Neurodiverzitet

Autistička umjetnost oslikavajući prirodnu raznolikost ljudskih umova

Neurodiverzitet ili ND, odnosi se na varijacije u ljudskom mozgu i kogniciji, naprimjer u društvenosti, učenju, pažnji, raspoloženju i ostalim mentalnim funkcijama.^[1] Termin je izmislila sociologinja Judy Singer1998., koja je pomogla popularizaciji koncepta zajedno s novinarom Harveyjem Blumeom,^[1] i postavila ljudske kognitivne varijacije u kontekst biodiverziteta i politike manjinskih grupa.^[2][3] Ovaj stav je proizašao iz Pokreta za prava autizma, kao izazov preovlađujućim stavovima da su određene stvari koje se trenutno klasifikuju kao neurorazvojni poremećaji inherentno patološki. Nadovezuje se na socijalni model invaliditeta, u kojem invalidnost nastaje iz društvenih barijera interakcije sa individualnim razlikama, umjesto da su ljudi invalidi samo kao rezultat oštećenja. Neki zagovornici i istraživači neurodiverziteta, posebno Judy Singer i Patrick Dwyer, tvrde da je paradigma neurodiverziteta sredina između snažnog medicinskog modela i snažnog društvenog modela.^[4][5][6]

Naredna paradigma neurodiverziteta bila je kontroverzna među zagovornicima invalidnosti, sa protivnika koji tvrde da rizikuje umanjivanje patnje povezane s nekim invaliditetom i poziva za prihvatanje stvari koje bi neki želeli da se tretiraju.^{[7][8][9][10][11]} Autistički samozastupnik i istraživač Ari Ne'eman, jedan od glavnih zagovornika pokreta za neurodiverzitet, predložio je pristup zasnovan na osobinama, što znači da se elementi medicinskog (ili patološkog) modela mogu primijeniti u liječenju određenih osobina , ponašanja ili stanja koja su suštinski štetna (npr. samopovređivanje, poremećaji govornog jezika ili druga zdravstvena stanja koja se pojavljuju), dok se pristupi neurodiverziteta mogu primijeniti na neštetne ili adaptivne autistične osobine (npr. glasanje), intenzivna interesovanja iste osobe.^[12][13] Nadalje, posljednjih godina došlo je do razvoja intervencija koje potvrđuju neurodiverzitet i reformi nekih intervencija.^[14][15]

Historija

Riječ neurodiverzitet pripisuje se Judy Singer, društvena naučnica koja je sebe opisala kao "vjerovatno negdje u autističkom spektru."^[16] She used the term in her sociology honours thesis published in 1999,^[16][17] drawing on discussions on the InLv mailing list with others including American journalist and writer Harvey Blume,^[18] čiji je članak od 30. septembra 1998. u The Atlantic prvi upotrebio termin u štampi.^[19] Termin je predstavljao odmak od prethodnih teorije o krivnji majke kao uzroku [[autizam|autizma.^[20]

Također pogledajte

• Apel na prirodu
• Autistička umjetnost
• Dan autističnog ponosa
• Antipsihijatrija
• Oznaka invaliditeta
• Pokret za prava osoba sa invaliditetom
• Funkcionalna raznolikost
• Genetička raznolikost
• Politika identiteta
• Pokret ponos ludosti
• Poricanje mentalne bolesti
• Mnoštvo (psihologija)
• Neuroolemena
• Politička korektnost
• Pokret psihijatrijskih preživjelih
• Društveni i kulturni aspekti autizma
• Društveni i kulturni aspekti Touretteovog sindroma
• Mit o mentalnoj bolesti

