Λυμαντρία

Λυμαντρία
	; Το είδος λυμαντρία η νεφρογράφος στο Κουίνσλαντ
Συστηματική ταξινόμηση
Βασίλειο:	Ζώα;
Συνομοταξία:	Αρθρόποδα;
Ομοταξία:	Έντομα (Insecta);
Τάξη:	Λεπιδόπτερα (Lepidoptera);
Υπεροικογένεια:	Νυκτοειδή (Noctuoidea);
Οικογένεια:	Ερεβίδες (Erebidae);
Υποοικογένεια:	Λυμαντριίνες (Lymantriinae);
Γένος:	Λυμαντρία (Lymantria); Hübner, 1819;
Συνώνυμα
	Porthetria, Hübner, [1819]; Hypogymna, Billberg, 1820; Sericaria, Berthold, 1827; Psilura, Stephens, 1828; Erasta, Gistl, 1848; Morasa, Walker, 1855; Enome, Walker, 1855; Palasea, Wallengren, 1863; Pegella, Walker, 1866; Pagella, Kozhanchikov, 1950; Sarothropyga, Felder, 1874; Nagunda, Moore, 1879; Barhona, Moore, 1879; Pyramocera, Butler, 1880; Lymantica, Collenette, 1936;

Η λυμαντρία (λατινική και επιστημονική ονομασία Lymantria) είναι γένος λεπιδόπτερων εντόμων, που ανήκει στην oικογένεια ερεβίδες. Είναι νυκτόβιες πεταλούδες-σκώροι με πολυφάγες κάμπιες, και συναντώνται από την Ευρώπη μέχρι την Ιάβα, την Κελέβη, την Ιαπωνία και την Αυστραλία. Από τα πολλά είδη ξεχωρίζει το είδος λυμαντρία η ανόμοιος (Lymantria dispar), που από τότε που ελευθερώθηκε κατά λάθος στη φύση στις ΗΠΑ από τον Ετιέν Λεοπόλντ Τρουβελό εξαπλώνεται στη Βόρεια Αμερική, με τις φυλλοφάγες κάμπιες του να προκαλούν κάθε έτος ζημιές δεκάδων εκατομμυρίων δολαρίων στις φυτικές καλλιέργειες στις ΗΠΑ. Σε αυτό παραπέμπει εξάλλου και η ονομασία λυμαντρία, που στη λατινική σημαίνει «καταστροφέας» (κοινή ετυμολογία με την αρχαιοελληνική λέξη λυμαντήρ και το ρήμα λυμαίνομαι). Το γένος ορίσθηκε από τον Γερμανό εντομολόγο Γιάκομπ Χύμπνερ το 1819.

Περιγραφή

Στις αρσενικές λυμαντρίες οι ανιχνευτικοί εμπρόσθιοι βραχίονες (palpi) εκτείνονται προς τα εμπρός και είναι καλυμμένες με χνούδι. Οι κεραίες είναι σχετικώς μακριές και στα θηλυκά οδοντωτές από τη μία πλευρά. Οι πτέρυγες ανάλογα με το είδος είναι είτε πλήρως ανεπτυγμένες, είτε ατροφικές, είτε και σχεδόν ανύπαρκτες.^[1]

Είδη

Σήμερα γίνονται γενικότερα αποδεκτά τα εξής είδη λυμαντρίας^[2]:

