داماسیثیموس (؛ یونانی: Δαμασίθυμος ; درگذشت 480 قبل از میلاد) پادشاه کالیندوس (یونانی: Κάλυνδος) شهری در کاریه باستان.[۱] پدرش کانداولس (یونانی: Κανδαύλης) بود.[۲]
هرودوت، در کتابهای هفتم و هشتم «تاریخ هرودوت» و پولیائنس، در کتاب هشتم اثرش «استراتاگماتها»، به داماسیثیموس اشاره میکند.
داماسیثیموس در حمله دوم هخامنشیان به یونان به فرماندهی خشایارشا (خشایارشا اول) از متحدان او بود. او در نبردهای دریایی آرتمیزیوم و سالامیس در سال ۴۸۰ پیش از میلاد شرکت کرد. داماسیثیموس بهعنوان فرمانده تنها کشتی کالیندی در نیروی دریایی هخامنشی عمل کرد و در جریان نبرد سالامیس کشته شد.
کشتی داماسیثیموس، به همراه کشتیهای از هالیکارناس، کوس و نیسیروس، تحت فرماندهی آرتمیس یکم بود.[۳] ناو گان آرتمیس، شامل کشتی داماسیثیموس، بهترین شهرت را در نیروی دریایی هخامنشی، پس از کشتیهای صیدا، داشت.[۴] هرودوت اشاره میکند که داماسیثیموس یکی از برجستهترین فرماندهان کشتیهای هخامنشی بود.[۵]
داماسیثیموس در نبرد سالامیس کشته شد، زمانی که آرتمیس، با اینکه همپیمان بودند، کشتی او را به عمد بهسوی یک کشتی آتنی تحت فرماندهی آمینیاپوس که او را تعقیب میکرد، کوبید. چون گفته میشود که او قصد داشت از یک کشتی آتنی تحت فرماندهی آمینیاپوس که او را تعقیب میکرد، فرار کند.[۶][۷][۸] کشتی داماسیثیموس غرق شد و او و تمامی خدمهاش جان باختند.[۹]
زمانی که خشایارشا مشاهده کرد که آرتمیس کشتی داماسیثیموس را غرق کرده است، فکر کرد که او کشتی یونانی را غرق کرده است.[۱۰] به گفته هرودوت، خشایارشا گفت: «مردان من تبدیل به زنان شدهاند و زنان من به مردان.»[۱۱] اما بهگفته پولیائنس، او گفت: «ای زئوس، قطعاً تو زنان را از مواد مردانه و مردان را از مواد زنانه خلق کردهای.»[۱۲]
بهگفته هرودوت، آرتمیس پیشتر با داماسیثیموس در هنگام حضورشان در داردانل دچار اختلاف شده بود. هرودوت مینویسد: «حالا، حتی اگر درست باشد که او پیشتر با داماسیثیموس در زمان حضورشان در داردانل دچار درگیری شده بود، اما نمیتوانم بگویم که آیا او این کار را بهطور عمد انجام داد یا اینکه کشتی کالیندی بهطور تصادفی در مسیر او قرار گرفت.»[۱۳]
- ↑ Herodotus Book 8.87"...the king of the Calyndians Damasithymus was embarked."
- ↑ Herodotus Book 7.98 "...and Damasithymus son of Candaules."
- ↑ Artemisia in Herodotus بایگانیشده در ۲۰۱۰-۰۶-۰۹ توسط Wayback Machine " She led the forces of Halicarnassos, Cos, Nisyros and Calyndos, and supplied five ships."
- ↑ Artemisia in Herodotus بایگانیشده در ۲۰۱۰-۰۶-۰۹ توسط Wayback Machine "The ships she brought had the best reputation in the whole fleet, next to the ones from Sidon,..."
- ↑ Herodotus Book 7.98"Of those who sailed in the ships the men of most note after the commanders were these,... ,and Damasithymus son of Candaules."
- ↑ Herodotus Book 8.87"When the affairs of the king had come to great confusion, at this crisis a ship of Artemisia was being pursued by an Athenian ship; and as she was not able to escape, for in front of her were other ships of her own side, while her ship, as it chanced, was furthest advanced towards the enemy, she resolved what she would do, and it proved also much to her advantage to have done so. While she was being pursued by the Athenian ship she charged at full speed against a ship of her own side manned by the Calyndians and in which the king of the Calyndians, Damasithymus, was embarked."
- ↑ Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.2 "...sank a ship of the Calyndian allies, which was commanded by Damasithymus."
- ↑ Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53 "Artemisia, in the naval battle at Salamis, found that the Persians were defeated, and she herself was near to falling into the hands of the Greeks. She ordered the Persian colours to be taken down, and the master of the ship to bear down upon, and attack a Persian vessel, that was passing by her. The Greeks, seeing this, supposed her to be one of their allies; they drew off and left her alone, directing their forces against other parts of the Persian fleet. Artemisia in the meantime sheered off, and escaped safely to Caria."
- ↑ Herodotus Book 8.88 "...not one of the crew of the Calyndian ship survived to become her accuser."
- ↑ Herodotus Book 8.88 "...secondly it happened that though she had done mischief, she yet gained great reputation by this thing with Xerxes. For it is said that the king looking on at the fight perceived that her ship had charged the other; and one of those present said: "Master, dost thou see Artemisia, how well she is fighting, and how she sank even now a ship of the enemy?" He asked whether this was in truth the deed of Artemisia, and they said that it was; for (they declared) they knew very well the sign of her ship: and that which was destroyed they thought surely was one of the enemy"
- ↑ Herodotus Book 8.88 "And Xerxes in answer to that which was said to him is reported to have uttered these words: "My men have become women, and my women men." Thus it is said that Xerxes spoke."
- ↑ Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.5"And even in the heat of the action, observing the manner in which she distinguished herself, he exclaimed: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's.""
- ↑ Herodotus Book 8.87