Taekkyeon

Taekkyeon
combat sport
Yaɣ shelimartial art Mali niŋ
Zuliya wuhibu택견, 태껸 Mali niŋ
McCune-Reischauer labi sabi Roman niT'aekkyŏn Mali niŋ
Sabbu din labi sabi Roman sabbu niTaekgyeon Mali niŋ
TiŋaSouth Korea Mali niŋ
Tingbani shɛli din yinaKorea, South Korea Mali niŋ
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, National Intangible Cultural Heritage in South Korea, National Intangible Cultural Heritage in South Korea Mali niŋ
Lahabaya dundɔŋ din mali dihitabilihttp://www.krtga.com/, http://www.taekyun.org/, http://taekkyonkorea.com/, http://www.taekkyeon.org/ Mali niŋ
Described at URLhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00452, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00452, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00452, https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=17&ccebAsno=00760000&sCcebCtcd=33&pageIndex=1&ccebKdcd=17&ccebCtcd=, https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?ccbaCpno=1273300760000 Mali niŋ
Not to be confused with Taekwondo.

Tɛmplet:Infobox martial art

Taekkyeon
Popular spelling
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationTaekgyeon
McCune–ReischauerT'aekkyŏn
IPAtʰɛk̚k̕jʌn
Dictionary spelling
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationTaekkyeon
McCune–ReischauerT'aekkyŏn

Taekkyon, Taekgyeon, Taekkyeon, or Taekyun (Korean: 태껸/ 택견/ 托肩, pronunciation: Korean pronunciation: [tʰɛk̚k͈jʌn]) di nyɛla taba ŋmɛbu din nyɛ dɛma.

Di nahingbana n-nyɛ napɔŋ bala chandi, napɔna yaabu balibu shɛli bɛ ni booni pum balki, be "stepping-on-triangles". Taekkyon chanimi n nuchahi ni baŋsim mini napɔna din yɛn tooi sɔŋsi n luhi nira. Taekkyon mali gbaya ni mini ningnuna zaa lɛbigibu balibu mini bɔɣiri tuma din zooi. Bɛ booni la ŋun niŋdi Taekkyon "Taekkyon-kkun".

Tum 20th century, Taekkyon leei la din neei Korea binyɛri shɛŋa din gari. Di zuɣu, di nyɛla din bɔ shɛhira nima n-ti ʒaamani Korea lala taba ŋmɛbu ŋɔ ka nyɛ Korea taba ŋmɛbu zaɣ'kurili din na min' bɛni.[1] Di daa kuli che bela ni di kpihim Japanese Occupation ʒaamani, pɔi ka di daa naan yi lahi labi neei Korean Tɔbu nyaaŋa. Di nyɛla din duhi Taekwondo yuli zuɣusaa.[2]

Taekkyon n daa nyɛ tuuli taba ŋmɛbu shɛli bɛ ni kali pahi UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Dini n lahi pahiri 76th Intangible Cultural Property of South Korea.[1][3][4]

Taekkyon Taarihi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Taekkyon taarihi di ka kahigibu. Bɛ buɣisirili mi ka di nyɛ taba ŋmɛbu, ka di nyɛ din daa naan tooi pili Subak piligu ha bee din daa nyɛ salima dɛma. D lahi balli din tuui sabi sɔŋ daa sabi la King Jeongjo (1776–1800) ʒaamani, Joseon Dynasty saha,buku din yuli booni Jaemulbo ni (bɛ ni daa lahi booni shɛli Manmulbo), din lahi mali '2nd century Book of Han" shɛhira taba ŋmɛbu dɛma din yuli bi boli. Lala sabbu ŋɔ ni, sasabira, Lee Sung-Ji lahi pahi "3rd century" shɛhira ka yɛli ni lala kompateesa maa ŋmanila Taekkyon din daa bɛni saha:[5]

"Byeon: Byeon nyɛla nuu mini nuu zaŋ ŋmɛ taba (Subak), taba ŋmɛbu dɛma kompatiisa ni, (Lee Sung-Ji pahigu pili la kpe) kamani zuŋɔ Taekkyon."

Bachi din nyɛ Taekkyon sabbu Hangul ni, din wuhiri di niŋgbuna niŋbu ni tarimba ka bachinima din pahi mi sabiri hanja ni.

