Projektil

U vojnoj terminologiji, ^[1] projektil je vođeno vazdušno dalekometno oružje sposobno za samohodni let obično pomoću mlaznog motora ili raketnog motora. Rakete se stoga nazivaju i vođeni projektili. Rakete imaju pet sistemskih komponenti: ciljanje, sistem navođenja, sistem leta, motor i bojevu glavu. Rakete dolaze u tipovima prilagođenim za različite namjene: rakete zemlja-zemlja i vazduh-zemlja (balističke, krstareće, protivbrodske, protivtenkovske, itd.), rakete zemlja-vazduh (i antibalističke), rakete vazduh-vazduh i protivsatelitsko oružje .

Zračne eksplozivne naprave bez pogona nazivaju se granatama ako ih ispaljuje artiljerija i bombama ako ih ispali iz aviona. Nevođene rakete na mlazni ili raketni pogon obično se opisuju kao raketna artiljerija.

Historijski gledano, riječ projektil se odnosila na svaki projektil koji je bačen, ispaljen ili izbačen prema meti, a i danas se koristi u istom kontekstu.^[1]

Rani razvoj

Prve rakete koje su se operativno koristile bile su serije projektila koje je razvila nacistička Njemačka u Drugom svjetskom ratu. Najpoznatije od njih su leteća bomba V-1 i raketa V-2, od kojih su obje koristile mehanički autopilot kako bi projektil letio po unaprijed odabranoj ruti.^[2] Manje poznate bile su serije protiv-brodskih i protivvazdušnih projektila, obično baziranih na jednostavnom sistemu radio kontrole (komandnog navođenja) kojim upravlja operater. Međutim, ovi rani sistemi u Drugom svjetskom ratu su izgrađene u malom broju.^[3] ^[4] ^[5]

Tehnologija

Vođene rakete imaju niz različitih komponenti koje sačinjavaju sistem:

Sistem navođenja
Sistem ciljanja
Sistem letenja
Motor

Reference

^ ^a ^b "missile, n. and adj.". OED Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021. Pristupljeno 17 March 2021. 2.a. An object propelled (either by hand or mechanically) as a weapon at a target. [Usage citation: Maurice Leitch (1981). Silver's city. London: Secker & Warburg. ISBN 0436244136 - 'Then something struck him, a stone; it fell at his feet, and in a moment, the air was filled with missiles, curving high to land about him on the roadway.'].
b. Military. A long-distance weapon that is self-propelled, and directed either by remote control or automatically, during part or all of its course. (Originally always with modifying word).
^ https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/world-war-two-in-western-europe/the-v-revenge-weapons/the-v-weapons/ History Learning Official Site V1 and V2 Weapons
^ "The V Weapons". History Learning Site.
^ Archives, The National. "The National Archives - Homepage".
^ "Missile, Surface-to-Surface, V-2 (A-4)". National Air and Space Museum. April 1, 2016. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 1. 2017. Pristupljeno 14. 1. 2022.

[OED_missile-1] "missile, n. and adj.". OED Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021. Pristupljeno 17 March 2021. 2.a. An object propelled (either by hand or mechanically) as a weapon at a target. [Usage citation: Maurice Leitch (1981). Silver's city. London: Secker & Warburg. ISBN 0436244136 - 'Then something struck him, a stone; it fell at his feet, and in a moment, the air was filled with missiles, curving high to land about him on the roadway.'].
b. Military. A long-distance weapon that is self-propelled, and directed either by remote control or automatically, during part or all of its course. (Originally always with modifying word).

[2] ttps://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/world-war-two-in-western-europe/the-v-revenge-weapons/the-v-weapons/ History Learning Official Site V1 and V2 Weapons

[3] "The V Weapons". History Learning Site.

[4] Archives, The National. "The National Archives - Homepage".

[5] "Missile, Surface-to-Surface, V-2 (A-4)". National Air and Space Museum. April 1, 2016. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 1. 2017. Pristupljeno 14. 1. 2022.

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