↑Gill, T. N., 1863. Descriptive enumeration of a collection of fishes from the western coast of Central America, presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Captain John M. Dow. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15: 162-174.
↑Lacépède, B. G. E., 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.
↑Jordan, D. S. & C. H. Gilbert. 1882. Descriptions of nineteen new species of fishes from the Bay of Panama. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 1 (1881): 306-335.
↑Jordan, D. S. & C. H. Gilbert. 1882. Descriptions of thirty-three new species of fishes from Mazatlan, Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (núm. 237): 338-365.
↑Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1830. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome cinquième. Livre cinquième. Des Sciénoïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 5: i-xxviii + 1-499 + 4 pp., Pls. 100-140.
↑Jordan, D. S., 1890. Catalogue of fishes collected at Port Castries, St. Lucia, by the steamer Albatross, November, 1888. A: Scientific Results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 12 (núm. 789): 645-652.