Es distingeix dels seus congèneres europeus per tindre 1-2 dents canines engrandides a la part anterior de cada mandíbula, la segona aleta dorsal té 18-22 radis ramificats i mig i 80-97 escates a la línia lateral.[7][8]
Assoleix la maduresa sexual en arribar als 3-10 anys de vida (normalment, als 4) i emprèn migracions curtes per a reproduir-se (se n'han registrat migracions de fins a 250 km de distància). La reproducció té lloc entre l'abril i el maig (excepcionalment des de finals del febrer fins al juliol) depenent de la latitud i de l'altitud i quan la temperatura arriba a 10-14 °C a les zones de fresa. L'aparellament es produeix en parelles durant la matinada o la nit.[9] Una vegada que tots els ous han estat dipositats, la femella deixa el niu i el mascle el defensa alhora que oxigena els ous amb les seues aletes pectorals.[10][8][11][12]
És popular entre els afeccionats a la pesca esportiva,[60][22] la seua carn és suculenta[61] i és utilitzat fresc o congelat per a ésser menjat cuit al vapor, rostit a la graella o fet al forn microones.[62][8]
↑Muus, B.J. i P. Dahlström, 1968. Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Múnic. 224 p.
↑Keith, P. i J. Allardi (coords.), 2001. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, París. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387.
↑Kosior, M. i B. Draganik, 2002. Assessment of the number of eggs produced by the pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) in the Polish part of the Vistula lagoon in 1989-2001. Piscaria 1(2):51-60.
↑Myers, R.A., J. Bridson i N.J. Barrowman, 1995. Summary of worldwide spawner and recruitment data. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2024. 274 p.
↑Biró, P., 1973. The food of pike perch (Lucioperca lucioperca L.) in Lake Balaton. Annal. Biol. Tihany 40:150-183.
↑De Nie, H.W., 1987. Food, feeding periodicity and consumption of the eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) in the shallow eutrophic Tjeukemeer (The Netherlands). Arch. Hydrobiol. 109(3):421-443.
↑Buijse, A.D., W.L.T. van Densen i L.A. Schaap, 1992. Year-class strength of eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca in relation to stock size, water temperature and wind in Lake Ijssel, the Netherlands, 1966-1989. A: A. D. Buijse (ed.) Dynamics and exploitation of unstable percid populations. Wageningen: Landbouwununiversiteit.
↑Guseva, L.N., 1990. Food and feeding ratios of the Amur Snakehead, Channo argus warpachowskii in water bodies in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya. J. Ichthyol. 30(4):11-21.
↑Stolyarov, I.A., 1985. Dietary features of catfish, Silurus glanis, and pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca, in Kyzlyarsk Bay, northern Caspian Sea. J. Ichthyol. 25(2):140-145.
↑Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
↑Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1991. Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Alemanya. 1104 p.
↑Billard, R., 1997. Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausana, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192 p.
↑ 22,022,1Gerstmeier, R. i T. Romig, 1998. Die Süßwasserfische Europas: für Naturfreunde und Angler. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart. 368 p.
↑Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin i H. Jespersen, 2000. Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea. ICES CM 2000/Mini:11, 15 p.
↑Khlopnikov, M.M., 1992. Feeding of predatory fishes in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea. J. Ichthyol. 32(7):152-159.
↑Economidis, P.S., E. Dimitriou, R. Pagoni, E. Michaloudi i L. Natsis, 2000. Introduced and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Greece. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 7:239-250.
↑Economidis, P.S., 1991. Check list of freshwater fishes of Greece (recent status of threats and protection). Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature, Special publication, 48 p.
↑Borbori, D.C., P.S. Economidis i E.G. Maurakis, 2001. Freshwater fish habitat science and management in Greece. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 4: 381-391.
↑Lehtonen, H., 1987. Selection of minimum size limit for pike-perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in the coastal waters of Finland. P. 351-355. A: S.O. Kullander i B. Fernholm (editors). Proceedings, V Congress of European Ichthyologists, Estocolm, 1985. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Sweden Museum of natural History, Estocolm.
↑Coad, B.W., 1981. Fishes of Afghanistan, an annotated check-list. Publ. Zool. Natl. Mus. Can. 14:23p.