Song Deok-gi who was the main preserver of Taekkyon during the 20th century, writes in the preface of his only book: "It cannot be said for sure when and how Taekkyon came into existence, but until the end of the Korean kingdom, certain people did Taekkyon together."[6]

The "Dae kwae do"(대쾌도, 大快圖), painted in 1846 by renowned Hyesan Yu Suk (유숙, 劉淑). It shows Ssireum above and Taekkyon below. Players wear a coat called "Dopo" and ties their clothes together in order to have more freedom of motion. Dopo were only worn by scholars (Seonbi, 선비). Located in Museum of University of Seoul

Taekkyon ni yɛn tuui sabi n niŋ kundu nima ni, Stewart Culin n daa sabili n-niŋ o buku din yulli booni Korean Games ni, o daa sabili la yuuni 1895.[7]Yuuni 1921 kundu, Haedong Jukji (East Sea Annals), Choe Yeong-nyeon ni sabi shɛli, Bɛ boli la Taekkyon din ni "flying leg technique".[8][9] Taekkyon daa nyɛla deen shɛli bɛ ni dɛmdi pam Joseon saha. Di balibu buyi n daa beni lala saha: Linjimanima n daa niŋdi yini, ka yini maa mi nyɛ dɛma, ka di mini Ssireum yuli daa du saha yini. Bɛ daa tooi dɛmdi la lala dɛma ŋɔ churi puhibu ni, ka sokam chani dini. Ŋmahinli, Dan-O-Festival puhibu ni, kompatiisa shɛli bɛ ni boli Gyeoll-yeon-taekkyon ka bɛ daa zali. Ninvuɣi so ŋun tooi bu niriba anu m-pa taba ka bi vuhi nyɛla ŋun ni tooi yi n-ti vuhi ka lahi labi na[10]

20th century piligu ha, Hanyang (Seoul) tiŋ'zuɣu ni ko ka bɛ daa niŋdi li, Jongro distriki. "Japanese daabilgu" din daa doli nyaaŋa daa kana ti mɔŋ tiŋbihi zabili, ka di daa che biɛla ni di kpihim lala dɛma ŋɔ.[11]

Korean War din daa doli na daa chala baŋdi yino ko: Song Deok-gi. O daa be la bahigu nima baŋdiba baŋsim ni daa lɛ shɛba baŋsim baŋdi ŋun yuli booni Im Ho saha,[12] o daa zaŋ la o tuma ŋɔ m-be ashili ni lala Japanese daabiligu ŋɔ saha pɔi ka daa naan yi ti lahi kpuri di labi niŋ. O ni daa niŋdi di balishɛli maa yuli n daa booni "Widae" ("high-village"), Sajik nyaaŋa. Song nyɛla ŋun niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ni Taekkyon naba nyɛ n zani, di ni niŋ ka ʒaamani baŋsim maa pam yina o sani la. Di daa yila polo salo ni 26 March 1958 lala taba ŋmɛbu ŋɔ ni daa buɣisi n-ti zuɣulana Syngman Rhee dɔɣim dabisili chuɣu puhibu ni,ka Song daa leei "the Last Taekkyon Master of the Joseon Dynasty" lala saha maa.

Deok-gi lɛ la niriba bela baŋsim ŋɔ ka bɛ mi gba zaŋ wuhi shɛba. Anashaara goli June 1, 1983, O shikuru bila ŋun yuli booni Shin Han-seung kpaŋmaŋa puuni, Taekkyon daa kpe "Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 76" pubu ni, Korea gɔmnanti n daa niŋ li. Niriba ayi puuni yino mo m su lala pubu ŋɔ. Song Deok-gi mini Shin Han-seung daa nyɛla ban doli nyaaŋa na ti deei "national treasure status" South Korea gɔmnanti n daa zali ba lala zaasheei ŋɔ.[13] Tuuli Taekkyon kmpateesa daa niŋ la Busan Anashaara goli June 30, 1985.[14] Din nyaaŋa, shikuru pala nyɛla din kpa, ka di zu`gu pirigi Taekkyon n-ti ban doli Song wuhibu (ʒaamani Widae Taekkyon Preservation Association), ni Shin haaya niŋdiba,ban zaɣa be dɛma ni yiɣijan ni ka wuligiri li n gindi dunia zaa.

