Chhau dance

waa balibu
Yaɣ sheli	Indian folk dance, war dance
Tiŋa	India
Indigenous to	Purulia district, Mayurbhanj district, Seraikela Kharsawan district
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, National List for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00337, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00337, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00337

Chhau dance, bɛ lahi sabirili mi Chhou dance, nyɛla Indian waa balishɛli.^[1] Di mali la sitaaya dibaa ata ka bɛ mali bɛ ni niŋdi li luɣ'shɛli yuli n booni li, i.e. "Purulia Chhau of West Bengal", "Seraikella Chhau of Jharkhand" nti pahi "Mayurbhanj Chhau of Odisha".

Waa maa chanimi ni "martial arts, acrobatics and athletics" ka tooi nyɛ bɛ ni wari shɛli chuɣu ni, ka di mali di ni wari doli shɛm mini adiini yɛltɔɣa Shaivism, Shaktism mini Vaishnavism. Sitaaya kam malila di situra, ni Purulia mini Serakeilla ninpɔbiri zaŋ ku bukaata tiri waliginsim .^[2] Lahabali shɛŋa Chhau wa'wariba ni kpuɣiri shɛŋa n-nyɛ din yina "Hindu epics the Ramayana" mini Mahabharata, the Puranas ni India kundunima din pahi ni^[2]^[3]

Dobba n tooi wari li kali ni, ka bɛ tooi niŋdi li yuuni yuuni, ka tooi warili ni Hindu wahi mini nadaa nima kaya wa'shɛŋa.^[3] Wamaa nyɛla din laɣisiri niriba balibu ban yina yaɣa pam.^[2]^[3]

A video of Chau dance in Purulia, West Bengal

Bachi maa ni yina shɛli

Chhau nyɛla waa sitaaya din pili East India yaɣili polo.^[4] Din tooi nyɛ di yimi na Sanskrit Chāya (shinshiyali, anfooni bee ninpɔbirigu puuni).^[3]^[5] Shɛba mali balibu malibu li mi n dalindi Sanskrit pilli Chadma, ka shɛba mi kamani Sitakant Mahapatra buɣisi ni di yimi na Chhaun puuni Odia balli ni.^[6]^[7]

Chhau nahingbana

Chhau waa tooi wari la Jharkhand, West Bengal mini Odisha tiŋgbani yaɣa churi puhibu saha, di bahi bahindi "spring festival of Chaitra Parva" lala chuɣu ŋɔ ni ka sokam laɣinda.^[5] Purulia Chhau wari la Sun festival ni.^[8]

Ninpɔbirisi pahi la Chhau waa wabu ni Purulia mini Seraikella Sitaaya ni^[2] Waa baŋsim, binkumda ni ninpɔborisi malibu wuhiri la noli ni.^[9] Chhau waa din be northern Odisha bɛ mali ninpɔbirisi tumdi tuma wa wabu ni, amaa bɛ leei mali li mi n kuri bukaata di yi niŋ ka yiliyiini maa na tuui du steeji zuɣu ni o ti zaŋ o maŋa n wuhi salo.^[10]

Chhau balibu dibaa ayi din mali nangbanpɔbirisi, chanimi ni khel, noonsi mini binkɔb' shɛba chandi nahingbana (bɛ ni booni shɛli chalis mini topkas) ni chandi din taba paɣaba tuma ni chandi (bɛ ni booni shɛli uflis).^[8] Lala Chhau waa balli ŋɔ, yɛli ni Mohan Khokar, nyɛla din ka gbunni, di nyɛla tiŋa laɣim di ka nyu ni nachiinsi dibu.^[5]

Dobba n wari lala waa ŋɔ, bɛ warili la yuŋ polo ni, ka bɛ booni li akhada bee asar. Binkumda maa lurimi doli taba ni kali binkumda, ka bɛ ŋmɛri li mohuri mini shehnai papu nima ni.^[2] Dala din ŋmɛri doli li shɛŋa n-nyɛ dhol (dal'choo), dhumsa (jiŋlaa dala din bara) n-ti tabiki kharka bee chad-chadi. Waa maa yɛltɔɣa kpana ni jɛndi shɛba n-nyɛ ban zali taarihi biɛhigu ni, salima ni lahabali ŋmahi din yinaRamayana mini Mahabharata ni din pahi pahi.^[2]

Ban daa pili Chhau waa (di bahi bahindi "Purulia style") daa pala Paika mini Natua ko, amaa Nachni gba malila nuu timbu ni Chhau ni paai shɛli saha ŋɔ ni. Chhau waa paŋ la paɣaba chandi Nachni waa din di che bela ni di yi di ko ka che (Bhattacharya, 1983, Chakravarti, 2001, Kishore, 1985) puuni. Paɣaba wahi binyɛra din be Chhau ni ʒi la Lasya Bhava yaɣ'shɛŋa din yina Natya Shastra din zaŋ dimaŋa ni viɛlim na waa ŋɔ ni, ka dobba chandi maa mi nyɛ Shiva's tandava waa wabu sitaaya (Bose 1991).^[11] Gbunni balibu pam bɛni n-tiri tandava mini lasya. M-pun' yɛli tandava mini lasya gbunni din saɣiti zuɣusaa ŋɔ. Bose daa yɛli nangbankpeeni din be lasya mini tandava puuni o Sanskrit sabbu ni. Lihimi Bose, Mandakranta.^[12]

