Vanuatu keeled on Vanuatu saareriigis räägitavad keeled. Vanuatu on kõige suurema keelelise tihedusega riik. Viimase hinnangu järgi on seal kasutuses (või hiljuti välja surnud) 138 pärismaist keelt.[1] Sealjuures oli 2009. aastal Vanuatu elanike arv 243 000 ning keskmine keele kõnelejate arv on seega 1760. Vanuatu pindala on 12 189 km² ning seega on seal üks keel iga 88 km² kohta.
Paljusid keeli räägib vaid väga väike arv inimesi ning need keeled on hävimisohus. Suurima kõnelejate arvuga keeled on lenakeli keel (umbes 11 500 kõnelejat), nakanamanga keel (umbes 9500 kõnelejat) ja uripivi-vala-rano-atšini keel (umbes 9000 kõnelejat).[1] Kõik Vanuatu keeled kuuluvad Okeaania keelkonda. Vanuatus räägitavad keeled kuuluvad kolme rühma: Põhja- ja Kesk-Vanuatu (Lõuna-Okeaania), Lõuna-Vanuatu ja Polüneesia.
Vanuatus on kolm ametlikku keel: bislama, inglise ja prantsuse.
Järgnev loend sisaldab Vanuatu pärismaiseid keeli, mida räägitakse käesoleval ajal või mis on hiljuti välja surnud. Loend ei ole täielik.[2]
| Keel |
Ethn. |
OLAC |
Muud nimed |
Kõnelejaid |
Piirkond |
Keelerühm |
Märkused
|
| ahambi |
ahb |
ahb |
Axamb |
750 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| akei |
tsr |
tsr |
Tasiriki |
650 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| amblongi |
alm |
alm |
|
300 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| aneitjumi |
aty |
aty |
Aneityum |
900 |
Aneityum |
LõV |
|
| aore |
aor |
aor |
|
0 |
Espiritu Santo, Aore |
NCV |
|
| apma |
app |
app |
|
7800 |
Pentecost |
NCV |
|
| araki |
akr |
akr |
|
8 |
Araki |
NCV |
|
| aulua |
aul |
aul |
|
750 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| avava |
tmb |
tmb |
Katbol |
700 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| baetora |
btr |
btr |
|
1330 |
Maewo |
NCV |
|
| baki |
bki |
bki |
Burumba, Paki |
350 |
Epi |
NCV |
|
| bierebo |
bnk |
bnk |
Bonkovia-yevali |
800 |
Epi |
NCV |
|
| bieria |
brj |
brj |
Bieri, Vovo, Wowo |
25 |
Epi |
NCV |
|
| burmbari |
vrt |
vrt |
Banan Bay, Vartavo |
900 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| butmas-turi |
bnr |
bnr |
Ati |
520 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| daakie |
ptv |
ptv |
Port-Vato |
1300 |
Ambrym |
NCV |
|
| dakaka |
bpa |
bpa |
Baiap, Lõuna-Ambrym |
1200 |
Ambrym |
NCV |
|
| Dixoni rifi |
dix |
dix |
|
50 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| dorigi |
wwo |
wwo |
Wetamut |
300 |
Banksi saared (Gaua) |
NCV |
|
| emae |
mmw |
mmw |
|
400 |
Shepherdi saared (Emae) |
polüneesia |
|
| etoni |
etn |
etn |
|
500 |
Efate |
NCV |
|
| futuna-aniva |
fut |
fut |
West Futuna |
1500 |
Futuna, Aniwa |
polüneesia |
|
| hailahe |
ssv |
ssv |
Shark Bay |
450 |
Espiritu Santo, Litaro |
NCV |
|
| hano |
lml |
lml |
Raga |
6500 |
Pentecost |
NCV |
|
| hiu |
hiw |
hiw |
Hiw |
280 |
Torrese saared (Hiw) |
NCV |
|
| Ifo |
iff |
iff |
|
0 |
Erromango |
LõV |
|
| kaguambrimi |
tvk |
tvk |
|
3700 |
Ambrym |
NCV |
|
| kagutanna |
nwi |
nwi |
|
5000 |
Tanna |
LõV |
|
| keskmaewo |
mwo |
mwo |
|
1400 |
Maewo |
NCV |
|
| kiai |
frt |
frt |
Fortsenal |
450 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| kirdeambae |
omb |
omb |
Lolovoli; Aoba |
5000 |
Ambae |
NCV |
|
| koro |
krf |
krf |