Deok-Gi kpila Anashaara goli 23 July 1987, yuun pihiwɔi ni anahi ni. Anashaara goli November 2011, Taekkyon daa nyela UNESCO ni daa baŋ shɛli yɛla ka daa zaŋ li m-pahi Intangible Cultural Heritage List ni,[4] ka niŋ tuuli din pahi UNESCO zaba kpɛriti yuya ni, din pahi n-nyɛ Ssireum.[15]

Techniques

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Taekkyon chnimi ni tab'bu, nuhi ŋmɛbu, duna, kpunkpaŋguhi sabu, taba dihibu, taba kpuɣ'labi, kɔb'tuɣa kparibu, ni taba gbahibu.[16] Ningbuna yaɣa zaa bela Taekkyon dɛma ni ama di kuli yi polo n-nyɛ tabbu, ŋmɛbu,ni bɔɣiri gahibuka leei bi ti tiŋgbani ni zabili soli, di chanimi ni taba kpug'labi balibu,luhibu, ni gbahibu balibu.[17]

Taekkyon zaba zabiri ŋɔ baligiri la bɛ ningbuna. Ŋmɛbu nahingbana puuni yini n-nyɛ bɛ ni booni shɛli gumsil bee neung-cheong: di tooi zooi la gbani bu mini duna teebu, ka di biɛhigu ŋmani waa wabu.Lala napɔŋ nobɔ ŋɔ lahi nyɛla bɛ ni niŋdi shɛli Korea ninpɔbirisi waa ni Talchum, di zuɣu di lala dibaa ayi ŋɔ ŋmanila taba yaɣ'shɛli: di biɛhigu `nmanila waa wabu.

Pumbalki (Footwork)

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Nahingbaŋ di gahim Taekkyon ni nyɛla naba chandi din nyɛ gɔna dibaa ata ka bɛ boli li pumbalki bee pum balbki (품밟기) ka di biɛhigu ŋmani waa. PumbalkkI gbunni nyɛla "to step the Pum". Pum buɣisila hanja 品 gɔna dibaa ata, di ni niŋ ka pumbalki gba mali gɔna dibaa ata la. Lala hanja "Pum" `ŋɔ gbuuni nyɛla "level" bee "goods", amaa di ni be shɛm maa zuɣu ka bɛ booni li lala maa, amaa ka di gbunni maa.[18] Napɔŋ tuma nyɛla sooch ka doli taba ka tooi sɔŋdi ni lɛbigibu polo. Ni chɛla din kpaŋsiri sheeni yaa.

Position of the steps in Pumpalki.

Taekkyon's pumbalkimalila gɔna dibaa ata (△).Luɣi yina ka bɛ niŋdi li.

Hwalgaejit (arms swinging)

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Hwalgaejit ŋmanila noonsi kɔbiri n yiɣiri shɛm. Di gubu tooi zooi la ka a taɣi a maŋ ka che a mini ŋun zabiri gɔhibu bee o ŋmɛri. Hwalgejit chandi yihiri la kpɛŋ ningbuna ni n labisiri bɔɣiri ni ka di tahiri valimbu na.

Kick Techniques (Baljil)

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Taekkyon nyɛla din yuli du ni di naba zaŋ tum tuma polo ka nadaa nima ti li yɛltɔɣataɣamalisi yuya kama "one-hundred godlike flying leg skills" (baek gisintong bigaksul), "leg art" (gak sul), bee "flying leg skills" (bi gak sul).[19][20] Ʒaamani Taekkyon shikuruti wuhirila tabbu balibus, tiŋgbani ni, sunsuuni, ni zuɣusaa yiɣibu. Baŋsim shɛŋa bɛ ni mali n kpuɣiri gbaya maa n chani sunsuuni zooya, ka bɛ booni li gyeot chigi, ni nyaaŋa zaŋ labisi na puuni.

