ھایدرۆکسی پرۆجێسترۆن ئاستەیت

ھایدرۆکسی پرۆجێسترۆن ئاستەیت (OHPA)، لەژێر ناوی بازرگانی (پرۆدۆکس Prodox) دەفرۆشرێت، دەرمانێکی پرۆجستینی کاریگەرە لە ڕێگەی دەمەوە، پەیوەندیدارە بە ھایدرۆکسی پرۆجێسترۆن کاپرۆیت کە لە پزیشکی بۆ پزیشکی ئاژەڵان بەکارھاتووە^[١]^[٢]^[٣]^[٤]^[٥]^[٦]^[٧]^[٨] بەگوێرەی ڕێپۆرت ھەروەھا لە کۆنترۆلی دووگیانیش بەکارھاتووە^[٩]

سەرچاوەکان

^ J. Elks (١٤ی تشرینی دووەمی ٢٠١٤). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. لاپەڕە ٦٦٤–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-١-٤٧٥٧-٢٠٨٥-٣.
^ Die Gestagene. Springer-Verlag. ٢٧ی تشرینی دووەمی ٢٠١٣. لاپەڕە ٦, ٢٧٨. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٣-٦٤٢-٩٩٩٤١-٣.
^ DAVIS ME، WIED GL (١٩٥٧). «17-alpha-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE acetate; an effective progestational substance on oral administration». The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. ١٧ (10): ١٢٣٧–٤٤. doi:١٠.١٢١٠/jcem-١٧-١٠-١٢٣٧. PMID ١٣٤٧٥٤٦٤. It is the purpose of this paper to introduce and describe a new steroid for oral administration, 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone acetate*, and to compare it with the most widely used oral substance with progestational properties, 20,21-anhydro-17-/3-hydroxyprogesterone. * Prodox, Upjohn Co. , Kalamazoo, Michigan [...] It was found that 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone acetate has a progestational activity which is at least twice that of anhydrohydroxyprogesterone.
^ Roger Lobo؛ P.G. Crosignani؛ Rodolfo Paoletti (٣١ی تشرینی یەکەمی ٢٠٠٢). Women's Health and Menopause: New Strategies - Improved Quality of Life. Springer Science & Business Media. لاپەڕە ٩١–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-١-٤٠٢٠-٧١٤٩-٢.
^ James K. Stoller؛ Franklin A. Michota؛ Brian F. Mandell (٢٠٠٩). The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Intensive Review of Internal Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. لاپەڕە ١٣–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٠-٧٨١٧-٩٠٧٩-٦.
^ Enrique Ravina (١١ی کانوونی دووەمی ٢٠١١). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. لاپەڕە ١٩٤–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٣-٥٢٧-٣٢٦٦٩-٣.
^ Walter Sneader (٢٣ی حوزەیرانی ٢٠٠٥). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. لاپەڕە ٢٠٤–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٠-٤٧١-٨٩٩٧٩-٢. In 1954, Karl Junkmann of Schering AG reported that the acetylation of the 17-hydroxyl group of ethisterone provided a derivative suitable for formulating in oil for injection intramuscularly as a depot medication.79 There resulted widespread interest in preparing the acetates (and other esters) of various hydroxy-steroids. One such ester, Upjohn's 17-acetoxyprogesterone, provided to be a promising progestogen even though its hydroxy precursor was inactive. Unfortunately, it turned out that no significant prolongation of action was obtained by formulating it in oil. The Upjohn researchers, however, made the unexpected discovery that their acetoxy derivative was orally active, an observation that had been missed by the Schering group, who were primarily interested in the oil solubility of such esters.
^ Upjohn Company (١٩٧٨). Proceedings of the Symposium on Cheque® for Canine Estrus Prevention, Brook Lodge, Augusta, Michigan, March 13-15, 1978. Upjohn Company. لاپەڕە ١٦. [...] The first product was 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone4 (Figure 1) marketed under the trade name of Prodox. ® Prodox was introduced in 1960, was designed for oral use and was not a marketing success. The reasons are not clear as to lack of clear success, but one predominant reason was the high cost. For the average size dog, the cost of preventing estrus for a year was approximately $90. In addition, the inconvenience of daily oral administration may have prevented some market acceptance, especially at that cost. In 1963, Upjohn introduced injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate6 (Figure 1) under the trade name of Promone. Injections were to be made every six months, and this procedure was well accepted by both veterinarians and pet owners. However, Promone sales were discontinued in April, 1966 in the United States for basically two reasons. First was a prolonged and unpredictable return to estrus. This appeared to be due to very slow and variable absorption from the injection site. As a result of this variable absorption rate, one would expect a variable return to estrus. Even after [...]
^ Harry W. Rudel؛ Fred A. Kinel (September 1972). «Oral Contraceptives. Human Fertility Studies and Side Effects». لە M. Tausk (ed.). Pharmacology of the Endocrine System and Related Drugs: Progesterone, Progestational Drugs and Antifertility Agents. Vol. II. Pergamon Press. لاپەڕە ٣٨٥–٤٦٩. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٠-٠٨-٠١٦٨١٢-٨. OCLC ٢٧٨٠١١١٣٥.

