Kapa eta ezpatako zinema

Douglas Fairbanks Robin Hood moduan, 1922

Kapa eta ezpatako zinema ekintzazko zinemaren azpigenero bat da, ezpata-borrokak dituena. Askotan benetako gertakarietan oinarrituta, filmeko pertsonaiek moral zorrotza dute: heroiek eta, batzuetan baita bilauek ere, ohore-kode bat jarraitzen dute. Maiz, filmak ezaugarri erromantikoak ditu, askotan damatxo arriskuan motako pertsonaiak agertuz.^[1]

Historia

Jada zinemaren hasieran, zinema mutuaren garaian, ikuskizunen saila ezpatariz beterik zegoen. Garai hartako ezagunena Douglas Fairbanks izan zen, generoa definitu zuen The Mark of Zorro (1920) bezalako filmak egin zituena. Istorioak eleberri historiko erromantikoetatik ateratzen zituzten, batez ere Alexandre Dumas edota Rafael Sabatiniren lanetatik. Generoak hiru etapa izan zituen zinema klasikoaren garaian: Douglas Fairbanksena 1920 eta 1929 artean; Errol Flynnean 1935 eta 1941 artean; eta 1950eko hamarkadakoa, noiz Ivanhoe (1952) eta The Master of Ballantrae (1953) filmak edo The Adventures of Robin Hood (1955–1959) telesailak grabatu zituztenean.^[2] 1970eko hamarkadan, Richard Lesterren Dumasen egokitzapenak generoa berpiztu zuten.^[3]

Film klasikoak

• The Mark of Zorro (1920)
• The Three Musketeers (1921)
• Robin Hood (1922)
• Don Q, Son of Zorro (1925)
• The Black Pirate (1926)
• The Count of Monte Cristo (1934)
• The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934)
• Captain Blood (1935)
• The Bold Caballero (1936)
• The Prisoner of Zenda (1937)
• The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938)
• Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939)
• The Mark of Zorro (1940)
• The Sea Hawk (1940)
• The Black Swan (1942)
• The Spanish Main (1945)
• The Exile (1947)
• The Pirate (1948)
• The Three Musketeers (1948)
• Adventures of Don Juan (1948)
• Cyrano de Bergerac (1950)
• Scaramouche (1952)
• The Crimson Pirate (1952)
• The Golden Blade (1952)
• Ivanhoe (1952)
• The Master of Ballantrae (1953)
• The Moonraker (1958)
• The Three Musketeers (1973)
• The Four Musketeers (1974)
• Swashbuckler (1976)
• Robin and Marian (1976)
• Star Wars (1977)
• The Scarlet Pimpernel (1982)
• The Princess Bride (1987)
• Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991)
• The Three Musketeers (1993)
• Cutthroat Island (1995)
• Le Bossu (1997)
• The Mask of Zorro (1998)
• The Man in the Iron Mask (1998)
• Gladiator (2000)
• The Musketeer (2001)
• The Count of Monte Cristo (2002)
• The Scorpion King (2002)
• Fanfan la Tulipe (2003)
• Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
• Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
• Casanova (2005)
• The Legend of Zorro (2005)
• Alatriste (2006)
• Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
• Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
• Stardust (2007)
• 1612 (2007)
• Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2010)
• Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011)
• The Three Musketeers (2011)
• Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017)

Aktore ospetsuak

• Antonio Banderas
• Lex Barker
• Gérard Barray
• Sean Bean
• Orlando Bloom
• Jim Caviezel
• Ronald Colman
• Penélope Cruz
• Tony Curtis
• Olivia de Havilland
• Johnny Depp
• John Derek
• Cary Elwes
• Douglas Fairbanks
• Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
• Mel Ferrer
• Errol Flynn
• Stewart Granger
• Richard Greene
• Louis Hayward
• Keira Knightley
• Frank Latimore
• Burt Lancaster
• Jean Marais
• Georges Marchal
• Kerwin Mathews
• Ian McShane
• Viggo Mortensen
• Maureen O'Hara
• Guy Pearce
• Vincent Perez
• Tyrone Power
• Edmund Purdom
• Basil Rathbone
• Steve Reeves
• Duncan Regehr
• Tim Roth
• Geoffrey Rush
• Tessie Santiago
• Robert Shaw
• Robert Taylor
• Richard Todd
• Raquel Welch
• Cornel Wilde
• Guy Williams
• Michael York
• Catherine Zeta-Jones

Erreferentziak

1. (Ingelesez) Richards, Jeffrey. (2014). Swordsmen of the Screen. Routledge ISBN 9781317928638..
2. Screen Online.
3. (Ingelesez) Hoad, Phil. (2003-8-1). «Making Waves: In Praise of the Swashbuckler» The Guardian.

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