Reference

1. Armstrong, Thomas (2011). The power of neurodiversity: unleashing the advantages of your differently wired brain (1st Da Capo Press paperback izd.). Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Lifelong. ISBN 9780738215242. OCLC 760085215.
2. "Reflections on the Neurodiversity Paradigm: What is Neurodiversity?". Reflections on the Neurodiversity Paradigm. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2022.
3. Singer, Judy (3. 7. 2016). NeuroDiversity: The Birth of an Idea (jezik: English) (2nd izd.). Judy Singer. ASIN B01HY0QTEE.Šablon:Sps
4. Patrick Dwyer (2022). "The Neurodiversity Approach(es): What Are They and What Do They Mean for Researchers?" (PDF). Human Development. 66 (2): 73–92. doi:10.1159/000523723. S2CID 247062174 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć). Pristupljeno 24. 7. 2022.
5. Oliver, Michael (2006). Social work with disabled people. Sapey, Bob. (3rd izd.). Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403918384. OCLC 62326930.
6. Chapman, Robert (10. 1. 2019). "Neurodiversity Theory and Its Discontents: Autism, Schizophrenia, and the Social Model of Disability". u Tekin, Serife; Bluhm, Robyn (ured.). The Bloomsbury Companion to Philosophy of Psychiatry. Bloomsbury. str. 371–387. ISBN 9781350024069.
7. Opar, Alisa (6. 5. 2019). "A medical condition or just a difference? The question roils autism community". The Washington Post. Pristupljeno 12. 5. 2019.
8. Robison, John E. "The Controversy Around Autism and Neurodiversity". Psychology Today (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2019.
9. McGee, Micki (august 2012). "Neurodiversity". Contexts. 11 (3): 12–13. doi:10.1177/1536504212456175. S2CID 220720495.
10. Sarrett, Jennifer (april 2016). "Biocertification and Neurodiversity the Role and Implications of Self-Diagnosis in Autistic Communities". www.researchgate.net. Pristupljeno 6. 3. 2022.
11. Bailin, Aiyana. "Clearing Up Some Misconceptions about Neurodiversity". Scientific American Blog Network (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2022.
12. Ari Ne’emana; Elizabeth Pellicano (2022). "Neurodiversity as Politics". Human Development. 66 (2): 149–157. doi:10.1159/000524277. S2CID 247829768 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć). Pristupljeno 24. 7. 2022.
13. Charlton, Rebecca A.; Entecott, Timothy; Belova, Evelina; Nwaordu, Gabrielle (2021). ""It feels like holding back something you need to say": Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults accounts of sensory experiences and stimming". Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 89: 101864. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101864. S2CID 240532683 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć).
14. Leadbitter, Kathy; Buckle, Karen Leneh; Ellis, Ceri; Dekker, Martijn (2021). "Autistic Self-Advocacy and the Neurodiversity Movement: Implications for Autism Early Intervention Research and Practice". Frontiers in Psychology. 12: 635690. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635690. PMC 8075160. PMID 33912110 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |pmid= (pomoć).
15. Schuck, Rachel K.; Tagavi, Daina M.; Baiden, Kaitlynn M. P.; Dwyer, Patrick; Williams, Zachary J.; Osuna, Anthony; Ferguson, Emily F.; Jimenez Muñoz, Maria; Poyser, Samantha K.; Johnson, Joy F.; Vernon, Ty W. (2021). "Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05316-x. PMID 34643863 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |pmid= (pomoć). S2CID 238744698 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć).
16. "Meet Judy Singer Neurodiversity Pioneer". My Spectrum Suite (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 6. 6. 2019. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2019.
17. Singer, Judy (1. 2. 1999). "'Why can't you be normal for once in your life?' From a 'problem with no name' to the emergence of a new category of difference". u Corker, Mairian; French, Sally (ured.). Disability Discourse (jezik: engleski). McGraw-Hill Education (UK). str. 59–67. ISBN 9780335202225. For me, the key significance of the 'autism spectrum' lies in its call for and anticipation of a politics of neurological diversity, or neurodiversity.
18. Dekker, Martijn (8. 11. 2019). "From Exclusion to Acceptance: Independent Living on the Autistic Spectrum". Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement (jezik: engleski). Singapore: Springer Singapore. str. 41–49. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8437-0_3. ISBN 978-981-13-8436-3.
19. Blume, Harvey (30. 9. 1998). "Neurodiversity". The Atlantic. Arhivirano s originala, 15. 5. 2022. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2007. Neurodiversity may be every bit as crucial for the human race as biodiversity is for life in general. Who can say what form of wiring will prove best at any given moment? Cybernetics and computer culture, for example, may favor a somewhat autistic cast of mind.
20. Bumiller, Kristin (2009). "The Geneticization of Autism: From New Reproductive Technologies to the Conception of Genetic Normalcy". Signs. 34 (4): 875–899. doi:10.1086/597130. ISSN 0097-9740. JSTOR 10.1086/597130. S2CID 146225580.

Dopunska literatura

• Armstrong, Thomas (2010). Neurodiversity: Discovering the Extraordinary Gifts of Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, and Other Brain Differences. Boston: Da Capo Lifelong. str. 288. ISBN 978-0738213545.
• Armstrong, Thomas (2012). Neurodiversity in the Classroom: Strength-Based Strategies to Help Students with Special Needs Succeed in School and Life. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development. str. 188. ISBN 978-1416614838.
• McNamara, Brittany (2016). "The Kaleidoscope Society Is Smashing ADHD Stigma for Women and Girls", December 12, 2016.
• Nerenberg, Jenara (2017). "What Neurodiversity Is And Why Companies Should Embrace It", Fast Company May 19, 2017.
• Reitman, Harold (2015). Aspertools: The Practical Guide for Understanding and Embracing Asperger's, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Neurodiversity. Deerfield Beach, FL: HCI Books. str. 240. ISBN 9780757318542.
• Silberman, Steve (16. 4. 2013). "Neurodiversity Rewires Conventional Thinking About Brains". Wired. Pristupljeno 7. 5. 2013.
• Praslova, Ludmila N.(2021). Autism Doesn’t Hold People Back at Work. Discrimination Does. Harvard Business Review, December 13, 2021.
• Praslova, Ludmila N.(2021). Neurodivergent people make great leaders, not just employees. Fast Company, December 15, 2021.
• Praslova, Ludmila N.(2022). An Intersectional Approach to Inclusion at Work. Harvard Business Review, June 21, 2022
• Singer, Judy (2016). NeuroDiversity: The Birth of an Idea. ISBN 978-0648154709
• Smith, Theo and Kirby, Amanda (2021). Neurodiversity at Work: Drive Innovation, Performance and Productivity with a Neurodiverse Workforce. ISBN 978-1398600249

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