↑Iranian Fisheries Company i Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, 2000. Fishes of the Caspian Sea (Iranian waters). Poster. Teheran, l'Iran.
↑Mitrofanov, V.P. i T. Petr, 1999. Fish and fisheries in the Altai, Northern Tien Shan and Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan). P. 149-167. A: T. Petr (ed.). Fish and fisheries at higher altitudes: Asia. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. Núm. 385. FAO, Roma. 304 p.
↑Kamilov, G. I Z.U. Urchinov, 1995. Fish and fisheries in Uzbekistan under the impact of irrigated agriculture. p. 10-41. A: T. Petr (ed.). Inland fisheries under the impact of irrigated agriculture: Central Asia. FAO Fisheries Circular Núm. 894.
↑Holcík, J., 1991. Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23.
↑Azevedo, J.M.N., M.M.C.S. Leitão, I. Borges, R. Moreira i R. Patrício, 2004. Ensaio de Quantificação de Fauna Piscícola de Lagoas em São Miguel (Açores). Centro de Investigação dos Recursos Naturais e Departmento de Biologia, Universidade de Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada.
↑Verreycken,H., D. Anseeuw, G. Van Thuyne, P. Quataert i C. Belpaire, 2007. The non-indigenous freshwater fishes of Flanders (Belgium): review, status and trends over the last decade. J. Fish Biol. 71 (Supplement D), 160-172.
↑Walker, K.F. i H.Z. Yang, 1999. Fish and fisheries in western China. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 385:237-278.
↑Ma, X., X. Bangxi, W. Yindong i W. Mingxue, 2003. Intentionally introduced and transferred fishes in China's inland waters. Asian Fish. Sci. 16(3&4):279-290.
↑Institut d'Hidrobiologia de l'Acadèmia Sínica, Museu Natural de Shanghai i Ministeri d'Agricultura de la Xina de 1993. El peixos d'aigua dolça de la Xina en il·lustracions a color. Vol. 3. 166 p.
↑Rochard, E. i P. Elie, 1994. La macrofaune aquatique de l'estuaire de la Gironde. Contribution au livre blanc de l'Agence de l'Eau Adour Garonne. p. 1-56. A: J.-L. Mauvais i J.-F. Guillaud (editors). État des connaissances sur l'estuaire de la Gironde. Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne, Éditions Bergeret, Bordeus. 115 p.
↑Keith, P. i J. Allardi, 1998. The introduced freshwater fish of France: status, impacts and management. P. 153-166. A: I.G. Cowx (ed.). Stocking and introduction of fish. Fishing News Books. MPG Books Ltd., Bodmin, Cornualla.
↑Daszkiewicz, P., 1999. A hitherto unknown document on the first proposal to introduce pikeperch Stizostedion luciioperca (Percidae) in France. Cybium 23(3):315-317.
↑Konurbaev, A.O. i Timirkhanov S.R., 2003. Looking at fishes in Kyrgyzia. Central Asia. Daru Ltd. 120 p.
↑Azeroual, A., A.J. Crivelli, A. Yahyaoui i M. Dakki, 2000. L'ichtyofaune des eaux continentales du Maroc. Cybium 24(Suppl. 3):17-22.
↑Nijssen, H. i S.J. de Groot, 1974. Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207.
↑Elvira, B., 1998. Impact of introduced fish on the native freshwater fish fauna of Spain. p. 186-190. A: I.G. Cowx (ed.) Stocking and introduction of fish. Fishing News Books, la Gran Bretanya.
↑Elvira, B., 1995. Native and exotic freshwater fishes in Spanish river basins. Freshwat. Biol. 33:103-108.
↑Andreu-Soler, A., F.J. Oliva-Paterna i M. Torralva, 2006. A review of length-weight relationships of fish from the Segura River basin (SE Iberian Peninsula). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:295-296.
↑Zaugg, B., Stucki, P., Pedroli, J.-C., Kirchhofer, A., 2003. Pisces, Atlas. Fauna Helvetica 7. Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune, 233 p.