Hand Techniques (Sonjil)

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tum nadaa zaa di ni mali ŋmɛbu balibu la, Taekkyon lahi nyɛla din mali nuhi ŋmɛbu balibu. Bɛ kuli zahindi la ningbuna luɣili kam ka mali bɔɣu maa zaa tumdi tuma: nuchee, kpunkpaŋ guwa, nuu nyaansi, nubihi nyoya ni.

Nuhi daa na nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli n guri bɛ maŋsi pɔi ni "Widae style",Saha ŋɔ shikuruti dibaa ata din bɛni maa wuhiri li mi ka di nyɛ "Yetbeop Taekkyon".

Throwing and tripping (Taejil)

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Taekkyon lahi nyɛla ka a kpuɣi a mini ŋun zabiri n luhi tooni bee nyaaŋ. Di yi niŋ ka yino bɛ zani viɛnyɛla ŋun bala maa ni tooi doli o ni labbu . Din kpa talahi nyɛla ka a zaŋ a mini ŋun zabiri maa maŋmaŋa yaa n tuhi o.

Joint Locks (Ttanjuk)

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Lala dini ŋɔ nyɛla a ni yɛn niŋ shɛm kpari a mini ŋun zabiri lɛbigibu. Ka a kpari o kɔbi tuɣa ka doli o ni nuu bee gbali.

As a competitive martial art

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Nal-Chi-Gi
Taekkyon combat held for Hi! Seoul Festival on April 28, 2007

Taekkyon dɛma pa nyɛla din niŋ ʒemana dɛma mini kompateesa din niŋdi shikuruti dibaa ata ni Korea. Taekkyon niŋbu yi ti nyɛ kompateesa, di mali a di niŋbu tariga, ka di yaa jɛndi gbaabu mini tab'bu ko. Maaku nima tibu doli la ayi luhi amini ŋun kpa maa, n daagi o yihi baŋ maa ni, bee a yi tabigi o zuɣu ni. Zuɣuri gbibu mini nuhi ŋmɛbu ka din ni, ka daa tibu gba bɛ saɣiti. Zuɣuni tabigibu maa tooi niŋdi lala yomyom amaa di bi tabigiri yaa zaa ,ka zab'zabiriba dii bi ŋmɛri taba luhiri kamani western Boxing bee Muay Thai la. Luhibu buta ka bɛ tooi mali m-piiri ŋun di—ŋun tooi daŋ ponchi dibaa ayi nyabu. Amaa, ʒaamani tinsi shɛŋa gba malila bɛ zalisi.Ban kpa taba maa zaani la zaɣ'kpulli, ka taɣiri bɛ napɔŋ chanda ni pumbalkki.

Modern development

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Taekkyon la~`ginsi pam pa be Korea mini tiŋ'duya. Di shɛŋa n-nyɛ:

Widae Taekkyeon Preservation Society, ka bɛ lahi booni li World Wide Taekkyon Organization (WWTO) bee ka bɛ ŋmaali jia Widae Taekkyeon. Di be la Seoul mini Los Angeles. Di kpamba n-nyɛ Lee Jun-seo (1962-) mini Ko Yong-woo (1952-), Song Deok-gi shikurubihi kura.[21] Song Deok-gi mini Lee Jun-seo n daa kpa lala laɣingu ŋɔ yuuni 1983 ka bi kari taɣibu nima din kana din ni 1980s sunsuuni.[22][23]

  • Korea Traditional Taekgyeon Association (KTTA). Tuma duzuɣu din be Chungju,saha shɛŋa ka bɛ booni li Chungju Taekkyon. Lala KTTA ŋɔ, Jeong Kyung-hwa (1954-) n nyɛ di kpɛma bɛ ni daa ti so yuli "living national treasure of the second generation", Korea gɔmnanti n daa ti o li yuuni 1995. O daa nyɛla Shin Han-seung shikuru bila. KTTA n daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ka Taekkyon leei "ntangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".[24]