|
250 |
Banksi saared (Gaua) |
NCV |
|
| kvamera |
tnk |
tnk |
|
3500 |
Tanna |
LõV |
|
| lamenu |
lmu |
lmu |
Lamen, Varmali |
850 |
Epi, Lamen |
NCV |
|
| lakoni |
lkn |
lkn |
Lakona; Vurē |
800 |
Banksi saared (Gaua) |
NCV |
|
| lamapi |
psw |
psw |
Port Sandwich |
1200 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| larevati |
lrv |
lrv |
Laravat |
680 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| lehali |
tql |
tql |
|
200 |
Banksi saared (Ureparapara) |
NCV |
|
| lelepa |
lpa |
lpa |
Havannah Harbour |
400 |
Lelepa, Efate |
NCV |
|
| lemerigi |
lrz |
lrz |
Sasar |
2 |
Banksi saared (Vanua Lava) |
NCV |
|
| lenakeli |
tnl |
tnl |
|
11 500 |
Tanna |
LõV |
|
| letemboi |
nms |
nms |
Small Nambas |
800 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| levo |
lww |
lww |
Varsu |
2200 |
Epi |
NCV |
|
| lonvolvoli |
crc |
crc |
Lääne-Ambrym |
1200 |
Ambrym |
NCV |
|
| lorediakarkar |
lnn |
lnn |
|
850 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| Lo-Toga |
lht |
lht |
Loh, Toga |
580 |
Torrese saared (Lo, Toga, Tegua) |
NCV |
|
| lõunaefate |
erk |
erk |
Erakor |
6000 |
Efate |
NCV |
|
| lääneambae |
nnd |
nnd |
Duidui |
8700 |
Ambae |
NCV |
|
| löjöpi |
urr |
urr |
Lehalurup |
240 |
Banksi saared (Ureparapara) |
NCV |
|
| mae |
mme |
mme |
Dirak |
1000 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| maii |
mmm |
mmm |
|
180 |
Epi |
NCV |
|
| malfaxali |
mlx |
mlx |
Na’ahai |
600 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| Malua lahe |
mll |
mll |
Middle Nambas |
500 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| maragusi |
mrs |
mrs |
|
15 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| maskelynesi |
klv |
klv |
|
1100 |
Malekula, Maskelynesi saared |
NCV |
|
| mavea |
mkv |
mkv |
Mav̋ea, Mafea |
34 |
Mavea |
NCV |
|
| mele-fila |
mxe |
mxe |
Ifira-Mele |
3500 |
Efate, Mele, Ifira |
polüneesia |
|
| merei |
lmb |
lmb |
|
400 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| merlavi |
mrm |
mrm |
Mwerlap |
1100 |
Banksi saared (Merelava) |
NCV |
|
| morouasi |
mrp |
mrp |
|
150 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| mosina |
msn |
msn |
Mweseni |
10 |
Banksi saared (Vanua Lava) |
NCV |
|
| mota |
mtt |
mtt |
|
750 |
Banksi saared (Mota) |
NCV |
|
| mpotovoro |
mvt |
mvt |
|
430 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| motlavi |
mlv |
mlv |
Mwotlap |
2100 |
Banksi saared (Motalava) |
NCV |
|
| nahavaki |
sns |
sns |
South West Bay |
700 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| namakura |
nmk |
nmk |
Makura |
3750 |
Efate, Shepherdi saared (Tongoa, Tongariki) |
NCV |
|
| namani |
lzl |
lzl |
Litzlitz |
15 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| napuanmeni |
tnp |
tnp |
Whitesands |
7500 |
Tanna |
LõV |
|
| narango |
nrg |
nrg |
|
160 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| nasariani |
nvh |
nvh |
|
5 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| navuti |
nsw |
nsw |
|
520 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| nese |
|
|
|
160 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| neververi |
lgk |
lgk |
Lingarak |
1250 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| ninde |
mwi |
mwi |
Labo |