دەروازەی زانست

[Elks2014-1] J. Elks (١٤ی تشرینی دووەمی ٢٠١٤). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. لاپەڕە ٦٦٤–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-١-٤٧٥٧-٢٠٨٥-٣.

[Springer2013-2] Die Gestagene. Springer-Verlag. ٢٧ی تشرینی دووەمی ٢٠١٣. لاپەڕە ٦, ٢٧٨. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٣-٦٤٢-٩٩٩٤١-٣.

[pmid_13475464-3] DAVIS ME، WIED GL (١٩٥٧). «17-alpha-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE acetate; an effective progestational substance on oral administration». The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. ١٧ (10): ١٢٣٧–٤٤. doi:١٠.١٢١٠/jcem-١٧-١٠-١٢٣٧. PMID ١٣٤٧٥٤٦٤. It is the purpose of this paper to introduce and describe a new steroid for oral administration, 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone acetate*, and to compare it with the most widely used oral substance with progestational properties, 20,21-anhydro-17-/3-hydroxyprogesterone. * Prodox, Upjohn Co. , Kalamazoo, Michigan [...] It was found that 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone acetate has a progestational activity which is at least twice that of anhydrohydroxyprogesterone.

[LoboCrosignani2002-4] Roger Lobo؛ P.G. Crosignani؛ Rodolfo Paoletti (٣١ی تشرینی یەکەمی ٢٠٠٢). Women's Health and Menopause: New Strategies - Improved Quality of Life. Springer Science & Business Media. لاپەڕە ٩١–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-١-٤٠٢٠-٧١٤٩-٢.

[StollerMichota2009-5] James K. Stoller؛ Franklin A. Michota؛ Brian F. Mandell (٢٠٠٩). The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Intensive Review of Internal Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. لاپەڕە ١٣–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٠-٧٨١٧-٩٠٧٩-٦.

[Ravina2011-6] Enrique Ravina (١١ی کانوونی دووەمی ٢٠١١). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. لاپەڕە ١٩٤–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٣-٥٢٧-٣٢٦٦٩-٣.

[Sneader2005-7] Walter Sneader (٢٣ی حوزەیرانی ٢٠٠٥). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. لاپەڕە ٢٠٤–. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٠-٤٧١-٨٩٩٧٩-٢. In 1954, Karl Junkmann of Schering AG reported that the acetylation of the 17-hydroxyl group of ethisterone provided a derivative suitable for formulating in oil for injection intramuscularly as a depot medication.79 There resulted widespread interest in preparing the acetates (and other esters) of various hydroxy-steroids. One such ester, Upjohn's 17-acetoxyprogesterone, provided to be a promising progestogen even though its hydroxy precursor was inactive. Unfortunately, it turned out that no significant prolongation of action was obtained by formulating it in oil. The Upjohn researchers, however, made the unexpected discovery that their acetoxy derivative was orally active, an observation that had been missed by the Schering group, who were primarily interested in the oil solubility of such esters.

[Upjohn1978-8] Upjohn Company (١٩٧٨). Proceedings of the Symposium on Cheque® for Canine Estrus Prevention, Brook Lodge, Augusta, Michigan, March 13-15, 1978. Upjohn Company. لاپەڕە ١٦. [...] The first product was 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone4 (Figure 1) marketed under the trade name of Prodox. ® Prodox was introduced in 1960, was designed for oral use and was not a marketing success. The reasons are not clear as to lack of clear success, but one predominant reason was the high cost. For the average size dog, the cost of preventing estrus for a year was approximately $90. In addition, the inconvenience of daily oral administration may have prevented some market acceptance, especially at that cost. In 1963, Upjohn introduced injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate6 (Figure 1) under the trade name of Promone. Injections were to be made every six months, and this procedure was well accepted by both veterinarians and pet owners. However, Promone sales were discontinued in April, 1966 in the United States for basically two reasons. First was a prolonged and unpredictable return to estrus. This appeared to be due to very slow and variable absorption from the injection site. As a result of this variable absorption rate, one would expect a variable return to estrus. Even after [...]

[RudelKinel1972-9] Harry W. Rudel؛ Fred A. Kinel (September 1972). «Oral Contraceptives. Human Fertility Studies and Side Effects». لە M. Tausk (ed.). Pharmacology of the Endocrine System and Related Drugs: Progesterone, Progestational Drugs and Antifertility Agents. Vol. II. Pergamon Press. لاپەڕە ٣٨٥–٤٦٩. ژپنک ٩٧٨-٠-٠٨-٠١٦٨١٢-٨. OCLC ٢٧٨٠١١١٣٥.

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