    • Korea Taekkyon Federation (KTF). Saha shɛli bɛ booni li la Daehan Taekkyon. Di be la Seoul Olympic park,di pili la yuuni 1991 ka Lee Yong-bok (1948-) nyɛ di kpɛma zaŋ na hali ni yuuni 2015. Din daa na nyɛ 8th Dan Taekwondo,o daa b`ohim la Taekkyon o toli ni "stint" , Song Deok-gi mini Shin Han-seung sani.[25] KTF daa pahila Korea Olympic Committee ni tum yuuni 2007. Di ni nyɛ "national federation of Taekkyon" la, Korea Taekkyon Federation mali soli ni bɛ laɣim ka yuli Korea National Championships and Sports yuuni ka chuiri ni. Lala laɣingu ŋ`o n na nyɛ zaɣi titali Taekkyon laɣinsi ni Korea mini tiŋ'duya.[26] Saha ŋɔ shukuruti maa wuhiya ni Taekkyon pala dansi dɛma.
  • Kyulyun Taekyun Association (KTK). Din be Seoul, ka pili yuuni 2000. Lala KTK ŋɔ, Do Ki-hyun (1962-) n-nyɛ di toondana ŋun bɔhindi Song Deok-gi nima sani o ni daa pili o bɔhimbu Shin Han-Seung nima sani nyaaŋa. Shikuruti ŋɔ nyɛla din yuli du ka di laɣindi buyi yuuni kam tum yuuni 2004, Taekyun Battle (bee TK Battle), kompateesa nima din mali dariza Korea puuni yini.[27]

Taekkyon lahi nyɛla bɛ ni niŋdi shɛŋa dunia shikuruti yaɣa kamani Australia, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Kazakhstan, Norway, Russia, United Kingdom n-ti pahi USA.

Historical records on Taekkyon and street fighting

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Medieval taarihi wuhiya ni soya zuɣu zaba dɛma daa nyɛla din be Korea lala saha maa, zaŋ hali ni 20th century. Pirim la "elite's scorn" mini "contempt for martial activities" zuɣu, Taekkyon daa nyɛla bɛ ni nya ka shɛli nyɛ shintoani ka di mini binyɛr'shɛŋa gabiri taba:[28] Sibak (시박),[28] Pyeonssaum (편싸움),[29] Nalparam (날파람),[30] Nanjanbaksi (난잔박시),[31] Taegyeok (태격).[32] Saha ŋɔ zaba ŋɔ napɔŋ nɔri shɛŋa bɛn ka bɛ tɛhi ni di nyɛla shikuruti dibaa ata ni ʒi shɛli na "Yetbeop Taekkyon" be "Old style Taekkyon".[33]

Taekkyon myths and facts

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Ʒaamani lahiʒibu lahabali bɛni ni Taekkyon nyɛla tabbu dɛma kamani "nadaa Taekwondo" salo nima nini ni. Din bɔŋɔ bi yi shɛli pahi la Taekwondo ni yɛligi niŋ Korea zaa tiŋgbani dɛma Korean War nyaaŋa la. Tum din nyaaŋa, Taekkyon nyɛla salo zaa ni baŋ shɛli ka di nyɛla "Taekwondo association and rendition" din mali lahabali din bi paai ni ka di nyɛla lahabaya din yina ka di yaa jɛndi tabbu polo.[34] Di mini Taekwondo piligu mɛmi n tam Taekkyon zuɣu maa zaa yoli, ka di yuli maa yaɣ'shɛli tɔm mɛ n tam di zuɣu,[35][2][36] di lala binyɛra dibaa ayi ŋɔ ka din che ka di miri taba.[37] Lala n-nyɛli, Taekkyon laɣingu bi nya ka di tabi taekwondo, ka zaɣisi zaa ni bɛ bi nya di ni tabi li shɛm.[38]

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Comics

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • The God of High School (갓 오브 하이 스쿨): Bakoi kam lahabaya wuligibu manhwa din daa yina Webtoon tum yuuni 2011. Ka MAPPA pili "anime" yuuni 2020. Park Il-Pyo mini o ŋahinsi daa zabiri lala zabili ŋɔ sitaaya ŋɔ "Ssamsu Taekkyon" yuli ni.[39]
  • Bridal Mask (각시탈): manhwa lahabali din daa yina yuuni 1974. Ka daa kpe TV series in 2012. Lahabali maa ni jɛndi so Lee Kang-Tomini o beli kpɛma sani daa zaŋ la Taekkyon n zabi japanesenima.[40]
  • Fight Class 3 (격기 3반): Manhwa daa yihi lahabali na Comic Champ tum yuuni 2015 (ka di na kuli za di ko zaŋ na ni yuuni 2021). Yuun yini shikuru bila n-ti Gi Ba-ram at Nam-il High's Fight Class 1 nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛri nyɔɣu ni Taekkyon.[41]