↑Wittenberg, R. (ed.), 2005. An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland. CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre report to the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape. The environment in practice núm. 0629. Federal Office for the Environment, Berna. 155 pp.
↑Innal, D. i F. Erk'akan, 2006. Effects of exotic and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Turkey. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 16:39-50.
↑Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett i D.T.G. Quigley, 2004. Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 65 (Supplement B): 1-40.
↑Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(1):1-37.
↑Pinder, A.C., 2001. Keys to larval and juvenile stages of coarse fishes from fresh waters in the British Isles. Freshwater Biological Association. The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cúmbria. Scientific Publication Núm. 60. 136 p.
↑Maitland, P.S. i R.N. Campbell, 1992. Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, Londres.368 p.
↑Lever, C., 1977. The naturalized animals of the British Isles. Londres, Hutchinson. 600 p.
↑Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
↑Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
Baillie, J. i B. Groombridge (editors), 1996. 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa. 378 p.
Bekbergenov, Z. i N.I. Sagitov, 1984. Feeding habits of juveniles of some commercial fishes in the Amu Dar'ya River. J. Ichthyol. 124(3):18-22.
Bozhko, S.I., B. Meszaros i E. Tóth, 1978. The karyological studies on some species of Percidae. Acta Biol. Yugosl. (Ichthyol.) 10:17-28.
Byczkowska-Smyk, W., 1958. The respiratory surface of the gills in teleosts. 2. The respiratory surface of the gills in the eel (Anguilla anguilla), the loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.), and the perch-pike (Lucioperca lucioperca L.). Acta Biol. Cracov. 1:83-97.
Collette, B.B., M.A. Ali, K.E.F. Hokanson, M. Nagiec, S.A. Smirnov, J.E. Thorpe, A.H. Weatherly i J. Willemsen, 1977. Biology of the percids. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34(10):1891-1899.
Dabrowski, K., 1975. Point of no return in the early life of fishes. An energetic attempt to define the food minimum. Wiad. Ekol. 21:277-293.
Danzmann, R.G., 1979. The karyology of eight species of fish belonging to the family Percidae. Can. J. Zool. 57:2055-2060.
Dolinin, V.A., 1973. The rate of basal metabolism in fish. J. Ichthyol. 13:430-438.
Dolinin, V.A., 1975. Main parameters of the respiratory function in fishes during alteration in respiratory activity. J. Ichthyol. 15:124-132.
Garibaldi, L., 1996. List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p.
Goldammer, T. i M. Klinkhardt, 1992. Karyologische Studien an verschiedenen Süßwasserfischarten aus brackigen Küstengewässern der südwestlichen Ostsee. V. Der Zander (Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)). Zool. Anz. 228:129-139.
Houde, E.D. i C.E. Zastrow, 1993. Ecosystem- and taxon-specific dynamic and energetics properties of fish larvae assemblages. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53(2):290-335.
Hughes, G.M. i M. Morgan, 1973. The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function. Biol. Rev. 48:419-475, and Supplementary Publication SUP 90005, British Library, Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ.
Kangur, A. i P. Kangur, 1998. Diet composition and size-related changes in the feeding of pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (Percidae) and pike, Esox lucius (Esocidae) in the Lake Peipsi (Estonia). Ital. J. Zool. 65:255-259.
Kudrinskaya, O.I., 1969. Metabolic rate in the larvae of pike-perch, perch, carp-bream and roach. Hydrob'iologia 5:68-72.
Kudrinskaya, O.M., 1970. Food and temperature as factors affecting the growth, development and survival of pike-perch and perch larvae. J. Ichthyol. 10:779-788.
Linfield, R.S.J. i R.B. Rickards, 1979. The zander in perspective. Fish Manage. 10(1):1-16.
Mayr, B., M. Kalat, P. Ráb i M. Lambrou, 1987. Band karyotypes and specific types of heterochromatin in several species of European percid fishes (Percidae, Pisces). Genetica 75:199-205.
Moyle, P.; Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (en anglès). 4a edició. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 9780130112828.
Pauly, D., 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200.
Rab, P., P. Roth i B. Mayr, 1987. Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes (Pisces, Percidae). Caryologia 40(4):307-318.
Sanches, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 14. 322 p.