Lymantria aboleta, Staudinger, 1896
Lymantria akemii, Schintlmeister, 189?
Lymantria albescens, Matsumura, 1927
Lymantria albimacula, Wallengren, 1863
Lymantria albolunulata, Moore, 1879
Lymantria alexandrae, Schintlmeister, 1994
Lymantria ampla, Walker, 1855
Lymantria antennata, Walker, 1855
Lymantria antica, Walker, 1856
Lymantria aomoriensis, Matsumura, 1921
Lymantria apicebrunnea, Gaede, 1932
Lymantria arete, Fawcett, 1915
Lymantria argyrochroa, Collenette, 1935
Lymantria arrheta, Collenette, 1959
Lymantria aryama, Moore, 1859
Lymantria ascetria, Hübner, 1821
Lymantria asiatica, Vunkovskij, 1926
Lymantria atala, C. Swinhoe, 1923
Lymantria atemeles, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria atlantica, Rambur, 1842
Lymantria atra, Linstow., 1907
Lymantria aurora, Butler, 1877
Lymantria bantaizana, Matsumura, 1933
Lymantria barica, Mabille, 1878
Lymantria barisana, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria barlowi, Schintlmeister, 1994
Lymantria beatrix, Stoll, 1790
Lymantria bhascara, Moore, 1859
Lymantria binotata, Mabille, 1880
Lymantria bisextilis, Toxopeus, 1948
Lymantria bivittata, Moore, 1879
Lymantria brotea, Stoll, 1780
Lymantria brunneata, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria brunneiplaga, C. Swinhoe, 1903
Lymantria brunneoloma, Pogue & Schaeffer, 2007
Lymantria buruensis, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria caliginosa, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria canariensis, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria capnodes, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria carnecolor, Moore, 1888
Lymantria carneola, Moore, 1879
Lymantria castanea, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria castaneostriata, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria ceballosi, Agenjo, 1959
Lymantria celebesa, Collenette, 1947
Lymantria chosenibia, Bryk, 1949
Lymantria chroma, Collenette, 1947
Lymantria concolor, Walker, 1855
Lymantria conspersa, Hering, 1927
Lymantria costalis, Walker, 1865
Lymantria cryptocloea, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria curvifera, Walker, 1866
Lymantria daraba, Wiltshire, 1952
Lymantria demotes, Collenette,
Lymantria destituta, Staudinger, 1891
Lymantria detersa, Walker, 1865
Lymantria dictyodigma, Collenette, 1930
Lymantria didymata, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria diehli, Schintlmeister, 198?
Lymantria dispar, Linnaeus, 1758
Lymantria disparina, Hering, 1926
Lymantria dissoluta, C. Swinhoe, 1903
Lymantria diversa, Turner, 1936
Lymantria doreyensis, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria dubia, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria dubiosa, Aurivillius, 1894
Lymantria dulcinea, Butler, 1882
Lymantria ekeikei, Bethune-Baker, 1904
Lymantria elassa, Collenette, 1938
Lymantria epelytes, Collenette, 1936
Lymantria eremita, Ochsenheimer, 1810
Lymantria faircloughi, Holloway, 1999
Lymantria finitorum, Collenette, 1931
Lymantria flavicilia, Hampson, 1910
Lymantria flavoneura, Joicey, 1916
Lymantria formosana, Matsumura, 1911
Lymantria fuliginea, Butler, 1880
Lymantria fuliginosa, Moore, 1883
Lymantria fumida, Butler, 1877
Lymantria fumosa, Saalmüller, 1884
Lymantria fusca, Leech, 1888
Lymantria galinaria, C. Swinhoe, 1903
Lymantria ganaha, C. Swinhoe, 1903
Lymantria ganara, Moore, 1859
Lymantria ganaroides, Strand, 1917
Lymantria grandis, Walker, 1855
Lymantria grisea, Moore, 1879
Lymantria griseipennis, Kozhanchikov, 1950
Lymantria griseostriata, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria grisescens, Staudinger, 1887
Lymantria hadina, Butler, 1881
Lymantria harimuda, Roepke, 1937
Lymantria hemipyra, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria hilaris, Voll., 1863
Lymantria hollowayi, Schintlmeister, 198?
Lymantria horishana, Matsumura, 1931
Lymantria horishanella, Matsumura, 1927
Lymantria hypobolimaea, Collenette, 1959
Lymantria ichorina, Butler, 1884
Lymantria idea, Bryk, 1949
Lymantria incerta, Walker, 1855
Lymantria infuscata, Okano, 1959
Lymantria inordinata, Walker, 1865
Lymantria iris, Strand, 1910
Lymantria japonica, Motschulsky, 1860
Lymantria joannisi, Le Cerf, 1921
Lymantria kanara, Collenette, 1951
Lymantria kebeae, Bethune-Baker, 1904
Lymantria kettlewelli, Collenette, 1953
Lymantria kinta, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria kobesi, Schintlmeister, 1994
Lymantria kolthoffi, Bryk, 1949
Lymantria komarovi, Christoph, 1882
Lymantria koreibia, Bryk, 1949
Lymantria kosemponis, Strand, 1914
Lymantria kruegeri, Turati, 1912
Lymantria lacteipennis, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria lamda, Collenette, 1936
Lymantria lapidicola, Herrich-Schäffer, 1852
Lymantria lateralis, Bryk, 1949
Lymantria lepcha, Moore, 1879
Lymantria leucerythra, Collenette, 1930
Lymantria leucophaes, Collenette, 1936