Movies

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Fighter in the Wind (바람 의 파이터): zaba filim din yina yuuni 2004. Di daa jɛndi la Korea nira karateka Oyama Masutatsu (1923-1993), ŋun daa kpa "Kyokushinkai style". Shinii maa puuni lala baŋdi pooli ŋɔ niŋdi Taekkyon ni o karimba ka bɛ zaabiri Japanese wɔfisa.[42]
  • The Showdown (거칠 마루) Geochilmaru: zabili shinii din yina yuuni 2005. Niriba anii n zabiri ni bɛ nya ŋun yɛn tuhi webmaster mini urban legend, "the mysterious Geochilmaru".[43]
  • The three Master Kims (김관장 대 김관장 대 관장): kpɛrigu din yna yuuni 2007. "burlesque character" din nyɛ "Master Kim" ka kpɛrikpɛriti Shin Hyun-joon leei Taekkyon baŋda n tuhiri "gangsters" ban kpɛri o ya polo.[43]

Television series

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Human Weapon: Season 1, episode 6 Jason Chambers mini Bill Duff ban kpuɣi napoŋ chaŋ Korea ni bɛ ti wuhi niriba baŋsim ka lahi zabi Taekwondo. Taekkyon nyɛla kali n-ti Korea kpɛrigu din jɛndi zaba.[44]
  • Warrior: Episode 6 season 1 ("To a Man with a Hammer, Everything Looks Like a Nail"), Korea zabizabiriba zabirimi ni Taekkyon.