1100 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| nisvai |
– |
|
Vetbon |
140 |
Malekula |
NCV |
Unesco
|
| nokuku |
nkk |
nkk |
|
160 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| Nume |
tgs |
tgs |
Tarasag |
700 |
Banksi saared (Gaua) |
NCV |
|
| olrati |
olr |
olr |
|
3 |
Banksi saared (Gaua) |
NCV |
|
| paama |
pma |
pma |
Paamese |
6000 |
Paama |
NCV |
|
| piamatsina |
ptr |
ptr |
|
150 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| polonombauki |
plb |
plb |
|
220 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| põhjaefate |
llp |
llp |
nakanamanga |
9500 |
Efate, Shepherdi saared (Nguna, Tongoa) |
NCV |
|
| põhjatanna |
tnn |
tnn |
|
5000 |
Tanna |
LõV |
|
| põhjaambrimi |
mmg |
mmg |
|
5250 |
Ambrym |
NCV |
|
| repanbitipi |
rpn |
rpn |
|
90 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| rerepi |
pgk |
pgk |
Pangkumu, Tisman |
380 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| roria |
rga |
rga |
Mores |
75 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| saa |
sax |
sax |
Sa |
2500 |
Pentecost |
NCV |
|
| sakao |
sku |
sku |
Hog Harbour, N'kep |
4000 |
Espiritu Santo, Sakao |
NCV |
|
| sie |
erg |
erg |
Se, Erromanga |
1900 |
Erromango |
LõV |
|
| ske |
ske |
ske |
Seke |
300 |
Pentecost |
NCV |
|
| sova |
sww |
sww |
|
0 |
Pentecost |
NCV |
|
| sungvadia |
mrb |
mrb |
Marino; North Maewo |
500 |
Maewo |
NCV |
|
| tamambo |
mla |
mla |
Malo; Tamabo |
4000 |
Malo |
NCV |
|
| tambotalo |
tls |
tls |
|
50 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| tangoa |
tgp |
tgp |
|
800 |
Tangoa |
NCV |
|
| tasmate |
tmt |
tmt |
|
150 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| tiale |
mnl |
mnl |
|
400 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| tolomako |
tlm |
tlm |
|
900 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| tutuba |
tmi |
tmi |
|
500 |
Espiritu Santo, Tutuba |
NCV |
|
| unua |
onu |
onu |
Onua |
520 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| ura |
uur |
uur |
|
6 |
Erromango |
LõV |
|
| uripivi-vala-rano-atšini |
upv |
upv |
Uripiv |
9000 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| vailapa |
wlr |
wlr |
|
100 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| valpei |
vlp |
vlp |
|
300 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| vao |
vao |
vao |
|
1900 |
Vao, Malekula |
NCV |
|
| vönentaudi |
nmb |
nmb |
Big Nambas |
3350 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| veraa |
vra |
vra |
Vatrata |
500 |
Banksi saared (Vanua Lava) |
NCV |
|
| vinmavisi |
vnm |
vnm |
Neve’ei |
500 |
Malekula |
NCV |
|
| volou |
mlv |
mlv |
Valuwa |
0 |
Banksi saared (Mota Lava) |
NCV |
|
| vunapu |
vnp |
vnp |
|
380 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
| vurösi |
msn |
msn |
Vureas, Mosina |
2000 |
Banksi saared (Vanua Lava) |
NCV |
|
| vusi |
wsi |
wsi |
|
300 |
Espiritu Santo |
NCV |
|
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Alexandre François, Sébastien Lacrampe, Michael Franjieh, Stefan Schnell. "The languages of Vanuatu. Unity and diversity". Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia 5. Canberra 2015
- ↑ Tabelis on 112 keelt. Täielikum loend François et al. (2015:18-21) sisaldab 138 keelt.
