
  • Novak, Andrew. "Averting an African Boycott: British Prime Minister Edward Heath and Rhodesian Participation in the Munich Olympics," Britain and the World (2013) 6#1 pp. 27–47 DOI:10.3366/brw.2013.0076
  • Parr, Helen. "The British Decision to Upgrade Polaris, 1970–4," Contemporary European History (2013) 22#2 pp. 253–274.
  • Parr, Helen. "'The Nuclear Myth': Edward Heath, Europe, and the International Politics of Anglo-French Nuclear Co-Operation 1970–3." International History Review 35#3 (2013): 534–555.
  • Patterson, Henry. "The border security problem and Anglo-Irish relations 1970–1973." Contemporary British History 26.2 (2012): 231–251.
  • Robb, Thomas. "Antelope, Poseidon or a Hybrid: The Upgrading of the British Strategic Nuclear Deterrent, 1970–1974." Journal of Strategic Studies (2010) 33#6 pp. 797–817
  • Robb, Thomas. "The Power of Oil: Edward Heath, the 'Year of Europe' and the Anglo-American 'Special Relationship'", Contemporary British History (2012) 26#1 pp. 73–96. on 1974
  • Rossbach, Niklas H. Heath, Nixon and the Rebirth of the Special Relationship: Britain, the US and the EC, 1969–74 (2009) excerpt and text search
  • Scott, Andrew. Allies apart: Heath, Nixon and the Anglo-American relationship (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) 272 pp
  • Smith, Simon C. "Coming Down on the Winning Side: Britain and the South Asia Crisis, 1971." Contemporary British History 24.4 (2010): 451–470.
  • Spelling, Alex. "Edward Heath and Anglo-American Relations 1970–1974: A Reappraisal," Diplomacy & Statecraft (2009) 20, Number 4, pp. 638–658.
  • Spelling, Alex. "'Recrimination and reconciliation': Anglo-American relations and the Yom Kippur War." Cold War History 13.4 (2013): 485–506.
  • Stoddart, Kristan. "The Heath Government, France, and the Not So Special Relationship, 1970–1974." in Stoddart, The Sword and the Shield: Britain, America, NATO and Nuclear Weapons, 1970–1976 (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014) pp. 11–42.

Historiography

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বহিঃসংযোগ

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