Lihi pahi

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Kundivihira

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 GREEN Thomas A., SVINTH Joseph R. (2010). "Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation" Vol 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 the name Taekwondo was adopted for its similarity in name, to Taekkyon.
  3. ↑ Taekkyon on the Cultural Heritage Administration Web Page.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 UNESCO - Taekkyeon, a traditional Korean martial art.
  5. ↑ (in Korean) Lee Yong-bok (이용복): "Taekkyon Research" (택견연구) ISBN 8971930748. Seoul: Hakminsa Publishing, 2001
  6. ↑ (in Korean) Song Deok-Gi (송덕기) and Bak Jong-gwan (박종관): The traditional martial art Taekkyon (전통무예 택견). Seoul: Seorim Munhwasa Publishing 1983. ISBN 89-7186-209-2. ISBN 89-7186-001-4 (Set)
  7. ↑ Culin, Stewart (December 1, 1895). Korean games with notes on the corresponding games of China and Japan. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania.
  8. ↑ (in Korean) Lee Yong-bok (이용복): Taekkyon (택견). Daewonsa Publishing, Seoul 1995, S. 14 f.
  9. ↑ In this source, the idu-writing 托肩 is used to represent "Taekkyon". The translation of 托肩 is "push-shoulder". However this does not mean that the translation of Taekkyon is "push the shoulder", because idu is just a way to phonetically write pure Korean words with Chinese characters. At the same time, all the arm techniques of Taekkyon are generated from a shoulder movement first, by whipping the entire arm out. When fighting, there are numerous ways Taekkyeon pushes and pulls an opponent by the shoulders
  10. ↑ (in Korean) Lee Yongbok (이용복): Taekkyon, a Korean Martial Art (한국무예 택견). Seoul: Hakminsa Publishing 1990.
  11. ↑ UNESCO page on Taekkyon (2011).
  12. ↑ "From the age of 12, he [Song Deok-Gi started to properly learn Taekkyon with another 10 children of his age from 'Master Im Ho' who was the most well known Taekkyon-Kkun [practicionner] of that time."].
  13. ↑ Song Deok-Gi (송덕기) und Bak Jong-gwan (박종관): Taekkyon, a Traditional Martial Art (전통무예 택견). Seoul: Seorim Munhwasa Publishing 1983. Page 21.
  14. ↑ 대한택견회 소개 | 대한택견회.
  15. ↑ Ssireum wrestling from North Korea and South Korea was jointly inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on 26 November 2018 (25 November 2018).
  16. ↑ Taekkyeon.
  17. ↑ Kim, Yeong Man (2021). Combat Taekkyeon (실전태껸) (in Korean). 글샘. ISBN 9791188946617.
  18. ↑ The hanja pum means "level" or "goods", but it is used only because of its shape, not because of its meaning
  19. ↑ Choi, Yeong-nyeon (1921). East Sea Annals (해동죽지) (in Korean).
  20. ↑ 백기신통비각술 ("one-hundred godlike flying leg skills") (15 April 2013).
  21. ↑ Kim, Yong-Man (2018). 택견이 이칭(異稱)에 대해서 조선의 마지막 국가무형문화재 제76호 택견기능보유자 송덕기(1893~1987)로부터 1969년~1985년까지 택견을 사사(師事)받고, 특히 1983년부터 집중적으로 2년간 이준서(前, 송덕기의 윗대택견 국가전수장학생)와 함께 사사받은 고용우(1952년 1월 13일生, 미국 로스앤젤레스 거주)에 대해서 태견(김정윤, 2003)은 "송덕기는 고용우가 가장 태견을 마음에 들게 한다"고 기록하고 있다. 그는 구술채록(2013년 2월 10일, 미국 로스앤젤레스 커피숍)에서 택견의 이칭에 대해서 다음과 같이 진술하였다..
  22. ↑ Kim, Young-Man (2020). 택견 근현대사 (Modern and Contemporary History of Taekkyon). Kyobo Book Centre. ISBN 9791188946402.
  23. ↑ Widae Taekkyon (2021).
  24. ↑ 유네스코 세계문화유산 충주 택견의 갈 길 (December 5, 2011).
  25. ↑ Rubbeling, Hendrik (2017). Taekkyon – Wie Wasser und Wind. Norderstedt. ISBN 978-3744896818.
  26. ↑ 한, 병철 (2012). 고수를차아서 "Searching for the masters". 뿔미디어. ISBN 9791131539279.
  27. ↑ TK Battle Main Page.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 [수박 이야기 또 다른 탁견?].
  29. ↑ Joseon-musa-yeongwoongjeon (조선무사영웅전) bare hand Pyeonssaum and Taekkyeon record.
  30. ↑ 1927's Korean Flag Fight, Gitssaum, a street fighting game with no-spin horizontal fist punching & shoulder-push for frontal punch.
  31. ↑ [송준호 수박이야기 여진족 무술! 타권(打拳)].
  32. ↑ 성리학에 기반한 전통 무예 '태격'을 아십니까? (November 12, 2008).
  33. ↑ [도기현칼럼옛법택견, 그 파괴 본능].
  34. ↑ "A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do Archived 2022-08-17 at the Wayback Machine" by Alex Gillis
  35. ↑ Lo, David. Nam and General Choi faced a dilemma as they could not teach the Koreans Karate and call it Taekkyon. Eventually they took the best of Tang Soo Do and added some Taekkyon. They needed a new name urgently but the President liked the name Taekkyon" (PDF). Thesis prepared for 4th dan granting requirements..
  36. ↑ Taekwondo Classes in Salisbury.
  37. ↑ Unlike Tae Kwan Do, in Taekkyon combat, flying or spinning kicks weren't often used. Instead, low kicks to the shins or knees, sweeps and trips, and direct push kicks to the body were more common..
  38. ↑ Sungkyun CHO, Udo MOENIG, and Dohee NAM (2012). In addition, the Taekwondo establishment maintains that Taekkyon is one of its predecessors. Interestingly, Taekkyon literature usually does not acknowledge having any relationship to Taekwondo, and the Korea Taekkyon Federation (Taehan Taekkyon Yonmaeng) denies any link..[permanent dead link]
  39. ↑ The God of High School - Ep. 58.
  40. ↑ "민족무술 '택견', 침략자에겐 '응징'을, 관객에겐 '뜨거움'을". www.incheonin.com/news/. http://www.incheonin.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=50716.
  41. ↑ Fight Class 3.
  42. ↑ Fighter in the Wind Movie Script.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Sort by Popularity - Most Popular Movies and TV Shows tagged with keyword "taekkyon".
  44. ↑ Human Weapon - The History of TaeKwonDo.
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