Three styles of Chhau

Seraikella Chhau yimi na Seraikela ni, di ni daa be Kalinga's Gajapati Rule sulinsi ni, zuŋɔ din pa nyɛ "administrative headquarters" n-ti Seraikela Kharsawan district din be Jharkhand, Purulia Chhau din be Purulia district, West Bengal nti pahi Mayurbhanj Chhau^[13] din be Mayurbhanj district, Odisha. Waliginsim din be di dibaa ata ŋɔ ni nyɛla nangbanpɔbirisi zaŋ tum tuma. Di ni niŋ ka Seraikela mini Purulia mali nangbanpɔbirisi n tumdi tuma Chhau waa ni la, Mayurbhanj Chhau bɛ mali li n tumdi tuma.^[8]^[14]

Seraikella Chhau's ni wari shɛm nyɛla ninkura ban daa gari ni pili shɛli, ka saha ŋɔ niriba balibu pa wari li luɣili kam.^[8] Seraikella Chhau warimi ni nangbanpɔbirisi din mali dalima ka kpɛrigu maa wuhiri ŋun be din ni ni tu ni o niŋdi shɛli.^[8]^[15] Purulia Chhau wuhirila tuunshɛli ŋun be din ni ni tumda; kamani shɛhirili, gbuɣinli tuma malila gbuɣinli ninpɔbirigu ni neen yɛra maa gba, ka ŋun za lala zaasheei ŋɔ chani o naba anahi.^[8] Kalo maaniba ban maani Hindu buɣa m-maani lala ninpɔbirisi ŋɔ ka di yibu na yɛlimaŋli sheei nyɛ Purulia district din be West Bengal.^[16] Mayurbhanj Chhau bi wari ni ninpɔbirisi ka di biɛhigu ŋmani Seraikella Chhau.^[8]^[15]

Recognition

Yuuni 2010, Chhau waa nyɛla bɛ ni daa sabi shɛli m-pahi NESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ni.^[17]

Odisha Gɔmnanti daa kpa la "Government Chhau Dance Centre" yuuni 1960 Seraikella mini Mayurbhanj Chhau Nritya Pratisthan niŋbu ni Baripada yuuni 1962. Ka Lela tuma duu ŋɔ pili yiliyiiniba ni kpamba wumsibu n-ti pahi Chhau tuma duri mini ban tabiri sɔŋdi li. Chaitra Parva chuɣu, din kpa talahi n-ti Chhau waa, lahi nyɛla Gɔmnanti ni tabiri sɔŋdi shɛli. Sangeet Natak Akademi kpa la National Centre n zaŋ ti Chhau waa din be Baripada, Odisha.^[18]^[19]

In popular culture

Hindi film Barfi! puuni yaɣa pam buni ka bɛ wari Purulia Chhau.^[20]

Chhau mask

A Chhau dancer in Bagmundi

chhau mask

mask and musical instrument of chhau dance

Durga with Lion, Purulia style Chhau

Chhau masks and dancer of West Bengal

Purulia Chhau waa pahi la "UNESCO's world heritage list of dances" ni.^[21] Waliginsim din be Purulia Chhau mini Mayurbhanj Chhau wahi ni nyɛla ninpɔbirisi maa zaŋ tum tuma. Purulia Chhau waa ni ninpɔbirisi bɛni mi, amaa Mayurbhanj Chhau waa ni mi ninpɔbirisi kani, ka di che ka nini ni mini ningbuna maa zaa pahiri waa maa ni.^[22] Kali ni, chhau waa wari la Anashaara goli March sunsuuni pukparilim siɣili saha yi gari ka zaɣ'palli kana.^[23] Purulia Chhau wa'wariba niŋdi la ninpɔbirisi din wuhiri bɛ ni niŋdi shɛli. Bɛ yi zaŋ yaɣiri m-mali ninpɔbirisi maa nahingbana naai, bɛ peentiri li mi ka dihili nachiinsi ni Shola mini binyɛr'shɛŋa.

Chhau mask din nyɛ Purulia dini nyɛla bɛ ni rijisitiri shɛli Geographical Indications.^[24] Di ni niŋ ka Purulia Chhau ninpɔbirigu maa yi di ko ka nyɛ kali maa.

Lala chhau nyɛla Sutradhar community baŋdiba ni maani shɛli. Ninpɔbirisi maa malibu chanimi ni yaɣa pam. Takari gbaŋ bala pɔribu dibaa anii zaŋ chaŋ pia, ka b zaŋ li n lɔhi "diluted glue" ni, ka zaŋli m-pa taba zuɣu yim yim pɔi ka naan yi pali yaɣiri ni tanpiligim zim. Yaɣiri ka bɛ mali m-maani nini nahingbana maa. Bɛ mali yaɣiri mini nɛma din gahim m-pahira ka bɛ naan yi dɛli ninpɔbirigu maa wuntaŋa ka di kuui. Din bɔŋɔ nyaaŋa, ka bɛ naan yi labi mali li n niŋ buyi ni ka lahi labi dɛli li wuntaŋa ka naan yi waligi nɛma mini takarigbana maa . Bɛ yi naai ka gbi nina mini nye voya, bɛ peentiri la ninpɔbirisi maa ka dihili nachiinsi.^[25]^[26]