Lymantria libella, C. Swinhoe, 1904
Lymantria loacana, Semper, 1898
Lymantria lucescens, Butler, 1881
Lymantria lunata, Stoll, 1781
Lymantria lutea, Boisduval, 1847
Lymantria lutescens, Aurivillius, 1920
Lymantria lygaea, Bethune-Baker, 1908
Lymantria maculata, Semper, 1898
Lymantria maculosa, Walker, 1855
Lymantria malgassica, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria marginalis, Walker, 1862
Lymantria marginata, Walker, 1855
Lymantria marwitzi, Grumb., 1907
Lymantria mathura, Moore, 1865
Lymantria matuta, Bryk, 1949
Lymantria maura, Oberthür, 1916
Lymantria melanopogon, Strand, 1914
Lymantria metarhoda, Walker, 1862
Lymantria metella, Fawcett, 1915
Lymantria micans, Felder, 1874
Lymantria microcyma, Collenette, 1937
Lymantria microstrigata, Holloway, 1999
Lymantria minahassa, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria miniata, Grunb., 1907
Lymantria minomonis, Matsumura, 1933
Lymantria minora, van Eecke, 1828
Lymantria mjobergi, Aurivillius, 1920
Lymantria modesta, Walker, 1855
Lymantria moesta, C. Swinhoe, 1903
Lymantria monacha, Linnaeus, 1758
Lymantria monoides, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria mosera, H. Druce, 1898
Lymantria mus, Oberthür, 1916
Lymantria narindra, Moore, 1859
Lymantria nebulosa, Wileman, 1910
Lymantria neirai, Agenjo, 1959
Lymantria nephrographa, Turner, 1915
Lymantria nesiobia, Bryk, 1942
Lymantria nigra, Freyer, 1833
Lymantria nigra, Moore, 1888
Lymantria nigricosta, Matsumura, 1921
Lymantria ninayi, Bethune-Baker, 1910
Lymantria nobunaga, Nagano, 1909
Lymantria novaguinensis, Bethune-Baker, 1904
Lymantria nudala, Strand, 1915
Lymantria oberthuri, D. Lucas, 1906
Lymantria obfuscata, Walker, 1865
Lymantria obsoleta, Walker, 1855
Lymantria oinoa, Collenette, 1956
Lymantria orestera, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria ornata, Oberthür, 1923
Lymantria ossea, Toxopeus, 1948
Lymantria pagon, Holloway, 1999
Lymantria panthera, van Eecke, 1928
Lymantria pelospila, Turner, 1915
Lymantria pendleburyi, Collenette, 1932
Lymantria phaeosericea, Mabille, 1884
Lymantria plumbalis, Hampson, 1895
Lymantria polioptera, Collenette, 1934
Lymantria polycyma, Collenette, 1936
Lymantria polysticta, Collenette, 1929
Lymantria postalba, Inoue, 1956
Lymantria postfusca, C. Swinhoe, 1906
Lymantria praetermissa, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria pramesta, Moore, 1859
Lymantria pruinosa, Butler, 1879
Lymantria pruinosa, Hering, 1927
Lymantria pulverea, Pogue & Schaeffer, 2007
Lymantria pusilla, Felder, 1874
Lymantria rhabdota, Collenette, 1949
Lymantria rhodina, Walker, 1865
Lymantria rhodopepla, Felder, 1874
Lymantria rosea, Butler, 1879
Lymantria roseicoxa, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria roseola, Matsumura, 1931
Lymantria rosina, Pagenstecher, 1900
Lymantria rubroviridis, Hering, 1917
Lymantria rufofusca, Mabille, 1899
Lymantria rufotincta, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria russula, Collenette, 1933
Lymantria rusticana, Hering, 1927
Lymantria sakaguchii, Matsumura, 1927
Lymantria semicincta, Walker, 1855
Lymantria serva, Fabricius, 1793
Lymantria servula, Collenette, 1935
Lymantria sinica, Moore, 1879
Lymantria subfusca, Schulz., 1910
Lymantria subpallida, Okano, 1959
Lymantria subrosea, Walker, 1855
Lymantria sugii, Kishida, 1986
Lymantria superans, Walker, 1855
Lymantria takasagonis, Matsumura, 1933
Lymantria todara, Moore, 1879
Lymantria tsushimensis, Inoue, 1956
Lymantria umbrifera, Wileman, 1910
Lymantria umbrina, Moore, 1879
Lymantria umbrosa, Butler, 1881
Lymantria uxor, Saalmüller, 1884
Lymantria variegata, Kenrick, 1914
Lymantria vinacea, Moore, 1879
Lymantria xylina, C. Swinhoe, 1903
Lymantria yunnanensis, Collenette, 1933

Παραπομπές

↑ Hampson, G.F. (1892). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume I. Taylor and Francis – μέσω Biodiversity Heritage Library.
↑ «Lymantria» στην Encyclopedia of Life

Πηγές

Ingram, R.: «Gypsy Moths (Lymantria spp.) Surveillance in Australia», DAFF mimeograph, 2010
Pogue, Michael G. & Schaefer, Paul W.: A Review of Selected Species of Lymantria Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Subtropical and Temperate Regions of Asia, Including the Descriptions of Three New Species, Some Potentially Invasive to North America, 2007
Schintlmeister, Alexander: The Taxonomy of the Genus Lymantria Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), 2004

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

Η λυμαντρία στα Wikispecies
Savela, Markku, επιμ. (5 Ιουλίου 2019). «Lymantria Hübner, [1819]». Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Ανακτήθηκε στις 24 Μαρτίου 2020.

[1] Hampson, G.F. (1892). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume I. Taylor and Francis – μέσω Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[2] «Lymantria» στην Encyclopedia of Life

[1]

[2]