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واکه‌ها
| آوانگاری
|
مثال
|
نزدیک‌ترین معادل انگلیسی
|
| ɑ
|
tak [ˈtsʰɑk]
|
art
|
| ɑ:
|
rane [ˈʁɑːnə]
|
father
|
| ʌ
|
ånd [ˈʌnˀ]
|
somewhat like off
|
| ɒ
|
normal [nɒˈmɛˀl]
|
off
|
| ɒ:
|
kort [ˈkʰɒːt]
|
dog
|
| æ
|
kat [ˈkʰæt]
|
bat
|
| æː
|
græde [ˈkʁæːðə]
|
bad
|
| e̝
|
bed [ˈpe̝ð] ('garden plot')
|
bit
|
| e̝:
|
mene [ˈme̝ːnə]
|
bid
|
| e
|
ven [ˈven], frisk [ˈfʁesk]
|
bait
|
| eː
|
mæle [ˈmeːlə]
|
bade
|
| ɛ
|
bær [ˈpɛɐ̯]
|
bet
|
| ɛː
|
gade [ˈkɛːðə]
|
bed
|
| i
|
tisse [ˈtsʰisə]
|
beat
|
| iː
|
mile [ˈmiːlə]
|
bead
|
| o
|
foto [ˈfoto]
|
story, but short
|
| oː
|
kone [ˈkʰoːnə]
|
story
|
| ɔ
|
ost [ˈɔst] ('cheese')
|
somewhat like growth
|
| ɔ:
|
måle [ˈmɔːlə]
|
somewhat like grow
|
| ø
|
nød [ˈnøðˀ]
|
somewhat like hurt
|
| øː
|
løber [ˈløːpɐ] ('runner')
|
somewhat like herd
|
| œ
|
bønne [ˈpœnə]
|
somewhat like hurt
|
| œ:
|
høne [ˈhœːnə]
|
somewhat like herd
|
| ɶ
|
tør [ˈtsʰɶɐ̯ˀ] ('dry')
|
somewhat like but
|
| ɶ:
|
røre [ˈʁɶːɐ]
|
somewhat like bud
|
| u
|
ud [ˈuðˀ]
|
moot
|
| uː
|
hule [ˈhuːlə]
|
mood
|
| y
|
tyk [ˈtsʰyk]
|
somewhat like refute
|
| yː
|
synlig [ˈsyːnli]
|
somewhat like feud
|
| Unstressed-only
|
| ɐ
|
løber [ˈløːpɐ] ('runner')
|
coda
|
| ð̩
|
malet [ˈmɛːlð̩][۱]
|
the book (pronounced quickly)
|
| ə
|
hoppe [ˈhʌpə]
|
focus
|
| l̩
|
gammel [ˈkɑml̩][۱]
|
bottle
|
| m̩
|
København [kʰøpm̩ˈhɑwˀn][۱]
|
rhythm
|
| n̩
|
vinden [ˈve̝nˀn̩] ('the wind')[۱]
|
sudden
|
| ŋ̍
|
ryggen [ˈʁœkŋ̍][۱]
|
Washington
|
|
همخوان‌ها
| آوانگاری
|
مثال
|
نزدیک‌ترین معادل انگلیسی
|
| ɐ̯
|
er [ˈɛɐ̯]
|
near
|
| ɕ
|
sjat [ˈɕæt]
|
ship
|
| ð
|
øde [ˈøːðə]
|
bathe
|
| f
|
fod [ˈfoðˀ]
|
fan
|
| h
|
hat [ˈhæt]
|
heart
|
| j
|
jord [ˈjoɐ̯ˀ], mig [ˈmɑj]
|
yawn
|
| k
|
god [ˈkoðˀ]
|
scar
|
| kʰ
|
kone [ˈkʰoːnə]
|
car
|
| l
|
lykke [ˈløkə]
|
lake
|
| m
|
mod [ˈmoðˀ]
|
man
|
| n
|
node [ˈnoːðə]
|
nap
|
| ŋ
|
lang [ˈlɑŋˀ]
|
ring
|
| p
|
bog [ˈpɔwˀ]
|
spot
|
| pʰ
|
pol [ˈpʰoˀl]
|
pot
|
| ʁ
|
rød [ˈʁœðˀ]
|
French parler
|
| s
|
sod [ˈsoðˀ]
|
between sip and ship (retracted)
|
| t
|
dåb [ˈtɔˀp]
|
start
|
| tɕ
|
tjener [ˈtɕeːnɐ]
|
chin
|
| tsʰ
|
tak [ˈtsʰɑk]
|
tart
|
| v
|
våd [ˈvɔðˀ]
|
very
|
| w
|
hav [ˈhɑw] ('ocean')
|
cow
|
نوای گفتار
| آوانگاری
|
مثال
|
توضیح
|
| ˈ ˌ
|
husmor [ˈhusˌmoɐ̯]
|
تکیه (places before the stressed syllable)[۲]
|
| ˀ
|
hun hund  [[:مدیا:DA-stød ex Hun Hund.ogg|[ˈhun ˈhunˀ]]]
|
Stød[۳]
|
|
- ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ ۱٫۳ ۱٫۴ /əð, əl, ən/ become همخوان هجایی [ð̩, l̩, m̩, n̩, ŋ̍] in a process known as schwa-assimilation ([m̩, ŋ̍] are variants of /ən/, assimilated to the place of the preceding consonant). The process also often affects /ə/ after a long vowel or /ð, j, l, n, v/, but these types of assimilation are not as ubiquitous as, and are more contextually constrained than, the aforementioned combinations (Basbøll 2005:293ff), so they are not reflected in transcription.
- ↑ In Standard Copenhagen Danish, a stressed syllable has a lower بسامد پایه than the following unstressed syllable, which then has a high-falling pitch.
- ↑ Stød, which is realized most often as creaky voice (found in English as the vocal fry register; ⟨◌̰⟩ in standard IPA), can only occur after a long vowel or a sequence of a short vowel and [ð, j, l, m, n, ŋ, w, ɐ̯] in a stressed syllable. Phonologically long vowels with stød are shorter in realization, so they are transcribed as short in this guide (cf. pæn /ˈpɛ:ˀn/ [ˈpʰeˀn] 'nice', pen /ˈpɛnˀ/ [ˈpʰenˀ] 'pen').
